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1.
Japanese horse chestnut (Aesculus turbinata) seed extract inhibits the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX), but its active constituents have not been identified. In the present study, COX inhibitors were isolated from the hexane extract of this seed by means of 4 steps of liquid chromatography and were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The COX inhibitors in the extract of Japanese horse chestnut seeds were identified as linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid. Their efficacies were in the following order: linolenic acid = linoleic acid > oleic acid. These active constituents are C18 unsaturated fatty acids; stearic acid, a C18 saturated fatty acid, had no activity. Linolenic acid and linoleic acid had high selectivity toward COX-2 (selectivity index = 10), whereas oleic acid had no selectivity. Considering the efficacy and yield of each fatty acid, linoleic acid may be the principal COX inhibitor in this seed.  相似文献   

2.
The dietary dose responsiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) addition relative to the fatty acid profile of edible lean tissue was examined in grower pigs treated with or without porcine somatotropin (pST). Gilts and barrows were fed CLA at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of diet by weight from 20 to 55 kg BW. Additional pigs were administered (pST) at 0 or 100 microg x kg BW x d(-1) and fed either 0.5 or 2.0% CLA. Animals were fed diets containing 18% CP, 1.2% lysine, and 3.5 Mcal of DE/kg at 110% of ad libitum intake. The fatty acid profile in latissimus dorsi and dorsal s.c. adipose tissue samples was determined by gas chromatography. Dietary CLA replacement of corn oil increased the percentage of total fatty acids as stearic acid, whereas the percentages as oleic and linolenic acids were reduced in lattisimus muscle. Treatment with CLA + pST increased the percentages of linoleic and arachidonic acids while reducing the percentages of palmitic and oleic acids in lattisimus muscle. Dietary CLA increased the percentages of palmitic and stearic acids in s.c. adipose tissue while reducing the percentages of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. The percentage of palmitic acid was reduced in s.c. adipose tissue, whereas linoleic acid was increased with CLA + pST. No synergistic effect was detected between CLA and pST for reducing carcass lipid content in grower pigs. However, pST increased the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lattisimus muscle and s.c. adipose tissue while reducing the percentages of saturated fatty acids in swine fed CLA.  相似文献   

3.
1. Eggs from 4 farmed populations of Lesser Rhea (Pterocnemia pennata) were studied to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. 2. None of the physical variables (weight of whole egg, yolk, albumen and shell; proportion of yolk based on egg content; proportion of shell based on entire egg weight; volume; density) showed significant differences between populations. 3. Among chemical variables, moisture, both saturated fatty acids (palmitic 16:0 and stearic 18:0), one monounsaturated fatty acid (palmitoleic 16:1), and one polyunsaturated fatty acid (arachidonic 20:4), did not differ between populations, whereas other variables (protein, lipid and ash contents; fatty acids: oleic 18:1, linoleic 18:2, linolenic 18:3; PUFA; PUFA/SFA; cholesterol) differed significantly.  相似文献   

4.
The study appraised the effects of Carotino oil on in vitro rumen fermentation, gas production, metabolism and apparent biohydrogenation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids. Carotino oil was added to a basal diet (50% concentrate and 50% oil palm frond) at the rate of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% dry matter of the diet. Rumen inoculum was obtained from three fistulated Boer bucks and incubated with 200 mg of each treatment for 24 h at 39°C. Gas production, fermentation kinetics, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), metabolizable energy and free fatty acids were determined. Carotino oil did not affect (P > 0.05) gas production, metabolizable energy, pH, IVOMD, IVDMD, methane, total and individual VFAs. However, Carotino oil decreased (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids but enhanced (P < 0.05) the biohydrogenation of oleic acid. After 24 h incubation, the concentrations of stearic, palmitic, pentadecanoic, myristic, myristoleic and lauric acids decreased (P < 0.05) while the concentration of linolenic, linoleic, oleic and transvaccenic acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLAc9t11) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of Carotino oil. Carotino oil seems to enhance the accumulation of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids without disrupting rumen fermentation.  相似文献   

5.
Composition of follicular fluid to which the preovulatory follicle is exposed may be one of the major factors determining subsequent fertility, as fatty acids are a precursor of hormones involved in dominance, ovulation and atresia mechanisms. The objective of this paper is to observe fatty acid profiles in various lipid classes according to estrogenic activity of follicles. For each of the 18 cows, we analysed plasma and follicular fluid fatty acid profiles of phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesteryl esters and triglycerides fractions. Follicles were classified as active (ratio oestrogen to progesterone E2/P4 > 1) and inactive (E2/P4 < 1). For seven cows, we get both types of follicles, six had only one active follicle and five cows had only one inactive follicle. The NEFA profile for palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, C20:3n6, arachidonic acid and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; p < 0.001) is different between inactive and active follicles and plasma. Compared with active follicular fluid and plasma, follicular fluid of inactive follicles showed lower stearic acid, higher oleic acid, arachidonic acid and DPA (p < 0.05) in phospholipids. No significant differences were observed in the cholesteryl ester fraction, which is composted mainly of linoleic acid. Triglyceride concentrations were too low to get reliable results. This study suggests that follicles have a specific fatty acid metabolism depending on oestrogen activity.  相似文献   

6.
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of different fatty acids on the amino acid catabolism judged on the level of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). The model system of protein depletion with subsequent repletion was used in the trial consisted of Japanese quails 71 days old. In the period of protein repletion, the fatty acid (stearic, palmitic, oleic, linolenic, linoleic and lauric, respectively) was used instead of common fatty compound in the diet. Specific activities of XDH in liver, kidneys and pancreas of quails were tested dynamically from the first to the eighth day of feeding. It was demonstrated that neither lauric, palmitic nor oleic acid, respectively, had an effect on the development of the specific activity of XDH (Fig. 3). Stearic acid as a sole fatty compound in the diet however evoked reactibility of XDH in liver or in pancreas in different way as in kidneys (Fig. 4). The dynamics of the XDH development in kidneys was practically identical than that in the control. However, XDH in liver and pancreas raised statistically already from the first day of feeding. The effects of linoleic and linolenic acids on the development of specific activity of XDH were organ selective, too (Fig. 5). XDH in kidneys was shown in the same manner as in the control group. In liver and pancreas, however, the specific activity of XDH was diminished markedly just from the first day of feeding.  相似文献   

7.
The concentrations of dry matter, cholesterol, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and 29 fatty acids were measured in four size categories of whole mice (Mus domesticus) that are commonly fed to zoo animals. Dry matter increased with age/size of mice, whereas cholesterol decreased with age/size. Significant differences in fatty acid content were found among mice categories with capric, lauric, and myristic acids. Mice categories had similar levels of palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecenoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, gamma linolenic, alpha linolenic, eicosenoic, eicosadienoic, arachidonic, docosahexaenoic, and lignoceric acids. Analyzed lipid content of mice exceeded domestic carnivorous animal requirements for linoleic and arachidonic acids. The fatty acid levels in mice were high, falling between published values in beef and fish. Generally, mice contained higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including the omega-3 fatty acids, and lower levels of saturated fatty acids than beef. Although fatty acid levels met or exceeded some dietary requirements for carnivores and omnivores, a possibility of excessive levels exists that could lead to eye and tissue abnormalities. Furthermore, as the intake of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids increases, the dietary requirement for vitamin E increases. Thus, it is important that lipid profiles of feeder mice be known and considered when examining captive animal diets.  相似文献   

8.
用气相色谱法测定个体农户饲养的 1 66头奶牛的鲜奶中脂肪酸百分含量。其中豆蔻酸平均含量为 9.49± 2 .0 6,变异系数 ( CV)为 2 1 .71 %,95%置信区间 ( CL)为 9.1 7～9.81。棕榈酸 X±SD=2 4 .47± 3.2 2 ,,CV=1 3.1 6%,95%CL=2 3.97～ 2 4 .97。硬脂酸 X± SD=1 4.83± 2 .31 ,CV=1 5.58%,95%CL =1 4.47～ 1 5.1 9。油酸 X± SD=33.85± 3.99,CV=1 1 .79%,95%CL=33.2 4～ 34.46。亚油酸 X± SD=9.91± 2 .54,CV=2 5.63%,95%CL=9.52～ 1 0 .30。其它脂肪酸 X± SD=7.45± 1 .99,CV=2 6.71 %,95%CL=7.1 4～ 7.76。 95%容许区间 ( 95%TI) ,豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和其它脂肪酸依次为 5.41～1 3.57、1 8.0 9～ 30 .85、1 0 .2 6～ 1 9.40、2 5.95～ 41 .75、4.89～ 1 4.93和 3.51～ 1 1 .39。棕榈酸与硬脂酸相关系数 r=- 0 .4435* * ,硬脂酸与油酸 r=0 .2 31 9* ,棕榈酸与油酸 r=- 0 .491 7* *。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在研究布拖黑绵羊及凉山半细毛羊改良羊的脂肪酸及挥发性成分的种类及含量,并比较二者的异同。利用顶空固相微萃取—气相色谱—质谱(SPME-GC/MS)联用分析技术,对1周岁布拖黑绵羊及凉山半细毛羊改良羊各部位肌肉混合肉样脂肪酸的组成和挥发性成分进行研究。结果表明,脂肪酸主要由豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸和亚麻酸等构成,其中布拖黑绵羊与凉山半细毛羊改良羊肌肉中亚油酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),其他脂肪酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);布拖黑绵羊中检测到48种挥发性化合物,而凉山半细毛羊改良羊中检测到56种挥发性化合物,二者共同挥发性成分主要有己醛、庚醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、2-戊基呋喃、2,3-辛二酮、辛醛、苯甲醛、壬醛等,不同羊存在个体差异,且2种绵羊挥发性成分中占主要地位的可能是醛类。  相似文献   

10.
用常规分析方法和气相色谱法分别测定奶牛常用20种精粗饲料的常规营养成分及其脂肪酸组成和含量。结果显示,饲料中高级脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸,且不同来源的饲料其营养特性和脂肪酸组成和含量不一样。  相似文献   

11.
1. A study was conducted to evaluate how body weight and age of each female are related to the number and physical and chemical characteristics of the eggs produced throughout a breeding season in a captive-bred population of Greater Rheas (Rhea americana). 2. Reproductive performance of 15 females of three age classes (5 individuals per class) was monitored; female body weight was recorded before laying-onset. All the eggs laid were collected and identified, and different morphometric variables, percentage of components and fatty acid composition were determined. 3. The earlier the female started egg-laying, the longer the laying period and the greater the overall number of eggs produced. The onset of egg-laying in turn seemed to be related to the attainment of a high body weight. 4. Except for length, the values of the morphometric variables of the egg and unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic, oleic and linoleic) increased with female age. 5. High body weight was associated with low palmitic and palmitoleic fatty acids and high linoleic, linolenic and total unsaturated fatty acids. 6. Live weight and age of females can determine several physical and chemical characteristics of eggs.  相似文献   

12.
This study was designed to investigate whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) of the longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) of rabbits induces specific proportional changes in the muscle fatty acid composition. Ten 4-week-old Pannon White rabbits were exposed to TENS treatment two times a day, with the following settings: 30 Hz, 20 micros impulse length, 10 mA, 2 x 20 min. After a treatment period of 50 days rabbits were slaughtered and the fatty acid composition of the MLD was determined by gas chromatography. The TENS treatment increased the proportions of linoleic (C18:2 n-6), linolenic (C18:3 n-3) and gondoic acids (C20:1 n-9), compared with the control group. The level of palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1 n-9) and eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) acids significantly decreased. The proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids significantly increased. On the basis of the results obtained, TENS may have similar effects on the muscle fatty acid profile like physical training. Based on the supposal that the composition of membrane structure was also affected, the electrical stimulation of muscles may have further consequences, e.g. on membrane properties.  相似文献   

13.
1. Two experiments were designed to study the influence of free fatty acid content and degree of saturation of free fatty acids and neutral fat on digestibility of added fats and fatty acids. Sunflower oil and tallow were used as neutral fats, and palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids as free fatty acids. Fat inclusion was 80 g/kg and mixtures of each fat and each free fatty acid were prepared in the proportions 100:0, 70:30 and 40:60.

2. Experimental diets were evaluated for fat and fatty acid digestibilities with broiler chickens at 21 d of age. The metabolisable energy of fat was calculated from the product of digestibility and gross energy. Increasing concentrations of saturated free fatty acids decreased the ME of added fat, whereas unsaturated free fatty acids did not significantly affect the ME value of added fat.

3. Digestibilities of individual fatty acids were analysed by linear regression with rate of inclusion of free fatty acid in the fat blend: palmitic and stearic acids gave a negative slope, whereas oleic and linoleic acids gave a slope not statistically different from zero. Because slopes for saturated fatty acids did not differ between the sunflower oil and tallow treatments, synergism between unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was not detected.  相似文献   


14.
试验旨在分析研究乌珠穆沁草原饲养澳大利亚黑安格斯肉牛肌内脂肪酸含量和组成,为今后该品种的饲养改良、杂交繁育及肉品质的提高提供科学的基础数据.试验采集7头体重为(500±38)kg澳大利亚黑安格斯肉牛的里脊、臀肉、肩肉、眼肉、上脑、胸肉和米龙等不同部位肉样,采用简单高效脂肪酸提取方法,用气相色谱仪测定脂肪酸组成与含量,并与FAO/WHO推荐值比较,进行脂肪酸营养价值分析.结果表明黑安格斯肉牛不同部位牛肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量由多到少顺序为里脊、上脑、眼肉、肩肉、胸肉、臀肉及米龙,皆以棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量为主;单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中油酸含量最高;检出的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)多为亚油酸和亚麻酸;臀肉P/S和M/S最高,n-3/n-6 PUFAs比值达到0.85,接近FAO/WHO推荐值.以上结果表明乌珠穆沁草原饲养的黑安格斯肉牛的肉质风味良好,有较高的营养价值.  相似文献   

15.
Intramuscular fatty acids content and composition of Australian imported Black Angus beef raised in Ujinmqin grassland were analysised in this experiment to provide basic data for future breeding,crossbreeding,and meat quality evaluation.Target samples were taken of tenderloin,nates,shoulder clod,ribloin,highrib,brisket and topside from seven Black Angus beef which were Australian imported and raised in Ujinmqin grassland,with mean weights of (500±38)kg.The high efficient fatty acids extraction method and gas chromatograph (GC) were used to determine the content and composition of intramuscular fatty acids.Then the resuls were compared with FAO/WHO recommended values.The results showed that,the SFA content in target samples of Black Angus beef followed from high to low as:tenderloin,highrib,ribloin,shoulder clod,brisket,nates,topside.Moreover,majorities of intramuscular fatty acids composition were palmitic acid and stearic acid.The most highest content in MUFA was oleic acid;large amount of linoleic acid and linolenic acid were found in PUFA;The highest ratio of P/S and M/S were shown in nates,and the ratio of n-3/n-6 was 0.85.It was concluded that the meat of Australian imported Black Angus beef raised in Ujinmqin grassland had good flavor and high nutritive value.  相似文献   

16.
In order to examine the relationship between white scour and fatty acids, we added fatty acids to the milk replacer. Twenty healthy Holstein calves were divided into 4 groups, five calves per group; a control group with no fortified fatty acid, and 3 groups fed either with oleic, stearic, or palmitic acid, respectively. The calves were fed milk replacer (5% of the calf's body weight) twice a day but the fatty acids (2 wt % of milk replacer) were added only once. The fecal and blood samples were obtained at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h after feeding of the acids. All five calves in the palmitic acid group, and 3 out of 5 calves each in the stealic and the oleic acid groups had whitish feces after feeding fatty acid. The stearic acid group had a significantly elevated stearic acid concentration in the feces during 24–36 h compared to the pre-feeding level. The fecal concentration of palmitic acid increased significantly at 24–36 h in the palmitic acid group. We concluded that the long-chain saturated fatty acids are one of the causes of white scour in calves.  相似文献   

17.
试验旨在探究用同一浓度不同种类的脂肪酸单体（油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸及棕榈酸）处理延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞（BSC）,研究其对脂肪生成相关基因表达及脂滴形成的影响。从18月龄延边黄牛半膜肌中分离提取骨骼肌卫星细胞进行体外培养,在分化培养基中分别添加100 μmol/L油酸（OA）、硬脂酸（SA）、棕榈油酸（POA）和棕榈酸（PA）培养96 h,油红O染色观察脂滴生成情况,并利用实时荧光定量PCR法检测与脂肪生成相关基因过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPARγ）、固醇调节原件结合蛋白1（SREBP1）、硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶（SCD）、CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）的表达。油红O染色结果显示,与对照组相比,所有的脂肪酸处理组细胞均有脂滴形成,油酸和棕榈油酸处理组相对于棕榈酸和硬脂酸处理组在肌管内形成的脂滴数量更多,且脂滴的形态较大。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,在延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞中添加油酸和棕榈油酸等不饱和脂肪酸增加了与脂肪合成相关基因PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα的表达,抑制了SCD基因的表达;添加饱和脂肪酸（硬脂酸和棕榈酸）则在促进PPARγ、SREBP1、C/EBPα基因表达的同时也显著增加了SCD基因的表达（P < 0.05）。结果表明,添加脂肪酸可以诱导延边黄牛骨骼肌卫星细胞向脂肪细胞转分化。  相似文献   

18.
The present study examined the potency of smooth or rough Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharide infusion (LPS, 24 ng kg-1 min-1 for 500 min) on plasma cyclic-nucleotides and several free fatty acids (FFA) in calves. Both smooth or rough LPS increased plasma cAMP immediately to its maximum at 1 h of infusion, whereas plasma cGMP levels rose slowly and peaked 12 h later. The increases in cAMP levels were more prolonged for smooth LPS than rough LPS. The maximum plasma cAMP rise coincided with increases of several plasma FFA. Rough LPS increased plasma oleic greater than palmitic greater than stearic greater than linoleic acids in the second hour and reached their steady state levels between 2 h of infusion and 5 h post-infusion. Thereafter, oleic acid remained maximally elevated, while stearic acid decreased and other FFA returned to baseline. Smooth LPS had no effects on palmitic and stearic acids, but elevated oleic acid in an essentially similar manner to rough LPS and increased linoleic acid initially at 5 h, followed by decreases throughout post-infusion. These results demonstrate that endotoxemia produces early marked elevations in plasma cAMP, a gradual rise in plasma cGMP and disproportionate increases in several plasma FFA. The data also demonstrate that smooth and rough LPS differ in their abilities to increase plasma cAMP and FFA and these may be attributed to differences in their in vivo mechanisms of action. The study suggests that cAMP and cGMP may mediate actions of endotoxin at the cellular level and that differences exist in release and/or utilization of each FFA at different stages of endotoxemia.  相似文献   

19.
Samples of liver and perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat were collected from 16 sick necropsied dairy cows to evaluate the fatty acid profiles in the hepatic and adipose tissues associated with advanced fatty liver or hepatic lipidosis. Hepatic triglyceride and eight fatty acids were measured in the hepatic and adipose tissues. Six cows had more than 3% triglyceride on fresh weight in their livers and were classified as having fatty liver. Stearic and linoleic acid proportions in the liver decreased markedly with increased hepatic triglyceride levels, while the proportion of palmitic and oleic acids increased. The most striking fluctuations in hepatic lipidosis were manifested as decreased stearic acid in the adipose tissues including subcutaneous fat with the trend of decreasing stearic acid. Palmitic acid was elevated in hepatic and perirenal fat in fatty liver cows. In instances of advanced hepatic lipidosis, palmitoleic acid increased in only subcutaneous fat and not in perirenal or mesenteric fat. In addition to the proportions of hepatic fatty acids in fatty liver, this study also clarified the fluctuations observed in the profiles of fatty acids of the adipose tissues in cows with advanced hepatic lipidosis, particularly the decline in the proportions of stearic acid.  相似文献   

20.
深县猪肉质及营养价值分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究选择国外猪种杜洛克和中国地方猪深县猪体重 95 kg 的阉割公猪各 5 头,比较 2 个猪品种背最长肌之间肉质、氨基酸、脂肪酸和微量元素的差异。结果表明:杜洛克猪的肌内水分、肉色、大理石纹、滴水损失、粗蛋白质和脂肪含量低于深县猪(P<0.01);杜洛克猪背最长肌中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、半光氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、呈味氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和总氨基酸含量低于深县猪(P<0.01);杜洛克猪背最长肌的饱和脂肪酸含量棕榈酸、豆蔻酸、硬脂酸和花生四烯酸多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸和亚麻酸低于深县猪(P<0.01);单不饱和脂肪酸棕榈油酸含量低于深县猪(P<0.01),而油酸没有显著性差异;杜洛克猪背最长肌中微量元素钾、锶、铜、锌、硅和铬含量均低于深县猪(P<0.01),镍差异显著(P<0.05)。结果显示,中国地方猪深县猪在肉质及营养价值方面优于瘦肉型的杜洛克猪,为深县猪的品种资源保护和肉产品的开发利用提供依据。  相似文献   

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