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闽北曾是福建的“小三线”，有同西北类似的生态，开发东部沿海的时候，闽北是西，是山区，开发西北部时，闽北是东。文章就闽北发展变迁中足可引以为鉴的生态保护，论述了保护西部生态的重要性，阐述了西部大开发的深刻内涵，提出开发西部应注意发挥生态的自我修复能力，做好自然生态和各类资源的保护，防止水土流失，使生态维持在保证西部经济可持续发展的基础上。 相似文献
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西部大开发与黄土高原的生态环境建设 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国西部地区拥有丰富的矿产资源和广阔的土地资源，但生态环境恶劣，基础设计落后，严重制约了社会经济的可持续发展。随着西部大开发的全面展开，基础设施和生产建设项目的规模会逐步扩大，势必加剧人为水土流失的发生。因此必须把水土保持生态环境建设作为实施西部大开发战略的主体来抓，落实好“24字方针”，加强开发建设项目的监督管理，为西部开发创造一个良好的环境。 相似文献
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"数字黄土高原"到"数字水土保持" 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
立足于黄土高原水土保持与生态环境建设及其科学研究的要求和空间信息科学技术发展的最新动态，通过：数字黄土高原”建立的时代背景及其技术背景，讨论了“数字黄土高原”研究与建设的目标，基本内容，关键技术环节（包括数据库结构，数据集成方法，数据更新，元数据体系建设和数字共享机制）和推广应用等，初步讨论了“数字水土保持”及其与国家空间数据基础设施（NSDI）建设的关系。 相似文献
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西部大开发中的生态安全问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
西部地区（限指西北地区）由于其独特的气体条件和地理环境，生态环境极为脆弱。长期以来，因人口不断增长，对土地和自然资源的需求量超过了环境的承载能力，生态系统不断遭到破坏和恶化，使原来脆弱的生态环境变得更加脆弱和恶劣，严重制约着西部大开发战略的实施。文章强调只能强化水土保持，加快植被重建步伐，走开发与保护环境相结合的路子，才能预防新的水土流失和风蚀沙化的发生以及遏制生态环境的进一步恶化。因此，只有确保西部生态安全，才能以生态安全保护并促进西部开发，实现经济建设与生态环境建设双赢的目的。 相似文献
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汉江源头流域水土保持现状的调查与思考 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在调查汉江源头流域水土保持现状的基础上，认识水土流失造成的危害，分析水土流失形成的原因，提出治理水流失的措施体系，为实施“生态环境的保护与建设”战略，为再造“山川秀美”西部地区奠定基础。 相似文献
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防治水土流失，改善恶劣的生态环境，是西部大开发战略的基础工程。在此前提下，要充分利用自然资源，发展特色农业，培育新的替代产业，推进产业结构调整。同时，要科学开发和有效保护好有限的水资源，确保经济与生态的可持续发展。 相似文献
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植被在水土保持中的地位和作用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
黄土高原生态脆弱，沟壑纵横，水土流失非常严重，究其原因主要是长期以来人们破坏植被的结果。西部大开发，水土保持特别是生态环境建设要先行，而水土保持又离不开植被建设。长期以来，人们已经认识到植被的重要性，但是关于植被在水土保持中的地位和作用，人们尚不太明确。为此，探讨了植被破坏对水土流失、生态环境的危害以及植被的各部分在保持水土方面的功效，认为植被措施具有极强的生态效益和社会效益，在水土保持中的地位是无可替代的，是水土保持的根本性措施。 相似文献
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Leila Shekari Maryam Mozafariyan Mirza Hasanuzzaman Farshad Sadeghi 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(6):761-772
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans but is not considered as essential for plants. However, its beneficial role in improving plant growth and stress tolerances is well established. In order to study the role of Se in cadmium (Cd) toxicity in pepper (Capsicum frutescens cv. Suryankhi Cluster), this experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised Cd [0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM cadmium chloride (CdCl2)] and Se [0, 3, and 7 µM sodium selenite (Na2SeO3)] with three replications. The result showed that Cd decreased chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, whereas Se supplementation diminished Cd toxicity on photosynthetic pigment. Selenium at 7 µM significantly increased the leaf area in the plants grown at 0.25 mM Cd. The application of Se at 3 µM with 0.25 mM Cd and Se at 3 µM and Se at 7 µM with 0.5 mM Cd increased the activity of catalase (CAT). Selenium at 7 µM decreased the proline content of pepper leaves exposed to Cd at 0.5 mM (30%). Selenium significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of leaves, which was diminished by Cd toxicity. In general, Se has a beneficial effect on plant growth and is an antioxidant enzyme of pepper cv. Suryankhi Cluster under Cd stress and non-stress conditions. 相似文献
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M. Kaplan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(2):237-244
Copper (Cu)‐containing fertilizers, fungicides, and bactericides has been used extensively in the greenhouses in the Antalya province in recent decades with the use of such materials tending to increase year by year. The level of DTPA‐extractable Cu was determined in 210 soils (0–20 and 20–40 cm depth) and 105 leaf samples obtained from 105 tomato greenhouses. The DTPA‐extractable Cu contents of the soils taken from the 0–20 depth ranged between 0.76 and 88.03 mg kg‐1 (mean 7.79 mg kg‐1). The percentage of soils containing DTPA‐extractable Cu greater than the critical toxicity level (20 mg kg‐1) was 8.1. The Cu content of tomato leaf samples ranged between 2.4 and 1,490 mg kg‐1 (mean 166.5 mg kg‐1). The Cu concentration in leaf samples was very high due to the intensive use of foliar applied Cu‐containing chemicals. As a consequence, 24.8% of the leaf tomato samples analyzed contained over 200 mg Cu kg‐1, the maximum accepted tolerance level. Therefore, it may be necessary to reduce the use of Cu‐containing pesticides and fertilizers, or at least reduce the amount of Cu‐containing fertilizers being used in those greenhouses where Cu‐containing pesticides have been or are being used. 相似文献
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红壤区不同肥力水稻土根际硝化作用特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过根际培养箱(三室)——速冻切片技术研究了红壤地区高、低两种肥力下水稻苗期根表、根际和土体土壤矿质态氮含量和硝化强度,以及水稻生长、氮素积累的差异。结果表明,肥力水平对水稻根表和根际土壤铵态氮(NH4+-N)含量无显著影响,但高肥力显著提高土体土壤NH4+-N含量,以及根表、根际和土体土壤硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及硝化强度。两种肥力水稻土硝化强度最大值均出现在距根表2 mm处,分别为0.20和0.31μmol kg-1 h-1。土体土壤硝化强度随距根表距离增加而降低,低肥力土壤在距根表10～40mm处时硝化强度接近本底值,而高肥力土壤在距根表20～40 mm处时接近本底值。与不种水稻的CK相比,种植水稻显著提高根际土壤硝化强度。高肥力能显著改善水稻生长,增加植株氮素积累量,尤其显著促进根系生长及通气组织发育。由于红壤稻田肥力水平的差异造成水稻根际硝化强度以及水稻吸收NO3-的差异,导致高肥条件下水稻显示出更强的生长势和氮素吸收利用能力。因此,合理提高红壤稻田肥力水平对改善红壤区水稻根际土壤硝化作用及水稻氮素营养具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Sandro Froehner Karina Scurupa Machado Elisa Stefen Marcelo Nolasco 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,219(1-4):591-599
The presence of sexual hormones (female estrogens) was assessed in sediments of a mangrove located in the urban region of southern Brazil. The estrogens are involved in human sexual reproduction. They act as the chemical messengers, and they are classified as natural and synthetic. The estrogens inputs in the environment are from treated and untreated sewage. The presence of estrogens in sewage is excretion from the female due to natural production and use of contraceptives (synthetic estrogens). With the indiscriminate release of sewage into the environment, estrogens can be found in rivers, lakes, and even in oceans. In this work, the presence of estrone (E1), 17-??-estradiol (E2), and 17-??-ethynilestradiol (EE2) in eight sedimentary stations in Itacorubi mangrove located on Santa Catarina Island, south Brazil, was investigated. Historically, the Itacorubi mangrove has been impacted by anthropogenic activities because the mangrove is inserted in the urban area of the Florianopolis. The estrogen EE2, used as contraceptive, had the highest concentration in mangrove sediment, 129.75?±?3.89 ng/g. E2 was also found, with its concentration ranging from 0.90?±?0.03 to 39.77?±?1.19 ng/g. Following the mechanism, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, E2 will first be oxidized to E1, which is further oxidized to unknown metabolites and finally to CO2 and water (mineralized). EE2 is oxidized to unknown metabolites and also finally mineralized. Theoretically, under anaerobic conditions, EE2 can be reduced to E1 even in environments such as mangrove which is essentially anaerobic. 相似文献
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自由基在鸡肾病发生中的作用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
肾病即急性肾小管坏死.鸡肾病在养鸡生产中极为常见,尤其近年来,鸡肾病的发生日益增多,由于其发生机制不清楚,临床治疗鸡肾病的依据不足,致使治疗效果不佳,为此,提出本研究以探讨鸡肾病的发生机制,为本病防治提供理论依据. 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15):1948-1959
Brazil is the largest producer of oranges (Citrus sinensis) in the world. The nutrient management of tree orchards is designed from experiments with a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition and tree demand. Compositional data analysis has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios with compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). We analyzed eleven nutrients: nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) in leaf tissue samples across 108 commercial plots (thirty-one grow Valencia, twenty-two Hamlim, twenty Pera, and thirty-five Natal). Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micronutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over Valencia was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. The nutrient profile of orange varieties could be classified into homogeneous groups to take advantage of fertilizer trials conducted on varieties of the same group. The Aitchison distance and a perturbation vector could be instrumental for diagnostic purposes and nutrient management. 相似文献
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Ohnishi H Iwanaga S Kawazoe K Ishizawa K Orino S Tomita S Tsuchiya K Kanematsu Y Harada N Mori K Tsuchihashi T Ishikawa Y Tamaki T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(21):10092-10098
This study investigated whether reducing agents such as quercetin and iron(II) facilitate formation of nitric oxide (NO) gas from orally ingested nitrite in an vivo study. When 3 mg/kg Na (15)NO2 was orally administered to rats with or without iron(II) or quercetin, Hb (15)NO, which is indicative of systemic (15)NO, was detected in the blood, with the maximum blood concentration of Hb (15)NO at 15 min after nitrite or nitrite plus quercetin treatment, whereas after administration of nitrite plus iron(II) or nitrite plus iron(II) and quercetin, the time was shortened to 10 min. Interestingly, iron(II), quercetin, or iron(II) plus quercetin did not affect the total amount of Hb (15)NO generated from orally administered Na (15)NO2. However, the systemic nitrite concentration was significantly decreased in the presence of iron(II) or iron(II) plus quercetin. These results may indicate that iron(II) is critical to the generation of NO gas from nitrite, whereas quercetin contributed little under the in vivo experimental conditions. 相似文献
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Role of aldehyde oxidase in the hepatic in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole in pigs 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The metabolism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylindolenine (HMI), a recently discovered metabolite of 3-methylindole (3MI, skatole) produced by porcine liver microsomes, was investigated in vitro using porcine liver cytosol. HMI was rapidly metabolized to a single product, 3-hydroxy-3-methyloxindole (HMOI), by porcine cytosol. By the use of the selective inhibitors menadione and quinacrine, it was shown that the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of HMI into HMOI was aldehyde oxidase (AO; aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.3.1). The activity of AO in the conversion of HMI to HMOI was measured in a population of pigs (n = 30) with a wide range of 3MI levels in back fat (0.07-0.30 mg/kg). AO activity was found to be negatively correlated (r = -0.70; P < 0.001) with the level of 3MI in fat. The results of the present study suggest that AO plays an important role in the metabolism of 3MI in the pig and that its catalytic activity is related to an adequate 3MI clearance. 相似文献
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Vélez G Fernández MA Muñoz J Williams PA English RJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(1):265-269
The influence of guar gum and xanthan gum on the creaming of 10% oil in water emulsions has been investigated. The presence of very low concentrations of the polysaccharides (typically < approximately 0.075%) was found to induce depletion flocculation of the emulsion droplets and increased the rate of creaming. However, at higher polysaccharide concentrations (typically > approximately 0.1%) the creaming rate was reduced due to the increased viscosity of the aqueous phase. For most systems a delay period was noted before creaming started, which was found to be dependent on the zero shear viscosity of the continuous phase and independent of polysaccharide type. The delay period increased significantly at zero shear viscosities approaching 1 Pa s. A mathematical model has been used to fit the creaming rate profiles and a simple exponential relationship obtained between delay time and polysaccharide concentration. 相似文献