共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
为了探讨不同灌溉方式对云南大叶茶树生长发育及产量的影响,为云南茶园推广节水灌溉技术提供科学依据。笔者对微喷灌、滴灌、地面灌溉等灌溉方式在茶叶生产上的应用效果进行评价,从对茶树新梢生长影响来看,节水灌溉可加深叶色,增加芽头密度和百芽重;从对茶叶生化成分影响看,节水灌溉较地面灌溉能显著增加水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸、儿茶素、咖啡因等茶叶生化成分;从茶叶产量来看,节水灌溉能明显增加产量,增产幅度为5.34%～6.70%,其中以滴灌增产效果最佳;从茶叶产值效果来看,节水灌溉茶园较地面灌溉茶园可增加纯收入2 092.2～3 972.0元/hm2;茶园使用节水灌溉技术,具有明显的节水效果,节水率为33.33%～50.00%。 相似文献
2.
为研究不同节水灌溉模式对白茶生长发育和产量形成的影响,设计2种灌溉方式(喷灌和滴灌)及3种相对含水率控制下限水平(65%、75%和85%),观测白茶鲜/干重、叶面积指数、百芽重和芽叶颜色等指标,同时,构建熵权系数评价模型,综合考虑产量、产值、工程建设经济可行性及灌溉水利用效率等指标,优选节水灌溉方案。结果表明:喷灌下85%控水下限处理白茶百芽重、叶面积指数和干重处于最高水平;相同灌溉方式下,提升控水下限使滴灌条件下白茶产量提升2.4%～17.7%,使喷灌条件下产量提升16.7%～30.2%;熵权系数评价模型计算结果表明,喷灌条件下75%控水下限综合效益最优,熵权系数评价值达到0.96。在该灌溉模式下,白茶产量、产值、节水灌溉工程建设的国民经济内部收益率和灌溉水利用效率分别为468.6 kg/hm~2、252.4万元/hm~2、22.3%和0.387 kg/m~3。实际生产中,推荐将喷灌75%控水下限作为白茶节水灌溉模式。 相似文献
3.
为探究不同节水灌溉模式对白茶品质及茶园土壤重金属含量的影响,设计不同灌溉方式(喷灌和滴灌)和不同土壤水分控制下限(65％、75％和85％),观测白茶水浸出物、游离氨基酸、茶多酚、儿茶素等品质指标及茶园土壤铬、砷、镉、汞、铜和铅含量,同时引入投影寻踪分类模型,基于高优白茶品质和低重金属残留对节水灌溉模式进行综合评价.结果... 相似文献
4.
地膜覆盖保墒灌溉的土壤水、热以及作物效应研究 总被引：27，自引：2，他引：27
通过小区试验研究了不同的地膜覆盖保墒灌溉措施对土壤水分动态变化、土壤微生物、土壤温度、玉米生长状况、生理生态指标以及产量等的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖后0~50 cm土壤含水量覆膜的明显高于未覆膜处理,在玉米整个生育期内,未灌溉处理的地膜0~20 cm的含水量较对照平均提高6.1%,20~50 cm较对照平均提高3.38%,50~100 cm较对照平均提高1.57%。覆膜后耕层土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌平均分别是对照的4.1倍、2.08倍和2.41倍。覆膜后叶片光合和蒸腾速率均较对照有所增加,相同灌溉量条件下,地膜处理的玉米产量较对照平均增产14.24%、9.4%和11.15%,对于覆膜或不覆膜处理,其产量均随着灌溉水量的增加而增加。 相似文献
5.
不同灌溉技术条件对冬小麦生产的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究并得到3种不同灌溉技术（滴灌、喷灌、漫灌）对冬小麦产量及其构成的影响,在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设计了滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的大田试验.3种灌溉技术条件下,其灌溉总量相同,漫灌和喷灌采用浇底墒水加浇两水,滴灌采用浇底墒水加浇四水的方式;从冬小麦整个生长期内的作物高度、叶面积指数、籽粒重等指标,考察不同灌溉技术对冬小麦生产及其构成的影响.结果表明：滴灌条件下,表层含水量下降速度最小,整个生长期,含水量高于喷灌和漫灌;滴灌处理的叶面积指数最高,其次是喷灌;在成熟期,滴灌条件下,作物高度比漫灌高12%,比喷灌高5%;滴灌和喷灌的条件下产量分别比漫灌高8.63%,7.75%;滴灌、喷灌、漫灌的籽粒千粒重分别为43.36,42.17和41.17 g,滴灌和喷灌籽粒重明显高于漫灌,且生物量分别比漫灌提高了6.9%,3%.这说明3种灌溉技术中,滴灌技术最有利于实现节水保墒、小麦增产,其次是喷灌. 相似文献
6.
用相同灌溉频率、不同灌溉上限研究土壤含水量对芥蓝生长及农艺性状的影响。结果表明:增加土壤水分显著提早芥蓝生育期,水分亏缺使生长受到抑制,同时引起不同器官的生长速度及其性状差异;土壤水分亏缺显著影响芥蓝的叶长、叶宽、叶面积,以第8叶位左右叶片影响较大;根和茎的性状总体上随着土壤水分的增加而逐步增加,基茎长与土壤含水量之间呈极显著线性相关;生物产量、菜薹产量和薹叶比总体上随着土壤水分增加逐步提高,土壤水分较多使经济系数下降,菜薹产量、薹叶比和薹粗均有所下降。通过调节土壤水分能控制芥蓝生长和农艺性状,提高菜薹产量和品质。 相似文献
7.
为明晰不同节水灌溉措施和灌溉量对土壤-作物系统的影响,以设施番茄为植物材料,设计不同灌水模式(喷灌、滴灌和浇灌)及不同灌溉定额(140、180、220 m~3/hm~2),观测不同处理下番茄总产量、叶面积指数(LAI)、果实品质、土壤盐分及有效养分等指标。结果表明:相比浇灌处理,滴灌和喷灌增产效果明显,在相同灌水量条件下滴灌优于喷灌,滴灌处理番茄总产量达到118.3～138.7t/hm~2;相同灌水模式下,较低的灌水量有利于番茄可溶性固形物、总糖和Vc含量的增加。高灌水量有利于耕层土壤盐分的去除,不同灌水模式以滴灌效果最佳。此外,滴灌、喷灌等节水灌溉措施形成的土壤干湿交替的状态有利于肥料元素的矿化,可提高耕层土壤有效养分水平。 相似文献
8.
文章介绍了江苏句容县下蜀茶场从1982年安装茶园喷灌设施后所取得的成果:1.从表1可看出喷滋对增产的效果喷灌茶叶增产十分明显,特别是于早年份和季节.2.从表2中可看出喷灌对提高茶叶品质的作用 相似文献
9.
有机肥与化肥配施对茶叶生长和土壤养分的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
设置醋糟有机肥和化肥不同配比的5个处理:100%有机肥、70%有机肥+30%化肥、50%有机肥+50%化肥、30%有机肥+70%化肥以及100%化肥,并以不施肥为对照(CK),研究不同肥料配比对春茶生长、产量、品质及茶园土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,不同施肥处理都有促进春茶产量、品质和土壤养分含量的作用,但处理之间差异较大。增产作用以70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理最显著,比对照平均增产276.91%,30%有机肥+70%化肥的处理次之,50%有机肥+50%化肥的处理居中;茶叶的新梢长、叶面积、芽密度、百芽质量等生长指标,以及茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物等品质指标都以70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理为最高。茶园土壤中有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均随有机肥在肥料中所占比例的增加而增加,即以100%有机肥的处理最高,70%有机肥+30%化肥的处理次之,但两者差异不显著。综合分析表明,70%有机肥+30%化肥的配施是值得在茶园推广应用的优化方案。 相似文献
10.
《节水灌溉》2015,(11)
通过研究痕量灌溉管不同埋深对辣椒生长和生理指标的影响,为痕量灌溉管在辣椒栽培中适宜的埋深提供理论依据和实践参考,结果表明:痕量灌溉管不同埋深对辣椒生长发育有一定的影响,T4处理生长指标优于其他处理,T4处理叶片中丙二醛、细胞膜相对透性显著低于其他处理,叶片电导率、叶面积指数、自由水、束缚水等含量各处理差异性不显著,T4处理叶绿素a、叶绿素b的含量高于其他处理,T4处理自由水/束缚水的值最大,叶片保水力最强,T4处理叶片的净光合速率相比CK处理提高了22.7%,痕量灌溉处理后不同土层土壤含水量基本都低于滴灌处理。同时痕量灌溉处理后辣椒的品质相对CK处理有了大幅度的提升,T4处理水分生产效率相对CK处理提高106.4%。综合辣椒生长和生理指标来看,痕量灌溉管埋深20cm,有利于辣椒的生长发育。 相似文献
11.
在喷灌条件下水分调控的基础上,采用田间试验研究了茶园土壤肥力指标(包括土壤氮素、土壤温度)与茶叶品质指标(包括氨基酸、茶多酚)的动态变化规律.研究结果表明,喷灌条件下茶园表层土壤总氮(TN)含量最高,随着土层深度的增加,TN含量呈递减趋势,喷灌处理各土层TN含量略高于常规处理,速效氮含量变化呈现与TN含量变化相同趋势,对比常规处理,喷灌处理各土层土壤TN平均含量增加3.3%~22.2%,速效氮平均含量增加7.1%~24.7%;喷灌处理表层土壤与20 cm土层土壤温度均高于常规处理,表层土壤温度在5:00最低,比常规处理提前1 h,在14:00最高,与常规处理同步,20 cm土层土壤温度在8:00最低,比常规提前2 h,在17:00最高,比常规处理提前近2 h;此外,氨基酸含量变化呈现出先降低后增加的趋势,茶多酚含量变化呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,喷灌处理氨基酸、茶多酚含量均高于常规处理,氨基酸含量提高12.21%,茶多酚含量提高17.03%. 相似文献
12.
13.
【目的】为了研究不同微灌方式下水分调控对猕猴桃叶片光合特性及产量的影响,以"翠玉"猕猴桃为研究试材。【方法】采用小管出流(X)、微喷灌(P)和滴灌(D)3种灌溉方式在猕猴桃全生育期实施85%灌水量的轻度亏水(LD)、70%灌水量的中度亏水(MD1)、55%灌水量的偏重度亏水(MD2)和40%灌水量的重度亏水(SD)处理,并设置100%灌水量的对照组(CK),研究了猕猴桃叶片胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、羧化速率(CE)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUEi)、产量及产量水分利用效率(WUEET)在不同水分亏缺下的变化。【结果】与CK相比,D-MD1处理的日均WUEi及CE分别提高了8.5%和2.7%。P-MD1处理的日均Pn与CE较CK分别提高了10.7%和10.4%,X-MD1处理的日均Ci、Pn、CE较CK分别提高了10.9%、12.2%和11.4%。D、P和X三个处理的WUEET均较CK有不同程度的提高,但D、P和X的产量随着水分的亏缺程度的加大而下降,而滴灌各处理间无显著性差异。与CK相比D-MD1、P-MD1、X-MD1处理的产量分别提高了1.4%、1.6%、2.3%,重度亏水处理的产量显著低于其余水分处理,且其他各处理间无显著性差异。MD1处理在不降低产量的情况下,可以节约灌水同时提高WUEET,重度亏水与偏中度亏水间在WUEET无显著性差异,同时X-MD1的产量均高于其他处理。【结论】X-MD1处理是"翠玉"猕猴桃较为合适的灌溉水分亏缺模式。 相似文献
14.
This study compares the effects of different irrigation regimes on seed yield and oil yield quality and water productivity of sprinkler and drip irrigated sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) on silty-clay-loam soils in 2006 and 2007 in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. In sprinkler irrigation a line-source system was used in order to create gradually varying irrigation levels. Irrigation regimes consisted of full irrigation (I1) and three deficit irrigation treatments (I2, I3 and I4), and rain-fed treatment (I5). In the drip system, irrigation regimes included full irrigation (FI-100), three deficit irrigation treatments (DI-25, DI-50, DI-75), partial root zone drying (PRD-50) and rain-fed treatment (RF). Irrigations were scheduled at weekly intervals both in sprinkler and drip irrigation, based on soil water depletion within a 0.90 m root zone in FI-100 and I1 plots. Irrigation treatments influenced significantly (P < 0.01) sunflower seed and oil yields, and oil quality both with sprinkler and drip systems. Seed yields decreased with increasing water stress levels under drip and sprinkler irrigation in both experimental years. Seed yield response to irrigation varied considerably due to differences in soil water contents and spring rainfall distribution in the experimental years. Although PRD-50 received about 36% less irrigation water as compared to FI-100, sunflower yield was reduced by an average of 15%. PRD-50 produced greater seed and oil yields than DI-50 in the drip irrigation system. Yield reduction was mainly due to less number of seeds per head and lower seed mass. Soil water deficits significantly reduced crop evapotranspiration (ET), which mainly depends on irrigation amounts. Significant linear relationships (R2 = 0.96) between ET and oil yield (Y) were obtained in each season. The seed yield response factors (kyseed) were 1.24 and 0.86 for the sprinkler and 1.19 and 1.06 for the drip system in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The oil yield response factor (kyoil) for sunflower was found to be 1.08 and 1.49 for both growing seasons for the sprinkler and 1.36 and 1.25 for the drip systems, respectively. Oil content decreased with decreasing irrigation amount. Consistently greater values of oil content were obtained from the full irrigation treatment plots. The saturated (palmitic and stearic acid) and unsaturated (oleic and linoleic acid) fatty acid contents were significantly affected by water stress. Water stress caused an increase in oleic acid with a decrease in linoleic acid contents. The palmitic and stearic acid concentrations decreased under drought conditions. Water productivity (WP) values were significantly affected by irrigation amounts and ranged from 0.40 to 0.71 kg m−3 in 2006, and from 0.69 to 0.91 kg m−3 in 2007. The PRD-50 treatment resulted in the greatest WP (1.0 kg m−3) and irrigation water productivity (IWP) (1.4 kg m−3) in both growing seasons. The results revealed that under water scarcity situation, PRD-50 in drip and I2 in sprinkler system provide acceptable irrigation strategies to increase sunflower yield and quality. 相似文献
15.
【目的】研究工作压力,喷头组合间距、组合斱式和旋转速度对射流式喷头及多喷头组合喷灌均匀性系数(CU)和分布均匀系数(DU)的影响。【斱法】采用不同工作条件下单喷头和多喷头组合喷灌水量分布的动态仿真代码,对射流式喷头开展了水力性能试验;研究了射流式喷头在不同工作压力及安装高度条件下对喷灌强度、水量分布的影响;建立了水量峰值强度与工作压力的回归关系式;模拟了单喷头在正斱形和三角形组合喷灌下的空间水量分布。【结果】喷头在1.5 m安装高度、100~300 kPa压力条件下,水量峰值集中在5 mm/h附近,标准偏差(STD)为0.23。喷头在100 kPa工作压力,安装高度为1.1、1.3 m的水量峰值强度分别可高达8.9、10.5mm/h。不同工作压力下的单喷头喷灌的DU和CU标准偏差分别为15.5%、9.3%,且DU对压力的变化相对更为敏感。【结论】在实际喷灌工程中正斱形组合喷灌的间距应小于8m,三角形组合喷头之间的间距应布置在8m附近,此时的喷灌均匀度最高,单个喷灌设备覆盖范围最广,成本最低。 相似文献
16.
《Agricultural Water Management》1998,38(2):135-146
The effect of sprinkler irrigation uniformity on crop yield is an important consideration for the design of sprinkler irrigation system. A model that relates yield response to evapotranspiration deficits at special growth stages to evaluate the impacts of uniformity on crop yield was developed from a crop water production function. The simulation results of the model showed that crop yield increased with increasing uniformity. Optimum irrigation amount and uniformity for the maximum net return were determined with the model. The optimum irrigation amount depends on irrigation uniformity and on economic factors, decreasing with the uniformity but increasing with the ratio of product price to water cost. The optimum uniformity increased with an increase of irrigation amount expressed by a ratio between gross and required irrigation amount, but approximated 90% when the ratio exceeded 0.85. Field experiments conducted to study the relationship between spatial distribution of soil moisture and sprinkler application uniformity demonstrated that the water in the soil was more uniformly distributed than that measured for the application at the soil surface. 相似文献
17.
Effects of applied water and sprinkler irrigation uniformity on alfalfa growth and hay yield 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of applied water and sprinkler irrigation uniformity on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) growth and hay yield in a semi-arid region. Field experiments were carried out in 2006 in Varamin, Iran, on three plots of 25 m × 30 m. Each plot was subdivided into 25 subplots of 5 m × 6 m. Different irrigation depths and sprinkler water uniformities were obtained by various scenarios of sprinkler nozzle pressure. In each plot, applied water was measured at 250 points (125 points above and 125 points below canopy) and the soil water content of 40 cm deep below soil surface was monitored at 25 points, each in the center of a subplot, throughout the irrigation season. The results showed that sprinkler water and soil water content uniformity varied between 66-78 and 88-91%, respectively. The findings revealed that soil water content uniformity was around 20% higher than sprinkler water uniformity. The irrigation uniformity below the canopy was estimated to be 2.5% greater than above the canopy, and canopy-intercepted water could account for 11-15% of the total seasonal applied water. Evaluation showed that alfalfa leaf area index relies more heavily on farm water application uniformity than hay yield and crop height. The experimental results illustrated that water distribution in sprinkler irrigation systems has a direct effect on alfalfa growth, hay yield and water productivity such that the applied water reduction and the increased sprinkler water uniformity led to an increased alfalfa water productivity of 2.41 kg m−3. 相似文献
18.
针对坡地喷灌水量分布实测困难问题,以坡地喷头射程计算公式为基础,依据喷头射流方向总水量守恒原理,构建了喷灌水量分布由平地转换到坡地的计算模型,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性。利用该模型,分析了喷头布置方式、喷头间距、工作压力和坡度等对坡面喷灌水量分布的影响,结果表明,三角形布置有利于坡地单喷头水量分布的叠加,且其组合喷灌均匀度略高于方形布置;随着喷头间距的增大,组合喷灌均匀度呈下降趋势;喷头低压运行时,组合喷灌均匀度相对较低,不能满足喷灌均匀性的要求,随着喷头工作压力的增大,组合喷灌均匀度逐渐增大;在一定坡度范围内,不同坡度对水量分布和组合喷灌均匀度的影响较小。因此,在坡地喷灌系统设计时,若选用雨鸟LF1200型喷头,建议采用三角形布置,喷头间距宜为1.0~1.2倍平地喷头射程,喷头工作压力宜选用300 k Pa。 相似文献