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精氨酸对鱼类免疫功能的影响及其机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《动物营养学报》2015,(10)
精氨酸是鱼类的必需氨基酸,能增强鱼鳃组织物理屏障功能,提高吞噬细胞吞噬能力和杀菌活性,提高抗菌物质杀菌活性和免疫球蛋白含量,以增强鱼类非特异性和特异性免疫功能。同时,精氨酸具有抗炎作用,能保护鱼体免受免疫应答的自我损伤。本文简要综述精氨酸对鱼类免疫功能的影响及其机制。 相似文献
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氨基酸除参与合成蛋白质外,还具有调控细胞内蛋白质周转、胚胎及新生动物生长发育、机体免疫和肠道屏障功能等特殊作用,同时也参与合成机体许多重要生物活性物质,如多胺、核酸、一氧化氮等。近年来,氨基酸在免疫功能方面的调控作用受到越来越多的关注,如精氨酸能促进免疫器官的发育、淋巴细胞增殖、修复伤口、抵抗病菌感染从而提高动物免疫机能。文章就精氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、谷氨酰胺等对家禽免疫功能的影响及其调控机制研究进展作一综述,为丰富氨基酸营养理论及其在家禽生产上科学应用提供依据。 相似文献
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精氨酸 (Ａｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ ,Ａｒｇ)是一种碱性氨基酸 ,有两种异构体 :Ｄ -精氨酸 (Ｄ -Ａｒｇ)和Ｌ -精氨酸 (Ｌ-Ａｒｇ) ,动物体内主要是Ｌ -Ａｒｇ。精氨酸是家禽的必需氨基酸 ,除具有氨基酸的一般营养功能外 ,还作为家禽体内一种信号分子———一氧化氮 (ＮＯ)的前体而衍生出许多重要的生物学功能。禽类不能或只能在特定条件下很少量地合成精氨酸 ,其体内精氨酸的吸收、代谢途径及发挥效用的机制与家畜有共同之处 ,也有自身特点。本文着重介绍近期精氨酸在家禽营养、疾病、免疫等方面功能的研究进展。1 精氨酸的吸收与代谢精氨酸是幼年… 相似文献
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肠道黏膜免疫是动物对外界抗原进入动物体内产生的局部特异性免疫.精氨酸能在一定程度上修复黏膜损伤,维护动物肠黏膜结构与功能的完整性.本文综述了动物黏膜免疫系统,精氨酸对肠道黏膜免疫的调节作用以及断奶仔猪的精氨酸营养. 相似文献
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微生物耐药是威胁人类健康、动物保健和食品安全的重大问题。为减少耐药性及动物源食品的药物残留,迫切需要探索预防和治疗疾病的替代机制,其中之一便是激活先天免疫系统对病原体攻击产生强而持久的非特异性免疫应答,这一过程称为训练免疫,即先天免疫记忆。愈来愈多的研究表明,天然免疫细胞甚至组织驻留干细胞对某些感染和疫苗接种具有保护免受再感染的免疫记忆功能,即先天免疫系统也表现出适应性免疫特征。在兽医研究领域,通过改善先天免疫系统提高家禽抗病能力的概念并不新颖,但极少有可用的、有目的的针对训练免疫的应用研究。通过训练免疫途径增强动物免疫力是一个值得关注的崭新领域,将为设计新型广谱疫苗和寻找新的药物靶点开辟新的途径。笔者综述了训练免疫领域的最新进展,阐述了家禽训练免疫调控及未来研究方向。 相似文献
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de Groot J Moonen-Leusen HW Thomas G Bianchi AT Koolhaas JM van Milligen FJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1999,67(2):153-160
Stress is a recognised problem in intensive pig husbandry, which might lead to changes in immune reactivity. To study the effect of stress on the development of an anti-viral immune response, we used a murine model in which mice were immunized with an attenuated strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV). The effect of two stress treatments, both relevant to intensive pig husbandry, on the development of the specific immune response against PRV was investigated. The stress treatments consisted of restraint, social isolation, and transport and they differed in predictability. The specific immune response against PRV, which developed in the draining lymph nodes, was measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay and cytokine production assays. Our results showed that the unpredictable stress treatment had no effect on the development of the immune response against PRV in mice, whereas the predictable stress treatment actually hastened the immune response. 相似文献
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益生菌在健康硬骨鱼肠道中不仅起到抑制致病微生物的作用,而且更重要的是,益生菌能够刺激和增强肠道黏膜免疫系统,在肠道免疫中起重要作用。近年来,硬骨鱼黏膜免疫因其多样性及其不明确的定义,已成为热门的研究课题。硬骨鱼与水生环境直接接触,使肠道黏膜表面易受各种病原体的侵袭。免疫调节是硬骨鱼中有效的预防性措施,而益生菌能够提高肠道黏膜表面固有的免疫活性细胞和因子,对病原体起颉颃作用。益生菌主要通过口服方式进入鱼体,而肠道作为其主要靶器官,对鱼体产生特异性免疫应答。因此,关于益生菌影响肠道黏膜免疫系统的研究值得关注。相比于哺乳动物,硬骨鱼具有更加弥散的肠淋巴系统。局部免疫应答所必需的免疫细胞大量存在于肠道黏膜中,并且可以在免疫后的鱼体肠道中监测到局部免疫应答。文章综述了近年来硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫系统以及益生菌对硬骨鱼肠道黏膜免疫的影响,并对鱼类益生菌的进一步研究进行了展望,以期为后续研究益生菌与硬骨鱼之间相互作用提供参考。 相似文献
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Disease is a major issue in animal production systems and society demands that the use of medicines and vaccines be reduced. This review describes the breeding approaches that could be used to improve disease resistance and focuses especially on their application to pigs. Disease reduction by genetic means has certain advantages through cumulative and permanent effects, and direct and indirect selection methods are available. Direct selection for disease incidence requires, besides a unique pig identification and disease registration system, challenge routines that are inconvenient in intensive pig production. Indirect selection for the expression of immune capacity may be an alternative but requires detailed knowledge of the different components of the immune system. There is ample opportunity for genetic improvement of the immune capacity because immune traits show substantial genetic variation between pigs. We therefore conclude that indirect selection via immune traits is very interesting, also for practical implementation, and that there is an urgent need for knowledge, within lines, about the genetic relationships between immune capacity traits and resistance to specific diseases or to disease incidence in general. Furthermore, knowledge about the relationship between immune system traits and production traits is needed as well as knowledge about the effect of selection on the epidemiology of disease at a farm/population level and on the host-pathogen interaction and coevolution. 相似文献