共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
我国外銷香蕉,多以果段包装貯运。这种包装方法,虽会减少果实摩擦損伤所引致的腐烂损失,但果軸短,切口多,病菌容易从果軸切口侵入果实,造成軸腐病严重发生。分离、培养、按种試驗結果,軸腐病的病原菌有多种,其中致病力較强的有:香蕉凤梨病菌(Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dode)Moreau.,+~(***))、香蕉炭疽病菌(Gloeosporium musarum Cke et Mass.,+++)、香蕉黑腐病菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.,+);致病力弱的有:二种鐮刀菌(Fusa- 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
菠萝黑腐病,又称软腐病、心腐病或果腐病,是采后菠萝果实的主要病害之一,由真菌Thielaviopsisparadoxa(deseyn·)V·Hohn引起。广州栽培的卡因菠萝,采后果实在常温下贮运易因黑腐病引起腐烂、变软、发黑和变质,严重时,贮藏14d后发病率高达50%～60%。栽培上打顶会在发育果实上留下伤口,为黑腐病菌入侵提供途径,是采后波萝黑腐病发生危害的重要原因。采后菠萝经SF蜡乳剂处理与12℃低温贮藏,可显著减少黑腐病,同时减少采后黑心病的发生;多菌灵、仲丁胺或苯来特等杀菌剂与赤毒素GA3混合浸果处理,亦能显著控制菠萝黑腐病。但赤毒素GA3150mg/L… 相似文献
5.
温室大棚栽培番茄 ,常会出现烂果现象。引起番茄烂果的原因 :一是菜田土壤干旱缺水 ,致使幼果缺水发生脐腐病。二是果实膨大期间施肥不科学 ,多氮肥而磷钾不足 ,尤其是缺乏钙肥 ,而严重阻碍幼果脐部细胞正常的生理活动 ,无法形成果脐钙 ,使果实抵抗外界不良环境条件的能力减弱而患脐腐病。三是由真菌引发的晚疫病 ,致使青果产生暗褐色病斑而不能食用 ,对产量影响很大。烂果多发生在果实膨大期 ,以及保水差的新园及重栽地块。但碱性过重的田块地会诱发脐腐病害。而晚疫病多发生在未成熟的青果上。后期天气潮湿时 ,病斑出现白色霉状物。通常在… 相似文献
6.
辣木在西双版纳栽培初期农艺性状表现良好[1],种植3年后病害发生逐渐严重,特别是进入雨季后果荚易感病腐烂,造成种子失收。辣木果腐病目前已成为西双版纳辣木的重要病害之一[2]。目前国内对该病的病原物报道较少,本研究通过室内分离,离体接种及病原鉴定确定辣木果腐病的主要病原,为指导该病的田间防治提供依据。1材料与方法1.1病原菌来源病原菌采自云南省热带作物科学研究所4年生多油辣木Moringa oleigera改良种PKM1植株上新鲜感病的果荚,在PDA培养基上用常规方法组织分离纯化后获得培养菌,再按柯赫氏法则接种测定其致病性。1.2病原菌分… 相似文献
7.
猕猴桃采后病害鉴定和侵染规律研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
猕猴桃果实在0℃贮藏4周后开始出现腐烂,贮藏19周,腐烂率高达50%以上。腐烂部位几乎都在果蒂和花端两点以外的果身上,极少数是蒂腐和花端腐烂。病原菌有7种,其中Botrytis cinerea,Penicillium sp.和Phomopsis sp.3种为优势菌。病原菌主要通过采收运输时造成的机械伤口侵染,未发现在果实过熟衰老前直接侵染。 相似文献
8.
玉米青枯病病原菌的分离及其致病性测定技术的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
在1985~1995年期间,先后对国内16个省、市、区的1394份玉米青枯病株进行分离,腐霉的分离频率为63.8%,而镰刀菌则为36.4%。两菌在各省市区的分离频率不尽相同。深入研究的结果表明,培养基种类、分离部位、不同病级的病株或病株分离(采集)的季节对分离结果有直接影响。#br#根据Koch氏法则,从病株上分离的腐霉和镰刀菌必须回接在感病的玉米株上,测定其致病性。接种结果表明,腐霉具有致病性,应是玉米青枯病的病原菌,而镰刀菌则不是。研究结果还表明,接种方式、玉米生育期、接种的菌量、盆土含水量对致病性测定的成败具有重大影响。 相似文献
9.
广州栽培菠萝上发现果实褐腐病 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广州栽培菠萝上发现果实褐腐病菠萝果实褐腐病，又称菠萝青霉果腐病、小果心腐病、革质袋病，病原为Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｆｕｎｉ－ｃｕｌｏｓｕｍ。近年在法国马提尼克、秘鲁等地区发生危害较重，导致菠萝鲜果和加工果的重大损失。近年，笔者在广州栽培的卡因（Ｓｍｏ... 相似文献
10.
成都萵笋霜霉病菌孢子囊寿命很短,生活力只能維持7—10天。在病叶、茎及种子中,均未发現卵孢子。其初侵染来源可能是种子或病組織中潛藏的菌絲。調查結果表明,萵笋霜霉病菌可以藉气流或水流終年侵染,不在活体外休眠。 萵笋霜霉病菌寄主范围小,在6种菊科植物上接种未获成功,表現出明显的专化現象,品种間抗病性亦有显著的差異。 相似文献
11.
The extent of fruit drop and damage inflicted to date fruit byCoccotrypes and nitidulids was estimated and control measures were investigated. Fruit drop, which occurred mainly in July and resulted in a 30-40% yield loss, was due mainly toCoccotrypes, which attacked unripe fruit. Fruit which dropped and started to rot was infested by nitidulid beetles throughout the summer. Green fruit was not damaged by nitidulids while on the bunches, but only as ripening progressed. Protecting the bunches with dense netting coverings prevented penetration of both pests and greatly reduced fruit drop and infestation. Although the organophosphorus insecticides pirimiphos-methyl and azinphos-methyl were efficient in controlling nitidulids, the mechanical control method was preferable. 相似文献
12.
Effects of fruit maturity, wound age, temperature and the duration of wetness periods on infection of apple fruits by conidia of the brown rot fungus, Monilinia fructigena , were studied. Inoculation of fruits on potted apple trees and harvested mature fruits showed that wounding was essential for infection by M. fructigena . On potted trees, there was a significant difference between the susceptibility of cvs Cox and Gala and this difference depended on wound age. The incidence of brown rot was affected greatly by fruit maturity and wound age. Wounds on younger fruits were more resistant to infection than those on older fruits, whilst the older the wound, the more resistant it was to infection. Furthermore, the degree of wound age-related resistance was greater on younger fruits than on older fruits. These relationships were well described by regression models. The effect of the duration of wetness periods was very small: increasing the duration of wetness periods reduced the incidence of brown rot on older wounds. For detached fruits, all those wounded were rotted after inoculation, except for those in two treatments under 20°C on fruits with wounds which were 8 days old. The incubation period of the fungus was generally very short. Wound age was the single most important factor influencing the length of the incubation period; the incubation period increased as wound age increased. 相似文献
13.
K. Dhileepan 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):273-277
Abstract The common myna Acridotheres tristis Linn., the jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchus Wagner and the house crow Corvus splendens Viellot are the major pests of oil palm in India. Other birds like crow pheasant Centropus sinensis Stresmann, parrot Loriculus sp. and pariah kite Milvus migrans Sykes also feed on oil palm fruits. These birds feed on the fleshy mesocarp of the ripe fruits resulting in heavy fruit loss, significantly reducing oil yield. Gizzard and intestinal content analysis indicated that oil palm fruits are the major source of food for these birds. Observations on 1657 oil palm fruit bunches during 1985–86 revealed that 76% of the ripe bunches and 5.6% of the unripe bunches were damaged by birds. The damage by birds was either ‘partial’ or ‘complete’, where 40–50% and 80–100% respectively, of the individual fruit weight was lost. The partial fruit damage was more common in 130–160 day‐old bunches and the complete fruit damage increased after 150 days of fruit set. Fruit loss due to bird damage was higher in palms in the border area of the plantation (2.3 kg/bunch) than in the interior (1.3 kg/bunch). It is estimated that around 2.8 tonnes of fresh fruits/ha/yr, equivalent to 420 kg of palm oil, are lost due to bird damage. 相似文献
14.
Marilinda Lorenzini Giacomo Zapparoli 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,151(4):1089-1093
Pestalotiopsis biciliata, Diplodia seriata and Diaporthe eres were recovered from severely diseased bunches of withered grapes for Amarone wine production. To our knowledge this post-harvest disease has never been seen before in withered grapes. Fruit rot occurred with bunches containing decayed berries partially or totally covered by whitish mycelium. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of fungal isolates from symptomatic fruits enabled species delimitation. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the three species are able to infect grape berries confirming that they are casual agents of fruit rot. This study provides preliminary insights on this post-harvest disease that might have important implications in grape quality. 相似文献
15.
Bitter rot, caused by the fungus Greeneria uvicola, is one of the most important fruit rot diseases that threaten the burgeoning winegrape (Vitis vinifera) industry in the southeastern United States. Epidemiological studies were conducted to examine the period of fruit susceptibility of V. vinifera to G. uvicola, influence of temperature and duration of wetness on infection, and relative susceptibility of cultivars to bitter rot. In field studies, susceptibility of Merlot, Chardonnay, and Cabernet Franc fruit increased from bloom until véraison in 2003 and from bloom until 2 weeks before véraison in 2004. When detached V. vinifera fruit were inoculated and incubated at 14, 22, 26, and 30 degrees C for 6, 12, 18 or 24 h of wetness, 22.4 to 24.6 degrees C and 6 or 12 h of wetness were the optimal conditions for infection of fruit by G. uvicola. The relative susceptibility of 38 cultivars and selections, including 23 V. vinifera cultivars and five French-American hybrids, was determined in a detached fruit inoculation assay. A wide range in susceptibility was observed among the cultivars and selections. Fruit of cultivars of V. vinifera were significantly more susceptible than French-American hybrids. Isolates of G. uvicola differed in aggressiveness when tested on cv. Chardonnay. 相似文献
16.
K. J. Evans A. K. Palmer D. A. Metcalf 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,135(4):661-673
Aerated compost tea (ACT), prepared from immature compost, was applied to foliage and fruit of grapevines (Vitis vinifera) to assess its potential for suppressing two important diseases: botrytis bunch rot, caused by Botrytis cinerea, and powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe necator. An ACT applied to leaves of Cabernet Sauvignon vines in pots 7 days before inoculation with E. necator conidia reduced mean powdery mildew severity on the three youngest expanded leaves (at inoculation) to less than 1 %; mean severity on non-treated, inoculated leaves was 15 %. Multiple applications of ACTs at two vineyards in different growing seasons suppressed powdery mildew to <1 % mean severity on Chardonnay leaves (non-treated 79 % severity) and bunches (non-treated 77 % severity), and on Riesling leaves (non-treated 24 % severity). The same treatments reduced the incidence of Chardonnay bunches with latent B. cinerea and Riesling bunches with sporulating B. cinerea, although the level of botrytis bunch rot in both experiments was not economically damaging. The numbers of culturable bacteria, fungi and yeasts on Chardonnay leaves were higher than pre-treatment levels 10 days after ACT application, as were fungal numbers on Riesling leaves 21 days after treatment. Suppression by ACTs of two fruit and foliar pathogens of grapevine with different biology and epidemiology indicated potential for their use as a tactic in integrated disease management. Further testing of ACTs in a range of viticultural environments and application regimes will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of this tactic on disease, grape and wine quality. 相似文献
17.
ABSTRACT Epidemics of citrus brown rot from 1994 to 1997 in the south-central and east-coast citrus areas of Florida were characterized and the causal Phytophthora spp. identified. Two species of Phytophthora, P. palmivora and P. nicotianae, were consistently associated with brown rot. Epidemics caused by P. palmivora appeared to be initiated on immature fruit dropped on the orchard floor. The soilborne fungus infected and sporulated on these fruit and was then disseminated to fruit above 1 m in the canopy. In contrast, infection by P. nicotianae, the common cause of root rot, was confined to the lowest 1 m of the canopy. Fruit infected by P. palmivora produced large amounts of ellipsoidal sporangia available for splash dispersal, whereas those infected by P. nicotianae produced far fewer spherical sporangia. Isolates from brown rot epidemics were compared with P. nicotianae from citrus in Florida and Texas, P. citrophthora in California, P. palmivora, and selected Phytophthora spp. from other hosts. Brown rot symptoms produced by the different pathogenic citrus isolates on inoculated fruit were indistinguishable. Morphology, mating behavior, and isozyme patterns of brown rot isolates from 1988 to 1997 matched P. palmivora from citrus roots, other host plants, and other locations, but were different from characterized isolates of P. citrophthora in California and P. nicotianae in Florida and Texas. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isozyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase rapidly identified the causal citrus pathogen from infected fruit and soil isolation plates. Although P. palmivora is an aggressive pathogen of citrus roots, bark, and fruit, populations in orchard soils were low compared with P. nicotianae. 相似文献
18.
Anthracnose and crown rot are the main diseases affecting bananas after harvest. These diseases are mainly caused by Colletotrichum musae (anthracnose) and to some extent by various Fusarium species forming a fungal complex (crown rot). A water-borne spore trap was used to collect and quantify all inocula reaching banana bunches from flowering to harvest. The pattern of natural contamination was characterized by a peak from 25 to 40 days after bunch emergence, with a strong decline until harvest. Both Colletotrichum and Fusarium species had the same dynamics during bunch growth. Flower parts are the main inoculum source for Fusarium; both flower parts and the last bunch bract are important sources for Colletotrichum . Primary inoculum could reach flower parts and the last bunch bract through rain splash of conidia, transport by insects or aerial dissemination of ascospores. Sporulation occurring on the young flower parts and on the last bunch bract provides heavy secondary inoculum. The consequences for control strategies are discussed. 相似文献
19.
20.
Effects of wounding, fruit age and wetness duration on the development of cherry brown rot in the UK 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This research investigated the effects of wounding, fruit age and wetness duration on the development of cherry brown rot. Both Monilinia laxa and M. fructigena infected wounded detached cherry fruits, but M. laxa caused more infections than M. fructigena and only M. laxa efficiently infected intact detached fruits. Results from field monitoring and controlled inoculation in a polyethylene tunnel showed that the susceptibility of fruits to infection by M. laxa increased with fruit maturity. Infection of attached intact fruits by M. laxa was not affected by the length (3–24 h) of the wet period tested. 相似文献