共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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构建功能性人工湿地处理养殖场废水 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为寻求一种经济实用的养殖废水处理途径,人工湿地废水处理工艺越来越引起关注。该文综述了近几年来人工湿地处理机理、人工湿地的建造参数、人工湿地的作用及人工湿地的管理等,从生态系统的尺度展望了功能性人工湿地建构和多类污染物的联合去除的前景,期望在未来的人工湿地处理工艺的研究中关于养殖场废水处理的研究得到更切实的关注和更实质的进展,为动物养殖业的清洁生产做出贡献。 相似文献
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人工湿地系统在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
人工湿地是一种很有前途的废水处理方法,具有对污染物的去除能力强、基建和运行费用低、维护管理方便、耐冲击负荷能力强等优点。对人工湿地系统在垃圾渗滤液处理中的表现进行了分析,结果表明,其对有机物、氮磷和金属元素均具有较高的去除率,利用人工湿地处理垃圾渗滤液的方法具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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人工湿地污水处理技术研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
人工湿地是基于自然生态原理,以节能、污水资源化为指导思想,使污水处理达到工程化和实用化的一项新技术,近年来这种经济高效的污水生态处理技术受到日益关注。本文综述了目前国内外有关人工湿地污水处理技术概况、人工湿地净化污水的机理及其影响因素的研究进展,指出了目前国内外研究中存在的问题。提出了人工湿地污水处理技术的发展方向。 相似文献
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本文在对湿地的定义、作用以及中国湿地资源保护和研究现状进行概述的基础上，介绍了人工湿地在污水治理中的原理和应用，并举例剖析了人工湿地的具体设计。 相似文献
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人工湿地系统的除污机理及影响因素探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
人工湿地作为一种新型的污水处理实用新技术,正受到人们越来越多的关注.本文详尽地介绍了人工湿地的除污机理,分别就该工艺中氧的变化特性,对有机物、N、P 的去除机理及湿地中微生物的特征作了阐述,简要分析了影响人工湿地净化效果的主要因素,从而为该技术的推广提供理论参考. 相似文献
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复合人工湿地运行2 a净化水禽污水效果 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过构建表流与潜流湿地相结合的复合人工湿地来处理水禽污染的富营养化水体,研究了运行2年的复合人工湿地对化学需氧量(CODcr)、总悬浮物(TSS)、全氮(TN)和全磷(TP)的去除作用.研究表明,复合人工湿地对CODcr、TSS、TN和TP的2年平均去除率分别为42.64％、72.64％、31.69％和52.67％:对污染物CODcr、TSS、TN、TP 的去除效果随复合人工湿地运行时间变化而有所差异.在表流湿地中,夏季对CODcr的平均去除率要优于秋季,秋季潜流湿地和复合人工湿地对CODcr的平均去除率优于夏季.在对TSS的平均去除率,表流湿地、潜流湿地和复合人工湿地都表现为秋季优于夏季.表流湿地对TN的平均去除率表现为夏季显著优于秋季.在对TP的平均去除率中,表流湿地和复合人工湿地都表现为秋季优于夏季,而潜流湿地对TP的去除效果表现为秋季低于夏季.通过对进出水中的TP、TN、TSS和CODcr进行回归分析发现,除复合人工湿地和表流湿地区TSS的进水质量浓度与出水质量浓度无明显相关性外,其他复合人工湿地不同构建类型进出水的CODcr、TN、TP质量浓度均存在显著线性相关关系.该研究可为我国北方地区应用复合人工湿地处理富营养化水体提供理论依据. 相似文献
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基于RS和GIS的乌江流域(重庆段)湿地景观动态分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究三峡库区的建立对乌江流域(重庆段)即重庆东南地区湿地环境产生的影响,以landsat-5 TM和landsat 8OLI遥感影像为主要数据源,基于eCognition和ArcGIS平台,采用面向对象分类的方法,建立重庆地区乌江流域1995、2005和2015年湿地景观数据库,利用景观动态变化度、景观破碎度及土地利用转移矩阵等方法,分析重庆地区乌江流域内湿地景观近20年的时空变化特征.结果表明:1)重庆地区乌江流域整体湿地景观面积近20年处于增长趋势,动态变化指数最高为水库,最低为水田;2)湿地景观转移以湿地景观内部转移为主,湿地景观与非湿地景观转移为辅,人工湿地增加比重高于天然湿地;3)研究区内景观破碎度呈现先增加后减少的趋势,说明该区域湿地环境先恶化后得到改善;4)1995、2005和2015年,天然湿地景观分维数均低于1.6,人工湿地均高于1.7,说明人工湿地景观格局比天然湿地复杂.天然湿地的稳定性指数远低于人工湿地,且接近于0,说明自然湿地内部空间结构更加脆弱.通过三峡工程及其他水利工程的建设,导致乌江流域(重庆段)湿地景观格局发生变化,对该地区的湿地环境总体改善起到明显的促进作用.随着三峡工程建设、库区蓄水,以及龙潭水利工程、江口电站等水利设施修建,乌江流域内湿地总体面积增加,人工湿地变化较天然湿地更为明显,但天然湿地相比人工湿地更易受外界干扰,应加强相对应的保护措施.研究为保护该地区湿地景观,建立乌江流域湿地生态系统动态监测体系,以及为武陵山区精准扶贫提供技术支持. 相似文献
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人工湿地系统具有低投资、低能耗、低运行费、高生态环境效益等诸多优点,因此受到人们更多的关注。文章结合山东省潍坊市白浪河上游湿地的成功案例,对人工湿地系统在城市园林绿化建设中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Intermittent wastewater loading, a characteristic of aquaculture operations, undermines the usefulness of treatment wetlands designed using the steady state assumption. Being biological systems, the treatment variability of such wetlands must also be addressed during the design phase. A simulation-optimization model suitable for modeling intermittent pollutant releases and identifying optimal area and wastewater loading patterns for aquaculture operations is integrated with a decision-analytic framework to determine wetland area and release pattern under uncertainty and risk. Wetland area and release patterns corresponding to different decision making priorities were obtained by applying the minimax, maximax, Hurwicz and minimax regret criteria. The developed methodology provides a convenient framework for aquaculture operators and wetland design engineers to consider trade-off between the wetland size (an indicator of construction and opportunity costs) and wastewater loadings (an indicator of operation costs) during the design process. The results can also be used to characterize the risk-attitudes of the aquaculture operators and identify the worth of additional studies (i.e., pilot tests) given their risk-preferences. 相似文献
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Sue Ann McCuskey Allen W. Conger Hilburn O. Hillestad 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,77(3-4):513-532
Wetland development offers the opportunity to replace and enhance ecological functions lost through permitted wetland impacts. Components necessary for the restoration and creation of wetlands are presented and examples of wetland construction are described to illustrate the application of wetland design. Land contours, top soil, hydrology and vegetation were manipulated to develop wooded wetlands at sites in Ohio and South Carolina. In Ohio, approximately 30 ha of former crop land/sod farm were modified to bring water from the adjacent creek onto the site and hold it to saturate soils for wetland development. A 2.8 ha ponding area and channels were constructed, berms were built to slow the exit of stormwater runoff, and trees were planted in spring 1994. The mitigation site lies adjacent to a park and high school, thereby also providing community benefits and wetland education opportunities. In South Carolina, 9.5 ha of an abandoned soil borrow pit were converted into wooded wetlands, hydrologically connected to an adjacent swamp. Native plants were removed from the 4 ha of isolated wetlands to be impacted, and were augmented with nursery stock to create the mitigation wetland. Monitoring of vegetation, hydrology and wildlife usage of the constructed system continues to document wetland development and success. 相似文献
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潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水的净化效果 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
为了提高潜流人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水中污染物的去除效果,该试验通过改变湿地内部结构构建了4个潜流人工湿地单元,选用灰砖块和碎石做湿地填料,冬夏季轮作栽培齿果酸模和大狼把草,考察湿地运行期间对厌氧消化后猪场废水的净化效果。结果表明：湿地单元经过80 d的启动,运行稳定,有植物湿地比无植物对照湿地提前10 d左右进入稳定期。运行期间,各湿地单元对废水中氨氮（ammonia nitrogen,NH4+-N）、总氮（total nitrogen, TN）、总磷（total phosphorus,TP）和化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand,CODCr）的去除率与气温变化均呈现显著线性正相关。在水力停留时间（hydraulic retention time,HRT）为4 d,进水中CODCr、NH4+-N、TN、TP浓度分别为520、110、120、10 mg/L左右时,4个湿地单元对CODCr、TP的去除率分别在60%和70%以上,对NH4+-N和TN的去除率分别为28%～67%和32%～58%,植物对CODCr及TP去除的贡献分别稳定在10%和4%左右,植物对氮的去除效果受气温影响较大,夏季对NH4+-N和TN去除的贡献分别可达13%和12%。与一般潜流人工湿地比较,改进的波形潜流人工湿地对NH4+-N、TN和CODCr的平均去除率提高均在3%以上,对TP去除效果差异不显著（P＞0.05）。该研究可为构建大规模的潜流人工湿地处理畜禽养殖废水提供理论依据和技术支持。 相似文献
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为了探索沼泽湿地生物碳汇扩增技术与碳汇型生态农业利用模式,该文选取吉林省大安市牛心套堡苇场的苏打型盐碱化芦苇沼泽湿地为研究对象,通过田间工程、放流增殖鱼、虾、蟹、退化芦苇植被恢复等措施,构建高碳汇型水生生物群落,于2006-2011年进行了沼泽湿地生物碳汇扩增技术与碳汇型生态农业利用模式的试验。结果表明,试验地主要碳汇生物的年平均生物量达到3364.38kg/hm2,比试验前增加了158.20%,年均递增20.89%;试验地年均碳汇能力达到176.42kg/hm2,比试验前增加了256.98%,年均递增35.01%;试验地年均经济效益达到744元/hm2,比试验前增加了215.25%,年均递增25.81%。鱼、虾、蟹的放流增殖对沼泽湿地生态系统结构和功能无明显损害,所构建的"苇-鱼-虾-蟹"复合生态结构可作为退化芦苇沼泽湿地的生物碳汇扩增模式和碳汇型生态农业利用模式,也可为其他类型湿地实施生物碳汇扩增与碳汇型利用提供借鉴。 相似文献
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[目的]就利用极浅型潜流人工湿地同步处理污水和改良风沙土的可行性进行中试,为后续相关工程的设计、建设和运行提供科学依据。[方法]以污水处理厂初沉池出水为原水,以取自毛乌素沙漠的风沙土为湿地填料,以高羊茅、黑麦草和狗牙根为湿地栽培植物,研究并分析湿地对水中污染物的去除效果和在风沙土的富集特征。[结果]经过15个月的运行,各湿地对污水中COD,TN以及TP的平均去除率分别高于原土68.75%,70.09%和62.74%。运行完毕后,各湿地风沙土较原土有机质、全氮含量显著增加(p0.05),全磷含量虽呈增加趋势但增幅不显著(p0.05),其中风沙土有机质、全氮及全磷含量分别较原土增加了10.64~18.77,8.74~13.98,0.34~0.55倍。[结论]利用极浅型潜流人工湿地同步处理污水和改良风沙土可行。它既能高效净化污水,又可快速提升风沙土的生产力。 相似文献
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C. C. Bartoldus 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1994,77(3-4):533-541
The practice of compensating wetland losses through wetland construction, restoration, or enhancement has become more commonplace; however, an appropriate method for assessing replacement of wetland function has been lacking. The Evaluation for Planned Wetlands (EPW) was developed to meet this need. It is a rapid assessment procedure which documents and highlights differences between a wetland assessment area and planned wetland based on their capacity to provide six functions: shoreline bank erosion control, sediment stabilization, water quality, wildlife, fish (tidal, non-tidal stream/river, and non-tidal pond/lake), and uniqueness/heritage. The differences between wetlands are expressed in terms of individual elements. Functional Capacity Indices, and Functional Capacity Units. The results provide information on individual design elements and measures of functional capacity which are a necessity under current regulatory programs that require tangible goals and a method for calculating planned wetland size. EPW includes functional assessment models, a procedure for using these models during the planning/mitigation process, and guidelines for functional design. 相似文献
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J. W. Goodrich-Mahoney 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1996,90(1-2):205-217
The Electric Power Research Institute's (EPRI) Environmental and Health Sciences Business Unit, within the Environment Group, has initiated a multi-disciplinary applied research program to develop constructed wetland treatment systems as a cost-effective technology for the treatment of metal-bearing electric utility aqueous discharges. EPRI's program involves the building of constructed wetland treatment systems, collection of field data from these systems, and conduct of controlled laboratory experiments to more fully understand their functions and the factors affecting these functions. Both data collected through this program and existing data will be used to develop and deliver design criteria for the effective use of this technology to reduce or eliminate the risk that electric utilities will not meet regulatory-imposed effluent discharge limits. Currently, EPRI along with one of its members, is funding the construction of a state-of-the-art constructed wetland treatment system to treat a discharge from a closed dry ash management facility in Pennsylvania. This constructed wetland treatment system, along with existing ones located in California and Tennessee, will be used to collect data on the cycling of trace metals. Controlled laboratory experiments are underway to develop trace element uptake curves for wetland plant species, to determine which plant species one should plant in a wetland in a particular geographic area to maximize trace element removal. Plants also will be identified that are high volatilizers for selenium, arsenic and lead. As part of this research, the best plant/microbe associations (i.e., best plant species with the best microbe species) will be identified for achieving the highest rates of trace metal removal. Once this work is completed, these plants will be introduced into the three constructed wetland treatment systems mentioned above and the wetlands will be monitored to determine if any improvement in trace metal uptake is occurring. Additionally, EPRI is coordinating its research program with the Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA) program, where design criteria for manganese rock drains for the removal of manganese and successive alkalinity-producing constructed wetlands for the treatment of acidic aerobic discharges will be developed. TVA is also supporting the development of EPRI's Wetland Environmental and Management (WEM) Model and is conducting research on anoxic limestone drains. 相似文献
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丛枝菌根真菌在湿地生境中的分布及其在人工湿地中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Over the last three decades, the presence and functional roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wetland habitats have received increasing attention. This review summarized the mycorrhizal status in wetlands and the effect of flooding on AM fungal colonization. Plants of 99 families living in 31 different habitats have been found to be associated with AM fungi, even including submerged aquatic plants and several plant species that were thought to be nonmycorrhizal (Cyperaceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Plumbaginaceae). The functions of AM fungi in wetland ecological systems could be concluded as their influences on the composition, succession, and diversity of the wetland plant community, and the growth and nutrition of wetland plants. Affecting the composition, succession, and diversity of the wetland plant community, AM fungi have positive, negative, or neutral effects on the performance of different wetland species under different conditions. The factors that affect the application effect of AM fungi in constructed wetland (CW) include flooding, phosphorus, plant species, aerenchyma, salinity, CW types, operation modes of CW, and wastewater quality. The generalist AM fungi strains can be established spontaneously, rapidly, and extensively in wastewater bioremediation technical installations; therefore, AM fungi can be considered ideal inhabitants of technical installations for the plant-based bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by organic pollutants or other contaminants. In the future, roles of AM fungi and factors that affect the purifying capacity of AM-CW system must be understood to optimize CW ecosystem. 相似文献
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人工湿地在猪场污水净化中的应用 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
人工湿地具有良好的净化污水的功能,它是一种推流式生物反应器。文中主要叙述人工湿地结构与净化猪场污水机理;并分析了人工湿地从开始运行到成熟过程,湿地结构成分变化及对污水净化效果的影响;经筛选,人工湿地中的植物为鸭舌草,它是适于这类型人工湿地种植的良好草种。经运行测试分析表明:BOD5去除率达88.04％,CODCr去除率达88.56％,SS去除率达90.77％,硫化物去除率达88.29％,铜化物去除率达95.74％。人工湿地因出水水质好,运行维护方便,在猪场污水处理系统中使用较为理想。 相似文献