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Joosen RV Lammers M Balk PA Brønnum P Konings MC Perks M Stattin E van Wordragen MF van der Geest AL 《Tree physiology》2006,26(10):1297-1313
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Seasonal changes in the transient expression of Beta-glucuronidase gene (GUS) driven by a constitutive 35S CaMV-promoter in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) buds were studied by the microprojectile DNA-delivery method. Buds were collected from 5-, 15- and 50-year-old trees. In buds from all age groups the amount of transient expression was dependent on the season; the highest values were found in March, and values were lowest both at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. Pretreatment with growth regulators increased both the amount of transient GUS expression and arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity in buds indicating an increase in metabolic activity. These results confirm that the genetic transformation technique can be used to study seasonally dependent regulation in mature Scots pine tissues. 相似文献
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四川穗状核桃雌花芽生长发育的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索穗状核桃雌花产生多花多果的现象,发掘四川核桃的特异种质资源,通过形态比较、石蜡切片和电镜扫描等方法,比较了穗状核桃优良资源的雌花芽生长发育特点。结果表明:(1)雌花芽着生方式分为呈聚生或散生,HSLH为串状结果,HSZML、CTYM和SQLG为穗状结果。(2)HSZML雌花芽、顶芽均为最大;SQLG雌花芽、顶芽均为最小。(3)3月上旬,雌花芽开始萌动,生长点顶端凸起,HSZML、CTYM和SQLG分化出不同方向的雌蕊原基;5月上旬,生长点向上生长,分化出多个叶原基,CTYM和SQLG顶端生长点逐渐伸长,形成雌花原基;7月下旬,CTYM和SQLG继续伸长生长;10月上旬,HSLH和SQLG已分化出4个雌花原基,HSZML和CTYM已分化出3个雌花原基。 相似文献
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通过对秦岭山区金银花不同季节采收时期试验分析,研究结果表明,金银花以采收二白期和大白期花蕾入药质量最佳;叶以花期即初生花蕾时至花末期采摘,叶中的绿原酸含量最高,为最佳采叶期;藤中绿原酸含量嫩枝高于老枝,建议修剪时,应修剪枝条上部为最好;同株金银花植物中,药效成分绿原酸含量为：花蕾〉叶〉嫩叶〉老枝。这些为金银花最佳采收期提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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2017年5-11月,通过田间观察13株八角,研究了广西南宁八角Illicium verum开花特性与规律。结果表明,八角花期集中在6-10月,6月开始大量抽蕾,7月中旬至9月中旬集中开放,之后开花量逐渐减少。抽蕾过程几乎贯穿整个花期,抽蕾以6-7月最多,8月较少,9-10月很少。不同年龄枝的着花量有显著差异(P<0.05),当年生枝着花量最多,其次是一年生枝,最少是老枝。花的生长发育期平均为31.20 d,其中花蕾期27.69 d,单株间差异显著(P<0.05),花瓣开放期3.51d,单株间差异不显著。同株同期抽出的花蕾,其花蕾期长度也普遍相差较大。花的结构特征变异较大。花萼2～4片,多数3片。花瓣6～16瓣,多数6～10瓣。雄蕊群10～26枚,多数10～18枚。雌蕊群的心皮5～13枚,以8枚常见。同株不同花朵之间,其萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮数量不一定相同。 相似文献
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氮磷钾配比施肥对油茶花芽生长及分化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给油茶高效栽培提供参考,选择8年生‘长林53号’油茶作为研究对象,按照3因素3水平L9(34)正交试验设计进行施肥试验,筛选最适油茶花芽分化及生长的施肥配比。施加的氮磷钾肥分别为尿素、钙镁磷肥、硫酸钾肥,其有效成分分别为有效氮(质量分数≥46.4%)、P2O5(质量分数≥12%)、K2O(质量分数≥51%)。结果表明:施加氮肥能显著促进花芽伸长,提高花芽分化率的最佳氮磷钾施肥量为N218.23g/株、P71.00g/株、K242.48g/株;在花芽生理分化期(前分化期),施肥处理显著提高了花芽中ABA和ZR含量,ABA和ZR含量与花芽分化率显著正相关;在花芽形态分化期,施肥处理下ABA含量呈现下降趋势,ZR、IAA和GA3含量呈现增加趋势,氮、磷、钾与多数形态分化期内源激素含量呈显著相关。施肥能促进花芽生长,并且通过影响花芽中内源激素含量来影响花芽分化。 相似文献
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Mônica Matoso Campanha Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos Gilberto Bernardo de Freitas Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez Silvana Lages Ribeiro Garcia Fernando Luiz Finger 《Agroforestry Systems》2004,63(1):75-82
This research compared coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) grown in an agroforestry and monoculture systems. Data were collected during two years, on vegetative growth, reproductive
development, nutritional status and yield of coffee, besides monitoring air temperature and the tree growth. All trees in
agroforestry system increased in growth, resulting in a reduction in the magnitude of the diurnal temperature variation and
also maximum temperature. Coffee plants in agroforestry system had less branch growth and leaf production, more persistent
and larger leaves, and presented earlier flowering, with a smaller number of productive nodes and flower buds, leading to
smaller berry yield than plants in monoculture system. In both systems, the coffee plants showed adequate leaf nutrient levels,
except for P and K. The yield of 2443 kg ha-1 of coffee from the monoculture was greater than 515 kg ha-1 of coffee from the agroforestry system. 相似文献
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为给大果榛子的规模引种提供参考,以‘龙榛’品种为材料,就叶芽和花芽萌动期其在冷害和不同光照强度条件下的生长状态进行分析。结果表明:枝条直径生长量方面,遮阴处理的平均值为5.26mm,未遮阴处理的平均值为7.91mm,未遮阴处理的大果榛子枝条直径与遮阴处理的存在极显著差异;芽长宽比方面,遮阴处理的平均值为1.61,未遮阴处理的平均值为1.49,2个处理间差异不显著。在遮阴处理下,大果榛子的营养生长(茎粗和叶芽大小)和生殖生长(花芽的萌发)均受到抑制,全光照条件下生长正常。冷害(≥2℃)并未对大果榛子萌发的叶芽和花芽造成低温伤害,光照强度对大果榛子生长影响显著。 相似文献
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为给调控观赏桃花花期提供理论依据,研究了不同质量浓度的水杨酸(SA)在开花过程中对照手桃Prunus persica‘Terutemomo’开花的影响。在照手桃花前期及花中期进行SA喷施,测定其花芽、花蕾及枝条的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量、C/N值及内源激素(GA、IAA、ZR、ABA)含量的动态变化。结果表明:2个时期SA各质量浓度处理使‘照手桃’的始花期推迟1~2 d,增强了开花过程中能量的储存,加快了可溶性蛋白的分解,增强了新陈代谢和激素活动,对开花有利。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2016,(3)
We evaluated the phenology and litterfall dynamics of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorrhiza(L.)Lamk along the Okukubi River, Okinawa Island, Japan.Over 3 years, this species showed the highest litterfall of leaves and stipules in summer and the lowest litterfall in winter. From Kendall's coefficient of concordance, the monthly changes in leaf, stipule, and branch were strongly and significantly concordant among years. Leaf and stipule litterfall could be governed by monthly maximum wind speed, monthly day length, and monthly mean air temperature. Branch litterfall depended on monthly maximum wind speed and monthly rainfall, and increased exponentially with increasing monthly maximum wind speed. Mean total litterfall was 11.8 Mg ha~(-1)yr~(-1), with the largest component being leaf litterfall(65.8 %). Annual leaf litterfall per plot was almost constant regardless of the tree density of the plot. Mean leaf longevity was 18 months.Flower and mature propagule litterfall might be influenced by monthly mean air temperature, monthly day length and monthly mean air temperature. The average development periods from flower buds to flowers and flower buds to mature propagules were 1 and 8 months, respectively.Except for leaf and branch, all vegetative and reproductive organ litterfall had clear annual cycles. B. gymnorrhiza showed a positive correlation between leaf production and reproductive organ production. 相似文献
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通过采用不同方法进行核桃座果率的试验,结果表明：花期喷磷酸氢铵和磷酸二氢钾、在萌芽期去除90%雄花芽,或在伸长期去除60%和90%雄花,可明显提高核桃的座果率,从而提高核桃的产量。 相似文献
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In Fagus, full-mast seeding years are invariably followed by at least one non-mast year. Both flower and leaf primordia develop during the summer within the same winter buds. Flower bud initiation occurs when the N content of developing seeds is increasing rapidly. We hypothesized that competition for nitrogen (N) between developing seeds and buds limits flower primordium formation in mast years and, hence, limits seed production in years following mast years. We tested this hypothesis in three Fagus crenata Blume forests at elevations of 550, 900 and 1500 m. Bud N concentration (N con), amount of N per bud (N bud) and dry mass per bud (DM) were compared between a mast year (2005) and the following non-mast year (2006), and between winter buds containing both leaf and flower primoridia (BF), which were formed during the non-mast year, and winter buds containing leaf primordia only (BL), which were formed in both mast and non-mast years. In addition, leaf numbers per shoot corresponding to the analyzed buds were counted, and the effect of masting on litter production was analyzed by quantifying the amounts of litter that fell in the years 2004 to 2007. The dry mass and N content of BF formed in 2006 by trees at both 550 and 1500 m were 2.1-3.4-fold higher than the corresponding amounts in BL, although the numbers of leaves per current-year shoot in 2007 that developed from the two bud types in the same individuals did not differ significantly. These results indicate that more N and carbohydrate are expended in producing BF than in producing BL. The amount of litter from reproductive organs produced in the mast year was similar to the amount of leaf litter at 900 and 1500 m, but three times as much at 550 m. Leaf numbers per shoot were significantly lower at all elevations in the mast year than in the non-mast years (and the amount of leaf litter at 550 and 1500 m tended to be lower in the mast year than in the non-mast years. In conclusion, preferential allocation of resources to seeds in the mast year reduced the availability of resources for flower primordium formation, and this may have accounted for the poor seed production in the following non-mast year. 相似文献
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Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden takes at least five years to initiate flower buds from seed and is an infrequent and light flowerer. Because this behavior constitutes a major impediment to breeding programs, we examined the mechanisms controlling floral induction in E. nitens, with the long-term aim of reducing generation time and increasing seed yield. Application of paclobutrazol reduced the concentration of endogenous gibberellic acid (GA) in apical tissue and enhanced the reproductive activity of grafted trees maintained outside over winter in Canberra, Australia. Grafts maintained in a warm greenhouse over winter did not produce flower buds, despite the paclobutrazol-induced reduction in GA concentration of the apical tissue. Exposing untreated grafts, which had been maintained over winter in a warm greenhouse, to low temperature the following spring reduced growth but did not induce flower bud production. Addition of GA(3) to paclobutrazol-treated grafts reduced the effect of paclobutrazol on reproductive activity. 相似文献
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Beritognolo I Magel E Abdel-Latif A Charpentier JP Jay-Allemand C Breton C 《Tree physiology》2002,22(5):291-300
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During the late rainy season in October 1997 we observed. over a range of >100 km, the highly synchronous emergence of flower buds in several deciduous tree species of the semi-deciduous tropical forest in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Synchronous flowering soon after the rapid decline in day length around the September equinox and in the absence of any notable climatic cues suggested flower induction by declining photoperiod. By combining field observations and the analysis of flowering herbarium collections, we established highly synchronous flowering periods with low interannual and latitudinal variation predicted for photoperiodic flower induction for more than 25 tree species and a few herbs. We describe morphogenetic changes at the shoot apex of three species during flower induction and the suppression and induction of flowering in several herbaceous species by experimental daylight extension. The combined observations provide strong, mainly indirect evidence for photoperiodic induction of flowering in many tropical tree species. At low latitudes with annual variation in day length of 1 hour, flower induction must be caused by a decline in photoperiod of 30 min or less. This is the first report of photoperiodic control of flowering in trees. 相似文献
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