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1.
利用盆栽油菜的二因素完全随机区组设计,研究了北方石灰性土壤上施用不同解磷菌群对土壤速效养分及土壤磷酸酶、脲酶活性的影响。结果表明:不同解磷菌群施入不同P素水平土壤中,油菜整个生育期内都能不同程度地提高土壤速效养分和土壤酶活性;土壤磷酸酶活性则随P素水平增高而降低,即低P水平下磷酸酶活性较强;施用菌肥土壤磷酸酶活性高于不施用菌肥处理,施与不施菌肥处理间脲酶活性在苗期及低P水平下差异显著。 相似文献
2.
不同施肥处理对西北半干旱区土壤酶活性的影响及其动态变化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
在氮磷总用量一定的前提下,对春小麦不同生育期土壤酶活性的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,在小麦生育期,休闲处理中转化酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性高于其它处理;施肥对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响较小;有机肥在增加土壤转化酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性方面可以同样发挥无机肥的作用,秸秆或者秸秆与氮磷配合施用可以提高土壤转化酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性,羊粪在增加表层土壤脲酶活性方面优于秸秆。在小麦生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化不同。各处理中过氧化氢酶、转化酶和脲酶活性分别在灌浆期或者收获期、收获期和分蘖期出现高峰,而碱性磷酸酶活性则在苗期或者灌浆期活性最高。 相似文献
3.
养殖虎纹蛙稻田土壤酶活性及主要养分含量特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明稻蛙种养对稻田主要土壤酶活性及养分含量的影响,本研究测定了稻田中套养虎纹蛙后不同种养殖时期稻田土壤酶活性及主要养分(N、P和K)含量的变化,并以施用化肥的稻田为对照。结果表明,在虎纹蛙养殖10~90 d内,试验田的过氧化氢酶活性持续下降,而脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶活性均持续增加;对照田的过氧化氢酶活性则呈先上升后下降的趋势,而脲酶活性不断下降;在试验田和对照田中,转化酶均呈先升后降的趋势,脱氢酶活性均持续增加;碱性磷酸酶活性均持续下降。在虎纹蛙养殖前10 d到养殖后60 d,试验田与对照田的碱性磷酸酶活性均呈下降的趋势,且两者间无显著性差异(P0.05),只有在养殖90 d后,试验田的碱性磷酸酶活性明显增加且显著高于对照田(P0.05);在虎纹蛙养殖10~60 d内,试验田的总N、P和K含量均显著低于对照田(P0.05),90 d后才显著高于对照田(P0.05);同时,在虎纹蛙养殖前60 d,试验田的多种土壤酶活性和主要养分含量均显著低于对照田(P0.05)。由此可知,只有在虎纹蛙养殖90 d后,随着蛙粪积累增多,土壤酶活性和主要养分才得到显著提高,增加了试验田养分的供给。本研究结果为稻蛙种养的养分管理提供了新的理论指导。 相似文献
4.
秸秆施用下接种蚯蚓对农田土壤微生物特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在连续6年稻麦轮作系统中，研究不同秸秆施用方式下接种蚯蚓对土壤微生物生物量、活性（基础呼吸）及群落功能多样性（BIOLOG单一碳源利用指纹方法）的影响，试验设5个处理：对照（CK）、秸秆表施（M）、秸秆混施（I）、秸秆表施且接种蚯蚓（ME）、秸秆混施且接种蚯蚓（IE）。不同秸秆施用下接种蚯蚓均对土壤微生物生物量、微生物生物活性和群落碳源利用能力产生显著影响：两种秸秆施用方式下接种蚯蚓均增加微生物生物量；秸秆表施并接种蚯蚓导致微生物活性、碳源利用丰富度和多样性指数均降低，而在秸秆混施下则均升高；BIOLOG碳源利用分析结果表明在秸秆施用下接种蚯蚓后土壤的微生物群落组成发生明显变化。 相似文献
5.
接种蚯蚓对加入不同植物残体土壤微生物特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内试验,研究不同类型土壤和植物残体施用下接种蚯蚓对土壤微生物群落组成及活性的影响,为将蚯蚓引入农田及水土流失区提供理论依据。供试土壤为黏粒含量较低的灰潮土和黏粒含量较高的典型红壤,供试植物残体为高碳氮比的玉米秸秆和低碳氮比的三叶草,供试蚯蚓为体型较大的威廉腔环蚓(Metaphire guillelmi)。结果表明:接种蚯蚓对微生物量碳(MBC)无显著影响;不同土壤无论是否施用植物残体,接种蚯蚓均使土壤基础呼吸(BR)显著增大,尤其是不施用植物残体时;两种土壤中不施用植物残体和施用三叶草时,接种蚯蚓均使代谢熵(qCO2)增大,而施用玉米秸秆接种蚯蚓使qCO2有下降趋势。Biolog孔平均颜色变化(AWCD)在接种蚯蚓时均增大,基质利用丰富度(S)和多样性指数(H)也增大,且未施用秸秆时的变化较为明显;主成分分析(PCA)表明接种蚯蚓后土壤微生物群落组成与结构发生了明显变化。土壤微生物群落特性变化受蚯蚓、土壤及植物残体间交互作用的影响。 相似文献
6.
蚯蚓活动和秸秆施用方式对土壤生物学性质的动态影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实验室短期培养研究接种蚯蚓和有机物不同施用方式(混施与表施)对土壤微生物类群、土壤微生物量以及呼吸强度等土壤生物学性质的影响。结果表明,接种蚯蚓对土壤可培养酵母菌、细菌数量和土壤底物诱导呼吸强度有明显促进作用。最高增幅分别达到相应未接种蚯蚓处理的5.18,8.88,2.50倍。蚯蚓活动对土壤微生物量及真菌数量的影响受到秸秆施用的影响:在混施和不施秸秆的处理(SRME、SE)中显著抑制丝状真菌数量;在混施秸秆处理中蚯蚓活动降低了SMBC含量。秸秆的施用方式对土壤微生物性状也有较大影响。混施秸秆处理中,土壤酵母菌、细菌数量、土壤微生物量和土壤呼吸强度增加也最为明显,而丝状真菌数量的增加幅度却不如表施秸秆处理。各处理土壤微生物量碳随时间变化趋势比较一致,呈现先降(第4周)后增的变化趋势,其他测定项目没有一致的随时间变化的规律。方差分析表明秸秆施用对土壤微生物量氮和可培养微生物数量变化的贡献最大,分别达到96.5%(SMBN)、77.9%(细菌)、69.4%(酵母菌)和85.3%(丝状真菌)。并且时间、秸秆和蚯蚓因子间存在强烈交互作用。 相似文献
7.
土壤酶活性对土壤中土霉素的动态响应 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用室内培养试验研究了土霉素（OTC）对土壤过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,在整个培养期间,土霉素对土壤过氧化氢酶和土壤磷酸酶活性具有明显的抑制作用;对土壤蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性在培养前期具有轻微的抑制作用,但培养后期（培养第112 d）具有较强的抑制作用;而对土壤脲酶活性的影响则相反,在培养第1 d,OTC 100 mg/kg处理对脲酶具有显著的刺激作用,以后土霉素对脲酶活性影响不明显。土壤过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶对土霉素污染响应比土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶更敏感,因而可以表征土壤受土霉素的污染程度。 相似文献
8.
接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫对红壤性状及花生产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过温室花生盆栽试验研究了接种有益土壤动物(蚯蚓和食细菌线虫)对旱地红壤生物学性质(微生物生物量碳氮、基础呼吸、微生物熵、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性)、土壤速效养分(碱解氮和速效磷)及花生产量的影响.试验包含4个处理:不接种处理(CK)、仅接种蚯蚓(E)、仅接种食细菌线虫(N)、联合接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫(EN).结果表明:①蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均提高了土壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量,线虫对微生物生物量碳的贡献大于蚯蚓.②除花生成熟期的接种蚯蚓处理外,接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫后土壤基础呼吸均有所增加,且食细菌线虫的影响也大于蚯蚓.③除花生结荚期无显著性差异外,蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均极显著提高了土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性(P＜0.05).④蚯蚓和食细菌线虫均能增加土壤速效磷和碱解氮含量.⑤接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫后花生产量的增幅为17％～ 20％.总之,在4个花生生长时期,相对于不接种的对照处理,接种蚯蚓和食细菌线虫能明显改善红壤性状并最终提高花生产量. 相似文献
9.
采用室内模拟培养的方法,研究了不同用量(2%,4%)转抗线虫基因番茄秸秆和普通番茄秸秆分解对土壤酶活性及微生物量碳的影响。结果表明:与普通番茄秸秆相比,添加低量(2%)秸秆,23d前,抗线虫处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高,9d时土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高,23d时则显著降低,23d后,土壤微生物量碳含量显著提高。添加高量(4%)秸秆,4d时抗线虫处理土壤脲酶活性显著提高,91d时则显著降低,9d时,土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高,23d,42d时则显著降低,9d,23d时,抗线虫处理土壤微生物量碳含量显著提高。抗线虫处理与普通处理间土壤蔗糖酶活性的差异在秸秆添加量为2%和4%时都不显著。 相似文献
10.
通过现场采样及室内分析方法,研究了Cd、Pb严重污染的土壤中蛋白酶、酸性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性的变化及其与土壤Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn含量和土壤基本性质之间的关系。通径分析表明,影响蛋白酶活性主要直接因素为土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Zn、砂粒和黏粒,其中土壤有效Zn刺激了酶活性而土壤有效Cd抑制了酶活性;影响酸性磷酸酶活性主要直接因素为碱解氮、速效磷、pH值,土壤有效Cu、土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Pb、土壤有效Zn对酸性磷酸酶的直接影响较小;影响脱氢酶活性主要直接因素为土壤有效Cd、土壤有效Zn、土壤速效钾,其中土壤有效Cd抑制了酶活性而土壤有效Zn刺激了酶活性。总体而言,4种重金属有效态对酶活性毒性大小依次为：Cd〉Cu〉Pb〉Zn。综合简单相关分析结果可知,总体上Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn复合污染刺激了蛋白酶活性,抑制了脱氢酶活性,对酸性磷酸酶活性影响不大,脱氢酶可作为上述土壤重金属复合污染的指标。3种土壤酶活性变化是重金属与土壤理化性质综合作用的结果。 相似文献
11.
克螟稻秸秆cry1Ab基因表达产物对土壤生物学活性的影响 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过实验室条件下的秸秆还土试验 ,比较了转基因克螟稻及其亲本稻秸秆对土壤各微生物生理群的数量、土壤酶活性以及土壤呼吸强度的影响差异。与亲本对照相比 ,转基因克螟稻秸秆的添加对土壤好氧性细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量没有显著性影响 ;土壤氨化细菌、自生固氮菌和纤维素降解菌的数量在培养中期有些差异 ,但差异并不持续 ;对土壤蛋白酶、中性磷酸酶、脲酶和土壤呼吸强度没有显著性影响 ;土壤脱氢酶对转基因克螟稻秸秆的添加极其敏感。转基因克螟稻秸秆处理土壤中脱氢酶的活性在培养的前 9周明显地高于非转基因秸秆处理土壤 (p <0 0 5 )。尽管如此 ,培养 63d后 ,两种秸秆处理土壤脱氢酶活性差异逐渐消失。试验结果表明 ,转Bt基因克螟稻秸秆中的cry1Ab蛋白对土壤可培养的微生物没有明显的毒害作用 相似文献
12.
Jun Tao Bryan Griffiths Shujie Zhang Xiaoyun Chen Manqiang Liu Feng Hu Huixin Li 《Applied soil ecology》2009,42(3):221-226
The effect of earthworms on soil hydrolases (protease, urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase) and dehydrogenase activities was investigated in maize residue amended rice–wheat rotation agro-ecosystem. Experimental plots in the rotation had five treatments, i.e. incorporation or mulching of maize residues with or without added earthworms and an untreated control. The application of maize residues to soil without earthworms significantly enhanced the five soil enzyme activities compared with the control treatment during rice and wheat cultivation. The presence of earthworms further significantly enhanced protease activity in the soils with both incorporated and mulched maize residues during two cultivation seasons, but only significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil with incorporated maize residue during the rice cultivation season. Invertase activity was significantly enhanced by the presence of earthworms in the soil with maize residue incorporation during two cultivation seasons. There were no changes in dehydrogenase activity when earthworms were present. Additionally, the five enzyme activities in earthworm casts were significant higher than those in the surrounding soil, especially dehydrogenase and invertase activities. Whatever the treatment, the values obtained for the enzyme activities in both soil and casts, except for dehydrogenase activity in earthworm casts, were significantly higher under wheat than those in rice-cultivated soil. These results indicate that the presence of earthworms strongly affected soil enzyme activities, depending on the method of organic residue application, and the enhanced enzyme activities of earthworm casts probably contributed to the surrounding soil enzyme activities. 相似文献
13.
田间条件下不同促腐菌对水稻秸秆腐解及胞外酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
14.
转Bt基因“克螟稻”秸秆还田对稻田厌氧微生物种群和酶活性的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
采用改良亨盖特技术,通过最大或然数法(mostprobablenumber,MPN法)及固体滚管法,系统研究了转Bt基因克螟稻秸秆对淹水条件下稻田土壤厌氧微生物种群的影响;同时采用比色法,研究其对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,克螟稻秸秆对水田土壤反硝化细菌和产甲烷细菌种群有显著的抑制作用(p0.05);对厌氧发酵细菌种群有显著的刺激作用(P0.05);而对厌氧固氮细菌种群有刺激作用但差异未达到显著水平(p0.05)。克螟稻秸秆还田在短期内可显著提高土壤纤维素酶、磷酸酶活性(p0.05),但对脱氢酶活性有明显抑制作用(p0.05)。 相似文献
15.
Yoshinari Enami Seigo Okano Hiroshi Yada Yoshio Nakamura 《European Journal of Soil Biology》2001,37(4):269
The earthworm Pheretima hilgendorfi, one of the most common anecic species in Japan, abounds in soils with applied rice-straw residues. The influences of the worm’s activity and/or those of rice-straw application on the soil microbial community structure were studied using a microcosm approach. Low Humic Andosol was incubated with or without earthworms in a jar for a month after the following treatments: 1) no treatment, 2) chopped rice straw top-dressed on the soil and 3) rice straw incorporated into the soil. The soil NO3–-N level increased with the earthworms’ presence even in the soil without rice straw. The soil NH4+-N level was by far the highest in the soil treated with worms and no rice straw. Amounts of total and bacterial PLFAs increased due to the earthworms’ presence when rice straw was incorporated. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased in the earthworm treatment while the saturated fatty acids decreased, suggesting an increase in the Gram-negative bacterial proportion. The results of principal component analysis indicated that the rice straw and the earthworms affected the soil microbial community structure independently. Any direct influence of the PLFAs contained in the worms’ bodies and in the rice straw on the soil’s PLFA profile was thought to be small. 相似文献
16.
Bt-transgenic rice straw affects the culturable microbiota and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in a flooded paddy soil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
There have been few investigations of the possible effects of genetically engineered plants on the microbiota and enzyme activities in flooded soil. We studied the influence of the transgenic rice KeMingDao (KMD) straw on the culturable microbiota and enzymatic activities in a flooded paddy soil under laboratory conditions. KMD contained a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter and linked in tandem with the gusA and hpt genes. The results showed that there were only some occasional significant differences (P<0.05) in the number of Colony forming units of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and in the number of anaerobic fermentative bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria, and methanogenic bacteria between the paddy soil amended with Bt-transgenic rice straw and with the non-Bt parental rice straw during the early stages of incubation. From d14 to d84 there were significant increases (P<0.05) in soil dehydrogenase and soil neutral phosphatase activity in soils amended with rice straw compared to soil without added straw. The dehydrogenase activity was significantly greatly (almost 1.95-fold) in soil amended with Bt-transgenic straw from d7 to d14 but from d21 to d49 there was significantly greater activity (about 1.47-fold) in the soil amended with non-Bt-straw. There were no apparent differences between the activity of soil neutral phosphatase in the soils to which non-Bt-straw and Bt-straw had been added. However, both soils to which rice straws were added demonstrated significant differences in the number of microorganisms except for aerobic bacteria and enzymatic activities with respect to the control soil throughout the incubation. The above results indicated that the Bt-straw from KMD transgenic rice is not toxic to a variety of culturable microorganisms in the studied flooded paddy soil. 相似文献
17.
施用稻草对酸性红壤活性铝的动态影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酸性红壤区土壤活性铝含量的变化,对作物生长有重要影响。通过室内培养试验研究了施用不等量稻草对酸性红壤水溶性有机碳、pH值和土壤交换性铝和有机络合态铝的动态变化。结果表明,土壤水溶性有机碳在第一天达到最大值,之后开始下降直至趋于平衡。土壤pH值在前10天内快速提高,添加的稻草量越大,提高的幅度也越大,之后缓慢下降至第30天渐趋平衡;土壤交换性铝则是先降低,10天后逐渐增加至稳定状态。有机络合态铝在可溶性有机碳和有机酸等小分子化合物的联合作用下,先增加而后降低。在稻草分解的前10天,土壤水溶性碳、小分子化合物和土壤pH值对铝形态的影响均较大,而到实验后期,土壤pH值发挥着主导作用。 相似文献
18.
Silicon (Si) reduces arsenic (As) levels in rice shoot and grain. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of Si application to three rice paddy soils on the dynamics of Si, iron (Fe), phosphorus (P), and As in the soil solution, As accumulation in rice straw, flag leaf, husk, brown rice, and polished rice, and on As speciation in polished rice. Silicon application to soil increased the concentrations of Si, Fe, As, and P in the soil solution, while the redox potential was unaffected. Arsenic concentrations of straw, flag leaf, and husk were reduced by half by Si application, while As concentrations of brown and polished rice were decreased by 22%. The main As species in polished rice was arsenite, As(III), with a fraction of 70%, followed by dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenate, As(V), with 24% and 6%, respectively. Silicon application to the soil did not affect DMA or As(V) concentration of polished rice, while the As(III) concentration was reduced by 33%. These results confirm that Si reduces As(III) uptake and translocation into the shoot. Furthermore, data indicate that decrease of As concentration of polished rice is due to decreased As(III) transport into grain. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
19.
选取华南地区广泛种植的杂交水稻品种“培杂泰丰”,利用外源添加砷（50 mg·kg-1）的土壤盆栽试验,研究不同施用量的磷硅肥对水稻生长特性和砷积累的影响。结果表明,施用磷硅肥的处理,水稻糙米中砷含量为0.504~0.586 mg·kg-1,低于农业部颁布的粮食中砷限量标准（NY 861—2004）中大米砷限值。相关性分析表明,水稻糙米砷含量与水稻植株的生物量、稻谷千粒重和秸秆中硅/砷摩尔比呈显著负相关,与秸秆中磷/砷摩尔比呈极显著负相关;糙米的砷含量随磷、硅肥的施加而降低。综合分析表明,在华南地区同类中度砷污染土壤中可有效控制砷向水稻籽粒运输累积的磷、硅肥最优施加量及配比为40 mg P·kg-1土、50 mg Si·kg-1土。 相似文献
20.
Abstract The effect of the addition of bromacil (pesticide) or/and a sewage sludge on the urease, phosphatase and dehydrogenase activities of soil was studied. Urease and phosphatase activities increased initially with the addition of bromacil. This effect disappeared after 28 d of soil incubation. The increase in the urease and phosphatase activities caused by the addition of sewage sludge was more pronounced than that of bromacil. The combined addition of sewage sludge and bromacil also led to an increase in the activity of both hydrolases. Dehydrogenase activity was affected negatively by the addition of bromacil and positively by the sewage sludge addition. When sewage sludge and bromacil were added simultaneously, dehydrogenase activity was higher than when sewage sludge alone was added. 相似文献