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1.
Two pot experiments were carried out under controlled environment conditions in the growth chamber to assess the potential use of alfalfa powders and distiller grains as organic fertilizers. Two types of dehydrated alfalfa powders (one with canola meal protein extraction by-product and one without) and two types of distiller grains (dried distillers grain with distillation solubles added and wet distillers grain without solubles) from wheat-based ethanol production were evaluated. Four different nitrogen (N)-based amendment application rates (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg N ha?1) were used along with urea applications made at the same N rates to a Brown Chernozem (Aridic Haploboroll) loamy textured soil collected from south-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Canola biomass yield, N, phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) uptake were measured along with soil properties including pH, salinity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus and extractable nutrients and cadmium before and after canola growth in each of the treatments. Application of alfalfa powder and distiller grain amendments resulted in significant canola biomass yield increases along with increased N, P, and K uptake compared to the unfertilized control. However, only a portion of the N added (～30% to 50%) in the organic amendments was rendered available over the five week duration of the experiments. Amendments that had higher N content and lower carbon (C):N ratios such as dried distillers grain with solubles resulted in greater canola N uptake. Reduced germination and emergence of canola seedlings was observed at high rates of addition of distillers grain (400 kg N ha?1), the reason for which is unclear but may be due to a localized salt or toxicity effect of the amendment. The amendment with alfalfa powders and distiller grains resulted in small increases in residual soil nutrients. Effects on pH, salinity, organic carbon and extractable metals tended to be small and often not significant. Alfalfa powders and distillers grains appear to be quite effective in supplying nutrients, especially N, for plant growth over the short-term. 相似文献
2.
Keshun Liu 《Cereal Chemistry》2014,91(1):72-78
Fuel ethanol production from grains is mainly based on dry‐grind processing, during which phytate is concentrated about threefold in distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), a major coproduct. To reduce phytate in DDGS, Natuphos and Ronozyme industrial phytase preparations were used to treat commercially made thin stillage (TS). Changes in phosphorous (P) profile were monitored, and effects of reaction temperature, time, and enzyme concentration were investigated. Results showed that at a temperature ≤60°C for Natuphos phytase (≤70°C for Ronozyme phytase) and a concentration ≤4.8 FTU/mL of TS for Natuphos phytase (≤48 FYT/mL for Ronozyme phytase), a complete phytate hydrolysis (phytate P decreased to 0) could be achieved within 5–60 min of enzymatic treatment. Reduction in phytate P was generally accompanied by increase in inorganic P, whereas total P remained relatively unchanged. When condensed distillers solubles (CDS), the concentrated form of TS, was used as the substrate, phytate hydrolysis by each of the two enzyme preparations was as effective as on TS. Because a previous study from the author's laboratory showed that all types of P are mostly concentrated in TS and CDS but much less in distillers wet grains, phytase treatments of TS and CDS described in the present study can be an effective means in producing low‐phytate DDGS. 相似文献
3.
Triticale is being actively explored as a feedstock for bioethanol production in Western Canada. Triticale distillers grains, an important coproduct of the bioethanol industry, are used mainly as animal feed. This study aims to develop methods of protein extraction from triticale distillers wet grains and distillers dried grains with solubles. Osborne fractionation showed low protein extractability because excessive protein denaturation occurred during sample preparation. Five methods were used to extract proteins: pH shifting, 60% ethanol, alkaline‐ethanol solution, glacial acetic acid, and enzyme‐aided extraction. Extracts obtained with the alkaline‐ethanol and glacial acetic acid methods showed comparatively higher protein contents (≈61–65%) when compared with the other extraction methods (≈35–57%). Enzyme‐aided extraction with Protex 6L yielded 75–82% protein at a content of 43–57%, depending on the types of raw materials. Establishing methods of protein extraction from triticale distillers grains would facilitate further studies on new uses of triticale proteins. 相似文献
4.
We investigated whether nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin can reduce nutrient leaching and increase nutrient uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) in cattle manure amended soil. Amendments included non-amended check (CK), urea (Urea), REG (manure from cattle fed barley grain), and DDGS (manure from cattle fed 60% dried distillers grains with solubles), co-applied with or without nitrapyrin and leached or unleached with water. Nitrapyrin reduced (P < 0.01) leaching of nitrate by 56, 32, and 24% from DDGS, REG, and Urea treatments, respectively, and also reduced (P < 0.05) leaching of phosphate (58%), potassium (39%), calcium (39%), and magnesium (39%) from DDGS treatment. While nitrapyrin reduces the rate of ammonium conversion to nitrate, higher magnesium and phosphate levels in DDGS-amended soil favor struvite formation and reduce their leaching. Corn biomass and nutrient uptake were higher (P < 0.01) in DDGS and Urea than CK and REG treatments, but remained unaffected by nitrapyrin. The benefits of nitrapyrin should be further investigated under field conditions.
Abbreviations: DCD, dicyandiamide; DDGS, dried distillers grains with solubles; NI, nitrification inhibitor; TP, total P; TN, total N. 相似文献
5.
[目的]研究不同牧草品种种植与生物质炭施用对土壤水分的影响及其调控效应,为喀斯特石漠化区生态恢复及土壤改良提供科学依据。[方法]采用盆栽试验在施用生物质炭的土壤上种植雀稗(Paspalum thunbergii)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab),定期测定植草土壤的含水率。[结果]种植雀稗、黑麦草、拉巴豆后土壤田间持水量及土壤饱和导水率均出现显著性差异,其大小顺序为:雀稗黑麦草拉巴豆,禾本科牧草种植对提高土壤持水性能的作用优于豆科牧草。施用5%的生物质炭后,雀稗、黑麦草、拉巴豆种植土壤的含水率在春夏季降雨及干旱时段均出现不同程度的增加,植草土壤田间持水量和饱和导水率则出现显著地提高,其大小顺序也为:雀稗黑麦草拉巴豆。[结论]生物质炭施用明显地提高了土壤持水能力,从而有利于牧草生长。 相似文献
6.
不同产地油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和土壤pH缓冲容量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
7.
Currently, the biomass of an invasive and obnoxious weed, kunai grass (Imperata cylindrica), is uncontrollably burnt in Papua New Guinea in subsistence farming systems resulting in unwarranted negative environmental consequences. We explored the possibility of sustainable utilization of biochar produced from the weed biomass along with a standard feedstock‐rice husk (Oryza sativa). Biochars were produced with lab‐scale pyrolysis at 550°C, characterized for chemical properties and plant nutrient composition. Further, agronomic efficacy of soil incorporation of biochars (5 t ha?1) or co‐applied with mineral fertilizers (100, 11, and 62 kg ha?1 N, P, K, respectively) was tested for sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) in a field experiment. The two biochars differed significantly (P < 5%) with respect to recovery from the feedstocks, chemical characters and nutrient composition. Kunai grass biochar was poorer in nutrients (< 1%) with distinctly alkaline pH and higher electrical conductivity. Biochar amendment to soil showed significant (P < 5%) improvement of soil moisture, while co‐application of biochars along with mineral fertilizers showed soil moisture decrease. Biochar amendment improved the growth parameters and total tuber yield of sweet potato by about 20%, while co‐application with mineral fertilizers augmented total tuber yield by 100% and above‐ground biomass yields by > 75%. Besides, improving agronomic performance of sweet potato crop, co‐application of biochars with mineral fertilizers enhanced uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S. Production and utilization of biochar in sweet‐potato production could offer an efficient means of disposing biomass of kunai grass with concomitant productivity improvement in Papua New Guinea. 相似文献
8.
Rumela Bhadra K. Muthukumarappan Kurt A. Rosentrater S. Kannadhason 《Cereal Chemistry》2011,88(5):451-458
Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a widely used animal feed. But transportation of DDGS is often troublesome because of its stickiness. DDGS is formed by combining condensed distillers solubles (CDS) with distillers wet grains (DWG) and then drying. As a first step toward understanding drying behavior, this study's objective was to investigate batch‐drying kinetic behavior of DWG with three CDS addition levels (10, 15, and 20% wb) and three drying‐temperature levels (100, 200, and 300°C). Multiple nonlinear mathematical models were used to fit experimental drying data for moisture content versus drying rate. A new comprehensive model was developed (R2 = 0.89, SEM = 18.60) from a modified Chen and Douglas model to incorporate CDS and drying‐temperature terms. Drying temperature affected drying rate more significantly than did changes in CDS level; thus, drying temperature was the main effect and CDS was a subeffect. Increasing the drying temperature increased the drying rate significantly for all levels of CDS addition. This model can be used for predicting DWG drying behavior under broad operating conditions; it can be used to help the industry produce better DDGS, which may thus result in better DDGS handling and transport characteristics. 相似文献
9.
Vijay Singh David B. Johnston Kalpana Naidu Kent D. Rausch Ronald L. Belyea M. E. Tumbleson 《Cereal Chemistry》2005,82(2):187-190
Three different modified dry‐grind corn processes, quick germ (QG), quick germ and quick fiber (QGQF), and enzymatic milling (E‐Mill) were compared with the conventional dry‐grind corn process for fermentation characteristics and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) composition. Significant effects were observed on fermentation characteristics and DDGS composition with these modified dry‐grind processes. The QG, QGQF, and E‐Mill processes increased ethanol concentration by 8–27% relative to the conventional dry‐grind process. These process modifications reduced the fiber content of DDGS from 11 to 2% and increased the protein content of DDGS from 28 to 58%. 相似文献
10.
Forms and solubility of plant nutrient elements in tropical plant waste biochars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 Thailand is an agriculture‐based country which produces large amounts of agricultural waste. Making biochar from this waste can reduce pollution, decrease costs of production, and increase C sequestration. The agronomic benefits of biochar are partly derived from the available plant nutrients in biochar. This study investigated the fertilizer value of biochars manufactured by slow pyrolysis. Pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type affect nutrient concentrations and nutrient element speciation in biochar. The physio‐chemical, mineralogical and structural properties of biochars made from 14 agriculture wastes (soybean cake, corncob, lemon peel, sugar palm fibre, durian shell, tamarind wood, coconut fibre, coconut shell, bamboo wood, rice husk, eucalyptus wood, oil palm fruit, coffee waste, and bagasse) were investigated. The plant nutrients in biochar mostly occurred in crystalline minerals which were present on the surface and inside the cell structure of biochar. Most biochars examined in this research contained calcite (CaCO3). The presence in biochars of several K‐minerals [archerite (KH2PO4), chlorocalcite (KCaCl3), kalicinite (KHCO3), pyrocoproite (K2MgP2O7), struvite‐K (KMgPO4 · 6 H2O), and sylvite (KCl)] encourages the use of biochar as a K‐fertilizer. Fibre, fruit and wood biochars contained considerable amounts of K, Ca, and P. Sugar palm and coconut fibres also contained high level of Na in halite. This study recommends the utilization of biochars manufactured from sugar palm fibre, coconut fibre, durian shell, and oil palm fruit as fertilizers. With their appreciable contents of plant nutrients in highly to moderately soluble compounds these biochars should be effective fertilizers, especially for use by organic farmers who cannot use any chemical fertilizers. 相似文献
11.
Christine Wood Kurt A. Rosentrater Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan Zhengrong Gu 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(1):70-79
Wider exploration of ethanol coproduct uses is necessary as the ethanol industry continues to face challenges. Currently, process streams such as thin stillage and condensed distillers solubles (CDS) are processed into distillers dried grains with solubles and used as animal feeds, but other higher value opportunities may exist. The objective of this study was to identify chemical components and quantify physical properties of CDS and thin stillage. Protein, organic acid, and sugar profiles were determined. Zein protein was identified, and glycerol was determined to have a concentration of 18.8 g/L in thin stillage and 63.2 g/L in CDS. Physical properties including density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and rheological behaviors were also examined. Thermal conductivity of thin stillage and CDS was approximately 0.54 and 0.45 W/m°C, respectively. Quantification of the physical properties and identification of the chemical constituents pave the way for exploration of new value‐added uses for thin stillage and CDS. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(18):2274-2283
An incubation study was conducted to determine how biochar interacts with a nitrogen fertilizer and how it reacts in the soil as well as to measure the effect of different biochars on soil chemical properties. Two Iowa soils, Nicollet surface soil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) and Storden subsoil (fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Eutrudept), were mixed with three different qualities of biochar and a nitrogen fertilizer (urea). The biochar was created from corn stover that was pyrolized with three different amounts of atmospheric air: 0% (biochar 1), 10% (biochar 2), and 25% (biochar 3). Soil tests for pH, total nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P), extractable potassium (K), ammonium N, nitrate N, organic matter, and total carbon (C) were performed. The different biochars significantly affected the total N, total organic C, and pH in both soils at all rates of urea applied. The conditions during pyrolysis influenced how the biochar/fertilizer reacted with the soil. 相似文献
13.
Negative priming of native soil organic carbon mineralization by oilseed biochars of contrasting quality 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 T. F. Rittl E. H. Novotny F. C. Balieiro E. Hoffland B. J. R. Alves T. W. Kuyper 《European Journal of Soil Science》2015,66(4):714-721
Oilseed‐derived biochar, a by‐product of pyrolysis for biodiesel production, is richer in aliphatic compounds than the commonly studied wood‐derived biochar, affecting both its mineralization in soil and its interaction with native soil organic carbon (nSOC). Here, we investigated the soil C sequestration potential of three different oilseed biochars derived from C3 plant material: soyabean, castor bean and jatropha cake. The chemical composition of these biochars was determined by elemental analysis (CHN) and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The cumulative CO2 efflux from 30‐day laboratory incubations of biochar mixed with a sandy soil containing nSOC from C4 plants was measured as a proxy for mineralization rate. The relative contribution of each source to CO2 production was calculated based on the 13C‐signatures of total CO2 efflux and the source materials (soil and biochars). Our results showed that: (i) castor bean biochar contained relatively large amounts of aliphatic compounds, resulting in a greater mineralization rate than soyabean and jatropha biochars; (ii) CO2 efflux from the soil‐biochar mixtures originated mostly from the biochars, suggesting that these biochars contain rapidly decomposable compounds; and (iii) all three oilseed biochars decelerated nSOC mineralization. This negative priming effect appeared to be caused by different factors. We conclude that oilseed biochars have the potential to increase soil C stocks directly and increase soil C sequestration indirectly in the short term through negative priming of nSOC mineralization. 相似文献
14.
不同地区油菜秸秆制备的生物质炭对酸性红壤的改良效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从江西鹰潭、安徽宣城、江苏南京和淮阴等4个地区收集油菜秸秆,在500℃下厌氧热解制备生物质炭,比较生物质炭的pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量的差异,并在20 g/kg加入量下考察其对安徽宣城pH 4.1的酸性红壤改良效果。结果表明,江西鹰潭油菜秸秆炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量最低,安徽宣城油菜秸秆炭次之,江苏淮阴和南京油菜秸秆炭的相应参数值最高。当用这4种油菜秸秆炭改良土壤酸度时,改良效果表现为江苏淮阴>江苏南京>安徽宣城>江西鹰潭,与生物质炭pH、盐基离子和碳酸盐含量一致。因此,利用秸秆生物质炭改良土壤酸度时,不仅需要考虑炭化条件和秸秆类型,作物的产地差异也需要进行考量。 相似文献
15.
Rumela Bhadra Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan Kurt A. Rosentrater 《Cereal Chemistry》2013,90(1):35-46
Demand for alternative fuels and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels have triggered the growth of corn‐based ethanol production, which is expected to rise in future years. Transportation of the coproduct distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from this industry occurs under various environmental conditions. Transporting DDGS is often problematic, because caking between the particles can lead to flow problems. In this study, we have prepared DDGS by combining condensed distillers solubles (CDS) with distillers wet grains and then drying. We investigated the effects of CDS level (10, 15, and 20%, wb), drying temperature (100, 200, and 300°C), and cooling temperature (–12, 25, and 35°C) on the flowability of the resulting DDGS. Statistical analyses of the resulting data found significant differences among the cooling temperature levels for angle of repose, total flow and flood indices, dispersibility, water activity, and protein dispersibility index. Additionally, significant interaction effects between CDS, drying temperature, and cooling temperature levels for angle of repose, total flow and flood indices, dispersibility, and protein dispersibility index were observed. Response surface regression on selected dimensionless flowability parameters was also applied. However, multivariate PLS regression yielded better results (R2 > 0.8) than response surface plots. Understanding the effects of drying and cooling temperatures as well as CDS levels can be used to help improve the industrial processing of DDGS and improve storage and transportation. 相似文献
16.
M. M. Morales N. Comerford I. A. Guerrini N. P. S. Falcão J. B. Reeves 《Soil Use and Management》2013,29(3):306-314
The term biochar refers to materials with diverse chemical, physical and physicochemical characteristics that have potential as a soil amendment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the P sorption/desorption properties of various slow biochars and one fast pyrolysis biochar and to determine how a fast pyrolysis biochar influences these properties in a degraded tropical soil. The fast pyrolysis biochar was a mixture of three separate biochars: sawdust, elephant grass and sugar cane leaves. Three other biochars were made by slow pyrolysis from three Amazonian tree species (Lacre, Ingá and Embaúba) at three temperatures of formation (400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C). Inorganic P was added to develop sorption curves and then desorbed to develop desorption curves for all biochar situations. For the slow pyrolysis, the 600 ºC biochar had a reduced capacity to sorb P (4–10 times less) relative to those biochars formed at 400 °C and 500 °C. Conversely, biochar from Ingá desorbed the most P. The fast pyrolysis biochar, when mixed with degraded tropical mineral soil, decreased the soil's P sorption capacity by 55% presumably because of the high soluble, inorganic P prevalent in this biochar (909 mg P/kg of biochar). Phosphorus desorption from the fast pyrolysis biochar/soil mixture not only exhibited a common desorption curve but also buffered the soil solution at a value of ca. 0.2 mg/L. This study shows the diversity in P chemistry that can be expected when biochar is a soil amendment and suggests the potential to develop biochars with properties to meet specific objectives. 相似文献
17.
农业废弃物制备的生物质炭对红壤酸度和油菜产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用自行研制的生物质炭化炉在田间条件下制备花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭,采集秸秆气化站产生的稻壳炭,研究了这3种生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果和对油菜产量的影响。结果表明:施用稻壳炭、花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭均可提高土壤p H,降低土壤交换性酸含量,效果随施用量的增加而增强。生物质炭对酸性土壤的改良效果主要决定于其本身的含碱量,施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭显著增加土壤交换性盐基阳离子、有效磷、有效阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,并提高油菜籽产量。田间条件下施用花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭3年后土壤p H仍明显高于对照处理,说明生物质炭对土壤酸度的改良具有持续性。因此,花生秸秆炭和油菜秸秆炭是优良的酸性土壤改良剂。 相似文献
18.
J. M. Novak K. A. Spokas K. B. Cantrell K. S. Ro D. W. Watts B. Glaz W. J. Busscher P. G. Hunt 《Soil Use and Management》2014,30(2):175-181
Biochar and hydrochars (HC) are emerging soil fertility amendments; however, their ability to improve fertility levels in soils possessing vastly different pedogenic characteristics has not been well investigated. In this study, several plant and manure biochars and two blended HC applied at 3.84 g/kg (ca.10 t/ha) were incubated in pots containing a highly fertile‐Mollisol (Waukegan series; Sandy‐skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludoll) and an infertile Entisol (Margate series; Siliceous, hyperthermic, Mollic Psammaquent). During the 124–125 day laboratory incubations, pots were leached four times with deionized H2O with the leachates analysed for the concentrations of dissolved phosphorus (DP) and potassium (DK). After the incubations, both soils were analysed for fertility characteristics (i.e. pH, cation‐exchange capacity (CEC), and extractable P and K). In both soils after biochar additions, there were mixed pH and CEC responses. Both the Mollisol and Entisol treated with swine solid biochar had greater plant extractable P and K contents, which was reflective of the elevated P and K contents in the swine solid biochar. However, most biochars and HC additions to the Mollisol and Entisol had minimal impact on soil fertility characteristics indicating a low direct fertilization potential. These nutrient contents could be altered through feedstock blending to target a particular fertilizer requirement. 相似文献
19.
Fardin Sadegh-Zadeh Sepideh Fallah Tolekolai Mohammad Ali Bahmanyar Mostafa Emadi 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(5):552-566
The application of compost to calcareous soils by farmers is a well-established practice and has been shown to improve yields. However, incorporation of biochar and mixture of biochar and compost into calcareous soils is a relatively novel concept for improving soil quality and yield since calcareous soils comprise a large scale of soils worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the co-application of biochar and compost on the soil properties, nutrient status and grain yield of rice in calcareous sandy soil. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The compost application rates were 1% and 3% (w/w; compost/soil) and the applied rates of biochars (rice straw biochar, RSB; sugarcane bagasse biochar, SBB) were 0.3% and 0.9% (w/w; biochar/soil). The results showed that soil pH decreased with increasing application rates of either compost or biochars. However, soil EC was enhanced through increasing the application rates of compost and biochars. The co-application of biochar and compost improved soil total N and available P concentrations. The soil available K increased with increasing the rate of incorporated biochars and compost. An increase of soil available K was more predominate with the application of RSB than SBB. The RSB, also, added a considerable amount of silicon (Si) to the soil. The co-incorporation of biochars and compost enhanced soil available concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn as well. The RSB was more effective than the SBB in grain yield enhancement almost certainly due to a higher Si content in RSB. Furthermore, the concurrent application of biochars and compost increased grain yield more than applying them individually. A higher application rate of biochar and compost induced a higher grain yield. The co-application of highest rates of RSB (0.9%) and compost (3%) induced the highest grain yield (26.1 g/pot) among the treatments. The increase in yield compare to the control were 321% and 260% for 0.9% RSB + 3% compost and 0.9% SBB + 3% compost, respectively. The increase in the grain yield was due to an improvement in the soil chemical properties and nutrients enhancement. Finally, the co-application of the highest rate of RSB (0.9%) and compost (3%) is recommended to obtain the appropriate rate of rice grain yield in calcareous sandy soil. 相似文献
20.
One of the fastest growing industries in the United States is the fuel ethanol industry. In terms of ethanol production capability, the industry has grown by more than 600% since the year 2000. The major coproducts from corn‐based ethanol include distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and carbon dioxide. DDGS is used as a livestock feed because it contains high quantities of protein, fiber, amino acids, and other nutrients. The goal of this study was to quantify various chemical and physical properties of DDGS, distillers wet grains (DWG), and distillers dried grain (DDG) from several plants in South Dakota. Chemical properties of the DDGS included crude ash (5.0–21.93%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (26.32–43.50%), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (10.82–20.05%), crude fiber (CF) (8.14–12.82%), crude protein (27.4–31.7%), crude fat (7.4–11.6%), and total starch (9.19–14.04%). Physical properties of the DDGS included moisture content (3.54–8.21%), Aw (0.42–0.53), bulk density (467.7–509.38 kg/m3), thermal conductivity (0.05–0.07 W/m·°C), thermal diffusivity (0.1–0.17 mm2/sec), color L* (36.56–50.17), a* (5.2–10.79), b* (12.53–23.36), and angle of repose (25.7–47.04°). These properties were also determined for DWG and DDG. We also conducted image analysis and size determination of the DDGS particles. Carbon group characterization in the DDGS and DDG samples were determined using NMR spectroscopy; O‐alkyl comprised >50% of all DDGS samples. Results from this study showed several possibilities for using DDGS in applications other than animal feed. Possibilities include harvesting residual sugars, producing additional ethanol, producing value‐added compounds, using as food‐grade additives, or even using as inert fillers for biocomposites. 相似文献