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甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累模型与特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以甬优籼粳杂交稻甬优1538和甬优7176为试材,常规粳稻宁粳3号和武运粳24,杂交籼稻扬两优6号和两优培九为对照,研究甬优籼粳杂交稻花后干物质积累特征及比较不同类型品种花后干物质积累特征差异。结果表明: (1)两年中甬优籼粳杂交稻的平均产量为11.5 t hm-2 (11.3~11.7 t hm-2),较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高7.8%和10.4% (两年平均值)。甬优籼粳杂交稻抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量为8.9 t hm-2,较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高19.1%和26.9%(两年平均值)。(2)不同类型品种花后干物质积累量与花后天数(抽穗当天为0 d)均可用Richards方程拟合(R2均大于0.990);各品种花后干物重积累速率均呈先平缓增加后下降的趋势,花后最大干物重积累速率和平均干物重积累速率呈杂交籼稻>常规粳稻>籼粳杂交稻,籼粳杂交稻达最大干物重积累速率的时间大致在花后42~44 d,常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则在花后26~28 d;籼粳杂交稻在花后渐增期天数和干物质积累量显著高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻,渐增期干物重积累速率以杂交籼稻最高。常规粳稻在花后快增期和花后缓增期天数和干物质积累量均显著高于籼粳杂交稻和杂交籼稻,快增期和缓增期干物重积累速率则以杂交籼稻最高。本研究表明甬优籼粳杂交稻花后较强的干物质积累优势主要体现在花后渐增期,而花后渐增期较强的干物质积累能力主要在于其较长的渐增期持续天数。 相似文献
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甬优籼粳杂交稻栽后地上部干物质积累动态与特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2015—2016年,以甬优籼粳杂交稻(甬优1540和甬优4540,全生育期天数169~171 d),常规粳稻(镇稻13号和武运粳30,全生育期天数159~160 d)和杂交籼稻(两优培九和扬两优6号,全生育期天数140~141 d)为试材,比较分析不同类型品种栽后地上部干物质积累特征及其差异。甬优籼粳杂交稻2年平均产量为12.4 t hm^–2,较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别增产7.8%和23.3%,差异显著。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优籼粳杂交稻穗数、结实率和千粒重较低,每穗粒数则较高;籼粳杂交稻成熟期干物质积累量较高,收获指数较低。成熟期茎鞘和叶部干物重及其所占比例均呈籼粳杂交稻>常规粳稻>杂交籼稻;穗部干物重以籼粳杂交稻最高、杂交籼稻最低,穗部干重所占比例则呈相反趋势。甬优籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻栽后地上部干物质积累动态均以Gompertz方程拟合效果较好。不同类型品种栽后地上部干物质积累速率均呈先升后降的单峰曲线变化趋势,籼粳杂交稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻最大干物质积累速率出现的时间分别在栽后61~62、64~66和63~64 d。籼粳杂交稻栽后最大干物质积累速率较常规粳稻和杂交籼稻分别高17.7%和17.3%。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻在渐增期、快增期和缓增期阶段平均干物质积累速率均较高;渐增期和快增期阶段的干物质积累天数较低,缓增期阶段的干物质积累天数则较高。籼粳杂交稻在渐增期、快增期和缓增期阶段的干物质积累量均高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。本研究建立了符合不同类型水稻栽后地上部干物质积累动态特征的Gompertz方程;与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻在渐增期、快增期和缓增期阶段的干物质积累量均具优势,渐增期和快增期较高的干物质积累量主要由于此阶段较高的干物质积累速率,缓增期较高的干物质积累量是由于较高的干物质积累天数和积累速率。 相似文献
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Tian-Yao MENG Jia-Lin GE Xu-Bin ZHANG Huan-He WEI Yu LU Xin-Yue LI Yuan TAO En-Hao DING Gui-Sheng ZHOU Qi-Gen DAI 《作物学报》2020,46(5):798-806
旨在定量描述甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素养分积累动态变化,基于模型分析方法从氮素营养层面阐明甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻高产形成机制。2015—2016年,以甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻甬优2640和甬优1640、常规粳稻扬粳4038和扬粳4227、杂交籼稻新两优6380和扬两优6号为试材,比较研究其栽后植株氮素积累特征差异。籼粳杂交稻两年平均产量达11.65 t hm~(–2),显著高于常规粳稻(10.74 t hm~(–2))和杂交籼稻(10.01 t hm~(–2))。成熟期植株氮素吸收量和百千克籽粒吸氮量亦高于常规粳稻和杂交籼稻。成熟期植株各器官氮素吸收量及其所占比例,籼粳杂交稻以穗部最多,叶片其次,茎鞘最少;常规粳稻和杂交籼稻则均以穗部最多,茎鞘其次,叶片最少。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻成熟期叶片氮素吸收量占植株总吸氮量的比例较高,穗部氮素吸收量所占比例则较低。不同类型品种栽后植株氮素积累动态均以Gompertz方程拟合效果较好,拟合系数一般在0.995左右。与常规粳稻和杂交籼稻相比,甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻在各阶段氮素积累量均具优势,在快增期是由于其较高的持续天数和氮素积累速率,渐增期和缓增期是由于其较高的氮素积累速率。本文提出了符合不同类型水稻栽后植株群体氮素积累动态变化特征的Gompertz模型,并采用该模型分析了甬优中熟籼粳杂交稻栽后植株氮素积累优势。 相似文献
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将同一批桔梗种子经过不同时间的超干处理,然后经过回湿处理、老化处理,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活力以及种子浸出液电导率,研究超干处理对种子生理生化特性的影响。结果表明随着超干处理时间的增加,桔梗种子含水量逐渐降低,与自然含水量对照种子相比,经老化处理后超干种子的各项生理指标保持了较高水平,发芽势、发芽指数分别高于对照3-5%、9.6-21.4%,回湿后种子浸出液电导率降低7.3-28.2%,膜系统完好程度高于对照,丙二醛含量低于对照10.3-66.1%,过氧化物酶活性高于对照10.5-40.7%,耐贮性显著提高。结论：南桔梗种子超干贮藏最适合水分应在3.06%左右。 相似文献
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浸种时间和温度对不同类型水稻品种种子吸水与萌发的影响 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
采用早籼稻、晚粳稻和杂交稻不同类型水稻品种和组合，研究了不同浸种温度和时间对种子吸水速率、吸水率、发芽率的影响。结果表明：3个品种都是浸种早期特别是浸种前6h吸水快，后期慢。早籼稻比晚粳稻和杂交稻的吸水率高出约10％。不同类型品种中早21和秀水63种子吸水率达30％时即可正常发芽，协优9308种子吸水率为18％即可发芽。因此达到正常发芽率的浸种时间存在差异，中早21为24h，秀水63为48h，而协优9308只需6h。 相似文献
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超低含水量的花生种子贮藏研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验以花生种子为材料,硅胶作干燥剂,超干后的花生种子含水量为3％,2％,1％,分别密封贮于O℃,室温,45℃。结果表明:超干后立即发芽,各级超低含水量种子生活力与原始含水量的生活力没有明显差异,种子在室内回湿后发芽,各级超低含水量种子生活力与原始的亦无明显差异,超干燥至1％水分,花生种子无干燥损伤。回湿后的活力指数比不回湿的高,回湿可以提高超低含水量的种子活力。贮存10,20,30个月后测定生活力表明:最耐贮存寿命最长的是2％含水量的种子,耐贮程度排列次序是2％>3％>1％>4.4％。花生种子超低含水量的临界水分是2％,室温贮存的种子最佳含水量3％～2％,0℃贮存的种子最佳含水量4.4％～3％。 相似文献
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种子超干贮藏研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
超干贮藏是一种新兴的种子贮藏方式。超干处理有利于种子细胞膜结构和功能的稳定,保持遗传物质和细胞超微结构的完整,自由基清除系统活性高,自由基含量较低,脂质过氧化作用受到抑制,从而提高了种子的耐贮性。种子超干最适含水量受多种因素影响,与种子内蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的合成和积累以及贮藏温度相关。不同种子超干处理的效果差别很大,其适宜的超干处理方法也不尽相同。 相似文献
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《中国农学通报》2016,(34)
为了解决南桔梗种子贮藏期间生活力不断下降的问题,将同一批南桔梗种子经过不同时间的超干处理,再经过回湿处理、老化处理,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活力以及种子浸出液电导率,研究超干处理对种子生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,随着超干处理时间的增加,桔梗种子含水量逐渐降低,与自然含水量对照种子相比,经老化处理后超干种子的各项生理指标保持了较高水平,发芽势、发芽指数分别高于对照3%~5%、9.6%~21.4%,回湿后种子浸出液电导率降低7.3%~28.2%,膜系统完好程度高于对照,丙二醛含量低于对照10.3%~66.1%,过氧化物酶活性高于对照10.5%~40.7%,耐贮性显著提高。研究认为,南桔梗种子超干贮藏最适合水分应在3.06%左右。 相似文献
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A field study was conducted to examine the competition of barnyardgrass with various rice varieties and its effect on propanil effectiveness. Six rice varieties, Ispaniki A', Strymonas and Roxani (Japonica type) and Rea, Skybonnet and Blue belle (Indica type), were grown in a silty loam soil, in 1994 and 1995. The varieties had different 1000 seed weights, which varied from 24 to 40 g. The herbicide propanil was applied at the four-leaf stage of barnyardgrass on half the plot area. Japonica type varieties emerged earlier and had lower numbers of barnyardgrass plants compared to Indica varieties. The time of seedling emergence was significantly and negatively correlated with the seed weight and positively with the number of barnyardgrass plants. The delayed establishment of Indica type varieties favoured rapid barnyardgrass growth at the early stages and resulted in lower effectiveness of propanil, compared to Japonica type varieties. Thus, in controlling barnyardgrass in rice fields it is necessary to take into account the variety grown in order to reduce production costs and the pollution risk to the environment. 相似文献
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16个水稻品种稻米贮藏蛋白组分比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取16个水稻品种,其中包括籼稻品种4个(9311、明恢63、轮回422、kasalath)、粳型三系恢复系水稻品种4个(湘晴、C2、C9、C15)以及8个粳型常规稻、三系保持系或两系恢复系水稻(日本晴、越光、武香075、上师4号、寒丰、秀水09、嘉花1号、优丰),采用不连续的SDS-PAGE电泳分析16种水稻糙米和精米种子贮藏蛋白组分。各种水稻能够显示清晰的蛋白组分条带主要有:谷蛋白37~39 kD酸性亚基、22~23 kD碱性亚基、谷蛋白57 kD前体多肽和13 kD醇溶蛋白多肽。通过对不同水稻品种蛋白组分的分析,筛选到谷蛋白含量相对较高的籼稻和粳型材料。开展本试验可为今后利用杂交方法培育高谷蛋白常规水稻以及高谷蛋白杂交稻组合研究中的亲本选择提供参考。 相似文献
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The Indica‐Japonica differentiation of three photoperiod‐sensitive and/or thermosensitive genetic male‐sterile rice (PGMS or TGMS, respectively) lines and 47 male parental lines from seven ecotypes were studied for their restriction fragment length polymorphism marker data to determine which ecotype crosses with the three PGMS and/or TGMS lines could lead to higher yield potential, and to estimate the relationship between the Indica‐Japonica differentiation of parents and heterosis in grain yield and its components. The results indicated that hybrids derived from ‘N422s’ and the early‐middle ripening Indica varieties from southern China, and hybrids between ‘Pei'ai64s’ and three Japonica ecotypes, including North‐eastern Japonica varieties, restoring lines of Japonica hybrid rice and north China Japonica varieties, showed the highest grain yields. There was less variation of yield among the F1s between ‘108s’ and the seven ecotypes than among the other F1s. Highly significant positive correlations between heterosis of the F1 yield and genetic distance of the parents were detected, although the correlation between F1 yield performance and genetic distance did not reach a significant level. Considerable variation of correlation between heterosis and genetic distance was also detected in the Indica × Indica crosses and Indica × Japonica crosses. There was much higher correlation (r = 0.63) between the F1 yield performance and the genetic distance of parents in the Indica × Indica crosses than in the others. It is proposed that a genetic distance of 0.4‐0.8 between the two parents of hybrid rice might be appropriate not only for F1 performance, but also for heterosis. 相似文献
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Using eight morphological parameters with six cluster analysis methods, a set of 21 traditional and four improved Philippine upland rice cultivars (cvs) could be separated into five groups: (1) improved semi-dwarf plant type, (2) improved or 'moderately modified' (short) Indica plant type, (3) traditional tall Indica plant type, (4) traditional tall Japonica plant type and (5) traditional short Japonica plant type. The results emphasized the importance of the separation into Indica and Japonica plant types, but the cultivars could be classified more accurately using growth characteristics such as tillering ability, followed by plant height and leaf area parameters. The clusters containing Indica cvs consistently showed a higher tiller number per plant, a higher growth stage (DC classification) and narrower leaves than clusters with Japonica cvs. The parameters culm length, plant height, leaf area, leaf length and width were represented in subgroups with both long and short expression of the respective characteristic. Use of the existing variability of morphological traits within the group of traditional upland rice cvs should be beneficial in recommendation, breeding, selection and development of upland rice cvs for the different rice ecosystems as well as for the upland rice/rice blast pathosystem. 相似文献
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以籼粳稻杂交F2代群体(七山占/秋光)为供试材料,2010年分别在广东省与辽宁省同年种植,研究籼粳亚种属性和经济性状的分化规律以及两者之间的相互关系.结果表明,广东和辽宁2个生态地区群体,亚种特性呈相似正态分布,未出现偏分现象,说明在F2群体中遗传重组对群体的作用呈主导性.经济性状发生较显著的分化,穗数、千粒重、1次枝梗数及粒数辽宁地区显著高于广东,而产量、穗粒数及结实率呈现相应生态条件的偏向性,籼型及偏籼型在广东地区较高,粳型及偏粳型在辽宁地区较高,说明在籼粳交F2代中不同的籼粳类型存在较为显著的生态适应性,并且该结果在相关性分析也得了验证.此外,对进一步研究籼粳分化机制的相关问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
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水稻种子脱水耐性的形成及其与贮藏特性的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以3个水稻品种ZR02、株1S/ZR02和金23A/ZR02的F1代种子为材料,研究了杂交水稻与常规水稻种子的脱水耐性与贮藏特性之间的相关性。结果表明,常规水稻ZR02与杂交水稻株1S/ZR02和金23A/ZR02的F1代种子的脱水耐性形成较为一致,7DAA种子开始有萌发能力,缓慢脱水能明显提高成熟度不高的种子的萌发力。自然风干慢速脱水和硅胶快速脱水至相同含水量(0.11g/g(DW))时,前者提高种子萌发力的幅度更大。3个水稻的成熟种子在室内开放贮藏或硅胶干燥贮藏3个月后再经历15d的老化处理,然后进行萌发试验的结果表明,常规水稻ZR02比杂交水稻的种子更抗老化;两个杂交水稻的不同发育时期种子的抗老化能力也有差异,皆以17DAA种子的抗老化能力最强。 相似文献
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超干处理和贮藏对番茄和辣椒种子生活力和活力的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
试验采用氧化钙为干燥剂对番茄和辣椒种子进行超平处理和贮藏，以研究其对种子生活力和活力的影响。结果表明，番茄种子水分降至3．77％、辣椒种子水分降至3．86％，未发现对种子生活力和活力有明显的影响；对不同含水量的番茄和辣椒种子室温密闭贮今6个月后的调查结果发现，超低水分种子生活力和活力较高，细胞膜能保持较好的完整性，脱氢酶活性和呼吸强度较高。由此可见超干贮藏有利于保持番茄和辣椒种子的生活力和活力。 相似文献
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Mapping of quantitative trait loci controlling seed longevity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) after various periods of seed storage 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Seed longevity varies considerably in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), but the underlying genetic mechanism of longevity has not been well elucidated. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed longevity after various periods of seed storage were sought using recombinant inbred lines derived from a combination involving ‘Milyang23’(Indica‐type) and ‘Akihikari’ (Japonica‐type). In all, 12 QTLs for germination and normal seedling growth were detected as indices of seed longevity on chromosome 7 (one region) and chromosome 9 (two regions) in treated seeds that had been stored under laboratory conditions for 1, 2 or 3 years.‘Milyang23’ alleles of all QTLs promoted germination and normal seedling growth after all durations of storage. These QTL regions were detected repeatedly in more than one seed condition. Therefore, we infer that these regions control seed longevity. 相似文献