共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Md. Motiur Rahman Yasushi Furukawa Isao Kawata Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman Mahbubul Alam 《Small-Scale Forestry》2005,4(3):359-376
This study examines the species composition, diversity and economic importance of homestead forests in the household economy
of central Bangladesh. The study documents 57 homestead forest species and their main usage in 90 households across three
villages of Gazipur Sadar Upazila. Homestead forests in Bangladesh comprise a mixture of fruit, timber and bamboo species.
While superficially homestead forestry appears unimportant in rural livelihoods, in reality the contribution is huge, both
as a source of food security and for other necessary household materials. A clear understanding of the physical characteristics
and economic role of homestead forests in rural livelihoods is vital for ensuring sustainable resource management. Income
and production of homestead forestry on a per hectare basis are found to vary widely between landholding size classes. Significant
relationships are identified between forest performance (production and income) and species richness and education level.
Homestead forestry appears to be a potential subsistence income generating land-use practice in the study area. The economic
scope of homestead forestry can be further enhanced provided the appropriate species composition of the forest is achieved
and the education of forest owners is ensured through targeted management and policy interventions. 相似文献
2.
Martin Barrette Stéphane Tremblay Isabelle Auger 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2018,33(8):756-763
Commercial thinning enables forest managers to meet timber production objectives. Thinning reduces tree density to alleviate competition for resources and favour growth of selected tree species. However, in doing so, thinning can homogenize the composition of mixed-species forests and raise biodiversity issues. There is increasing evidence that species richness can lead to higher productivity through a complementarity effect. Hence, thinning that would maintain species diversity of mixed-species forests could enhance stand productivity and help forest managers to reconcile timber production objectives and biodiversity issues. The objective of this study was to compare post-thinning stand production, experimentally over 10 years, in mixed and monospecific stands of black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.). The post-thinning stand production curve of the mixed stand converged toward that of the unthinned mixed stand while the production curves of the thinned and unthinned monospecific stands remained parallel. The convergent productivity of the mixed stand could be explained by a positive interaction between effects of thinning and niche complementarity. We propose that thinning that maintains species diversity of mixed stands could help forest managers who are implementing ecosystem management to reconcile timber production objectives with biodiversity issues. 相似文献
3.
Owing to the economic, social and environmental impacts associated with timber harvesting by small-scale forest owners, a number of studies have characterized their profiles, motivations and activities at a given time. However, little research has focused on how timber production has been affected by changes in the prevalence of types of forest owners over time. A 2012 telephone survey of Quebec (Canada) small-scale forest owners reveals relationships between level of harvesting and socio-demographic factors, and an evolution of these factors by examining the results of surveys conducted in 1973 and 1985. Within the same population, property size, distance between owners’ forest and homes, possession of a forest management plan, gender, education level, the length of ownership are correlated with how likely respondents were to harvest timber on their forest. Furthermore, comparison with results from previous surveys of the same population show an increase in the prevalence of characteristics associated with owners who place less importance on timber harvesting in their management decisions. Overall, since the initial survey of forest owners conducted in 1973, the size of forest holdings in Quebec has decreased, respondents’ education level has improved and the proportion of forests owned by women have increased. However, these changes are occurring at a relatively slow rate, giving government authorities time to implement policies to encourage harvesting among the new generation of forest owners. 相似文献
4.
Md. Abiar Rahman Masakazu Tani Kazuo Asahiro S. M. Asik Ullah 《Small-Scale Forestry》2017,16(3):295-309
A homestead is an integrated production system where trees, crops, livestock and poultry are found in and around the household residence in Bangladesh. It is a potential production unit that provides various product, service and ecological functions. Almost all people in Bangladesh including landless households have homesteads in which they grow trees and crops even in a small piece of land. This study characterizes the species composition, diversity and productivity of the homestead production system in the Teknaf peninsula, southeastern Bangladesh. Survey data collection was from a total of 180 homesteads covering five household categories: large, medium, small, marginal and landless. Vegetable, fruit, timber, and livestock and poultry were common components in the homestead production system. Various types of plants were mainly concentrated in back yards, front yards, boundaries and corners of homesteads. The mean number of tree species per homestead was about 15. In total, 189 tree and shrub species were recorded, and were distinctly high and low in the large (363.7) and landless (55.7) household categories. Species composition, diversity and productivity of homesteads were found to be related to household categories. Richness and diversity of tree and shrub species increased with household size. Betel nut was the dominant tree species followed by mango, jackfruit and coconut. Annual income from homesteads also varied among the household categories, with a mean contribution of the homestead to annual income of about 25 %. A large portion of homestead income came from betel nut trees. There is scope to increase species diversity and income by designing homesteads with the engagement of women and other family members. 相似文献
5.
Rahman M. Motiur Jiro Tsukamoto Yasushi Furukawa Zenichiro Shibayama Isao Kawata 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(4):285-294
This study determined existing quantitative stand structure and its implication on silvicultural management of homestead forestry. The results showed that fruit and timber species have importance values of 57% and 43%, respectively, in the study area, which is in contrast to the commonly held view of absolute domination of fruit species. The fruit species were only moderately dominant over timber species in relation to the quantitative stand structure of homestead forests. Two fruit species, Mangifera indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus, contribute about one third of the stand structure, while amongst the timber species Samanea saman and Albizia spp. are the most important species. A simulated evaluation of soil expectation value of homestead forest showed that the existing stand structure would not maximize the financial gain perpetually, in contrast, the quantitative stand structure could be effectively regulated to maximize grower benefit without compromising the existing biodiversity. Optimization of the quantitative stand structure of homestead forests could be achieved by changing the species composition, specifically by increasing the percentage of commercially valuable species like Michelia champaca, Tectona grandis, Artocarpus chapalasha, Gmelina arborea, Litchi chinensis, Citrus grandis, Psidium guajava, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Swietenia mahogany, etc., reducing the percentage of species like Mangifera indica, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Cocos nucifera, Samanea saman, Spondias pinnata, Phoenix sylvestris, etc., and eradicating species like Lannea coromandelica and Ficus benghalensis. It was estimated that the optimal relative density of fruit and timber species that would generate optimal financial benefit would be 40.4% and 59.6%, respectively. 相似文献
6.
The cultivation of different plants around homesteads for subsistence and cash income has been a long tradition in Bangladesh. This study explores stand structure, composition, and biodiversity within the homestead agroforests of the drought-prone, northwestern region of Bangladesh. In 96 randomly selected homesteads within 3 study villages, we identified 56 tree species. Among those, Mangifera indica (mango) was the most popular fruit bearing species. Four non-parametric diversity indices were derived to provide a characterization of biodiversity. The Sørenson similarity index was also used to compare the similarity of species among different landholding size classes. The overall Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index and Pielou's evenness index values were 1.82 and 0.45, respectively. This study confirms that the farmers had strong preference for fruit species over timber yielding ones, and because of better growth performance natives were preferred over exotics. 相似文献
7.
The heterogeneous nature of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners and the challenge this heterogeneity presents for
effective policy and program design and delivery is widely recognised. Understanding the socio-economic and motivational differences
between various types of landowners will better equip policymakers and forest extension professionals to design policies and
programs that efficiently promote private sector timber production and forest conservation outcomes. The purpose of this study
was to develop a survey-based empirical typology of Tasmanian NIPF owners based on their stated objectives of forest ownership
and to relate owner type to a range of observable property and owner characteristics as well as to timber harvesting and forest
management behaviour. Using principal component analysis (PCA) followed by means cluster analysis, four distinct groups are
identified: income and investment owners, non-timber output owners, agriculturalists, and multi-objective owners. Members of these groups are found to differ significantly in terms of their personal and property characteristics, as well
as their timber harvesting and management behaviour. For example, members of the non-timber output owners, who are motivated solely by objectives related to the production and protection of the non-timber outputs of forests, have
similar proportions of timber on their property, but are less likely to have harvested timber from their property, than all
other groups. 相似文献
8.
There is increasing worldwide interest in land-use allocation and management within the sphere of rural planning and development. The study of land-use patterns mainly focuses on understanding the practices and values of individuals involved, and no debate of this issue would be complete without taking into account non-industrial private forest (NIPF) ownership as a key component in most rural areas worldwide. This paper empirically explores and assesses NIPF owners' management in terms of analysing dynamics in farming and forestry practices (past conversions from forestland to meadow and from marginal meadow to woodland, and intentions to change the current productive forest species and to extend the area of woodland) and landholding attributes (size and degree of parcellation in productive forestland). Logistic regression models were also used to investigate the probabilities and influencing factors involved in transforming marginal meadows to woodland, and attempts on the part of NIPF owners to change the current productive forest species and increase productive forestland. For this, a total of 103 NIPF owners in Northern Spain were interviewed in person, in March 2004, about their commitment to and involvement in land management during 1999–2003. The models correctly explained 73.3%, 83.7% and 73.3% of the variability in having converted marginal meadow in woodland and of future intentions to change the productive forest species and increase the area of productive forestland, respectively. The results of the study indicate that forest management mainly responds to investment and increasing the productivity of the land as a capital asset, which is directly influenced by the size and degree of parcellation of the holding, and directly or indirectly related to the owner's interest in timber production. The results may be used by forest professionals, researchers and policymakers in order to design and execute successful forest policies related to land management and planning. 相似文献
9.
Social networks play an important role in the communication of information among forest owners and how owners process that information in making land management decisions. This article examines variations in the social network characteristics of family forest owners using survey data and interviews with 42 owners in south-central Indiana. We examine how network structure and content vary by harvesting activity, information sources, ownership attributes, sociodemographic characteristics, and location. Quantitative measures of network size and diversity, along with a qualitative understanding of network content and function are discussed and compared for active and passive forest managers. We find that active managers (people who had a recent timber harvest) had at least twice as many social ties related to forest management compared to passive managers, particularly after accounting for parcel ownership size, forest area, and total landholding size. Learning and service were the main functions of these networks, with learning being the most frequently cited reason for talking to others regardless of the management profile of forest owners. The study contributes to a growing interest in mixed-methods approaches to network studies and research on social networks in private forestry. 相似文献
10.
Community forest management helps in mitigating deforestation and forest degradation by addressing the negative aspects of rural livelihoods such as poverty and social exclusion. It is important in regulating global climate by encouraging sequestration of carbon in shoots, roots and soils. We studied the status of community forest management, forest resource harvest and carbon stocks in two community forests of the mid hill region of central and western Nepal. The study was based on primary and secondary data collected through carbon stock measurement from field visits and allometric equations, household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and review of past studies. Socioeconomic variables such as gender, age group, livestock and landholding status were related to resource utilization, conservation, and management of community forest. Forest resources such as timber, firewood, fodder and leaf litter were harvested in sustainable ways. People were involved in forest thinning, co-management meetings, guarding and planting trees for forest conservation and management. Density and carbon stock of trees increased gradually in comparison to a previous study. We recommend further research on other community forests for more accurate and better results. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Forest Policy and Economics》2000,1(3-4):209-223
Forestry has transformed the tree species composition and structure of Swedish forests. The fragmented ownership pattern in areas with non-industrial private forest ownership (NIPF), in combination with these forestry practices, have created fragmented forests with relatively low proportions of habitat types important to many species. Ecological landscape planning has been suggested and tested as a mean for integrating nature conservation and timber production in Sweden. However, ecological landscape planning concepts have been developed for areas with homogenous ownership patterns and not for areas with fragmented ownership. In this study, stands that are voluntarily set aside by individual forest owners were examined in terms of nature conservation value, and compared to randomly selected stands obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. In order to obtain rather detailed data about the set-aside stands, semi-standardized interviews were carried out directly with forest owners in three landscape areas dominated by NIPF. The interviews showed that 26 out of 29 forest owners could locate some stands where they did not have high requirements for timber yield. These stands had higher than average local and spatial nature conservation value as a result of stand structure, composition and location in the landscape. The stands did not have a random location or size, being found closer to key habitats as well as forming equally large or larger patches than other stands. These stands are suggested to form a basis for ecological landscape planning as forest owners seem to have some kind of ‘common view’ of which stands to set aside. This common view could be used to coordinate the contribution made by individual forest owners to nature conservation in areas with fragmented ownership patterns. 相似文献
13.
《Forest Policy and Economics》2008,10(3):98-107
The objectives of nature conservation can often only be realised by changing forest management regimes. Thus far, mainly institutional regulations have been used to achieve these goals. However, in Germany there is strong political interest in encouraging contract-based forest management whereby forest owners receive financial compensation for losses when changing over forest management regime. Such compensation is commonly paid in the German agricultural sector but is absent in forestry.When managing forests for social convenience, forest enterprises are faced with financial losses. With regard to practical experience in forestry there is a considerable lack of information about the economic consequences.To estimate the losses related to changes in silvicultural treatment, a calculation scheme based on the annuity method has been developed and figures have been calculated for different tree species and age classes. The annual timber production value determined per ha and year is documented in tables and, as shown by examples, could be applied to evaluate typical changes in forest management such as the renunciation of forest production, change of tree species, premature harvest and the preservation of mature stands.Standardised annual timber production values for different tree species, yield classes, management schemes etc. can be helpful to estimate the financial losses for forest-land owners when changing the management strategy. These financial losses can also be interpreted as the minimum price which has to be offered to forest land owners when a contract-based forest management is striven for by the government. 相似文献
14.
Matthew J. Kelty Luisa Cámara-Cabrales James Grogan 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(7):637-653
Complex mixed-species forests are the focus of conservation efforts that seek to maintain native biodiversity. However, much of this forestland is privately owned and is managed for timber income as well as for conservation. Management of these high-diversity forests is particularly difficult when only one tree species produces the majority of high-value timber. We examined the past and current management of two regions which have those characteristics: Massachusetts, USA, with red oak (Quercus rubra L.) as the key timber species, and Quintana Roo, México, with big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) as the most valuable species. These regions have different ecological characteristics, forest ownership types, landowner income, and importance of timber in total income, yet the silvicultural approach (low-intensity selective cutting) is surprisingly similar, and is generally failing to provide the conditions needed for regeneration and growth of key species. In both situations, the reluctance to harvest low-value species and interest in minimizing forest disturbance complicates management. Successful balance of timber harvest and forest conservation may be an important factor in preventing conversion of these lands to agriculture or residential development, but socioeconomic conditions (property tax policies and landowner affluence) play an important part in the outcome. 相似文献
15.
Lithuania has been undergoing a transition from one political culture (based on a centrally planned economy and a one-party
system) to a radically different political culture (market economy and a democratic political system). After the declaration
of independence in Lithuania, some new phenomena emerged in forestry: the privatisation of forest industry, the formation
of a free timber market; increasing timber export levels; and new modes of ownership (private forests) and enterprise (private
business logging companies). Private forest owners control approximately 680,000 ha of forest, 33% of the total forest area,
projected to increase to 40–45% in the future. Small-scale private forestry is developing in Lithuania but there is a lack
of information about the objectives and problems of private forest owners. This paper presents the main results of a survey
carried out in 2004 by the Lithuanian Forest Research Institute. The most important forest ownership objectives are firewood
production for home consumption, income generation from wood and non-wood product sales, and protection of nature and biodiversity.
The main problems for private forest owners are that the forest properties are too small to achieve efficiency, owners lack
money for silviculture activities and there is a heavy bureaucratic system for forest-related activity documentation. A cluster
analysis of respondents’ ratings of importance for various forest management objectives reveals four groups of private forest
owners. These groups are named according to their dominant management objective, as multi-objective owners, businessmen, consumers
and ecologists. 相似文献
16.
From Framework to Forest Activities: A Comparative Analysis of Different Ownership Types in Two Adjacent Regions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The paper examines the interactions between the demands of society, the restrictions due to recreational and protective functions
of forests and the intensity and kind of forest management in the various ownership classes in Switzerland (CH) and Baden–Württemberg
(BW) in south–west Germany. A survey was carried out among owners of communal forests, private forest landholders owning more
than 200 ha of forest land and small-scale forest enterprises with up to 200 ha of forest land. The survey adopted a two-dimensional
approach, using regions and comparable ownership classes in order to identify basic differences and underlying key drivers.
It became obvious that there are relevant distinctions between the two countries. The paper highlights the present use of
forests, the restrictions perceived by their owners, and the underlying management strategies in terms of structure of the
forests, tree species composition and thinning activities. In BW the financial function is the dominant motivation for the
majority of the private owners. The communities emphasize both timber and non-timber functions of their forests. Except for
the protection function (avalanches, rockslides) the utilisation and importance of the forest in CH is lower than in BW. Profitability
of forests continues to be a key-driver of intensity of forest management activities, but there is less influence on the choice
of basic silvicultural strategies. The results of this comparative survey are placed in the context of a forest policy framework
and the medium-term financial situation in the two countries.
相似文献
| Christoph HartebrodtEmail: |
17.
Frederick Cubbage Gustavo Balmelli Adriana Bussoni Elke Noellemeyer Anibal N. Pachas Hugo Fassola Luis Colcombet Belén Rossner Gregory Frey Francis Dube Marcio Lopes de Silva Hayley Stevenson James Hamilton William Hubbard 《Agroforestry Systems》2012,86(3):303-314
Silvopasture systems combine trees, forage, and livestock in a variety of different species and management regimes, depending on the biophysical, economic, cultural, and market factors in a region. We describe and compare actual farm practices and current research trials of silvopastoral systems in eight regions within seven countries of the world: Misiones and Corrientes provinces, Argentina; La Pampa province, Argentina; northwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil; the Aysén region of Patagonia, Chile; the North Island of New Zealand; the Southeast United States; Paraguay; and Uruguay. Some countries use native trees and existing forests; some use plantations, particularly of exotic species. Natural forest silvopasture systems generally add livestock in extensive systems, to capture the benefits of shade, forage, and income diversification without much added inputs. Plantation forest systems are more purposive and intensive, with more focus on joint production and profits, for small owners, large ranches, and timber companies. Trends suggest that more active management of both natural and planted silvopastoral systems will be required to enhance joint production of timber and livestock, achieve income diversification and reduce financial risk, make more profit, improve environmental benefits, and realize more resilience to adapt to climate change. 相似文献
18.
Nur Muhammed Md. Farhad Hossain Masum Md. Mohitul Hossain Sheeladitya Chakma Gerhard Oesten 《林业研究》2013,24(3):591-597
Homestead forests contribute substantially to the rural economy of Bangladesh. Rural people depend on trees and plants for their energy usage, housing, food and other forms of subsistence livelihood. In order to identify the potential role of forests on homestead dwellers, an empirical field investigation was conducted in the four Upazilas of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. It was found that land holdings of the respondents within the four sites are the highest in Mymensingh. The study made an important observation that among all homestead vegetation between 5–6 years old, tree species are generally preferred over plants. This is perhaps due to the efforts of the social forestry extension service to demonstrate that planting trees is an important long-term investment. In all four Upazilas, there was a significant correlation between household annual income and homestead forestry, agriculture and fisheries practice, suggesting that higher income families tend to have larger holdings of homesteads, farms and pond areas. Three Upazilas displayed a strong positive relationship (nearly 45%) between homestead forest areas and annual family income; however, the Fulbaria Upazila showed a very poor relationship (0.2%) in this regard. The results of this study suggest that homestead forests play a positive role in the rural economy, in addition to helping mitigate the increasing problem of deforestation in Bangladesh. 相似文献
19.
This paper describes the use by family forest landowners of educational programs provided by Washington State University Cooperative
Extension (WSUCE), and the associated use of technical assistance programs provided by state and federal agencies and the
private sector. Approximately 100,000 family forest owners controlled 19% or over 1.2 M ha of Washington’s forestland and
accounted for 29% of the timber harvested in the state on a volume basis in 1998. A variety of public and private assistance
and education programs are available to encourage and help family forest owners manage their forests. In 1999 a mail survey
was conducted to evaluate use and effectiveness of Washington’s family forest assistance and education programs. Over half
of the 872 responding family forest landowners had contact with an extension educator, program or educational material, and
about three quarters of these respondents gave an overall rating of the usefulness of extension programs and materials as
good or excellent. Respondents attending WSUCE forestry educational programs have larger median land ownership size, are older,
have owned their forests longer, have a higher rate of absentee ownership, and are better educated than non-users. They are
more likely to actively manage their forests for timber production and exhibit a clearer understanding of the multiple-use
capabilities of their forests. 相似文献
20.
Patrick Hiesl 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(3):309-321
The U.S. South contains nearly one-third of the nation’s forests and 40% of its productive timberland. This makes the southern U.S. an important part of the wood supply chain. In South Carolina, family forests cover 55% of the 13 million acres of forestland, and contribute significantly to the annual timber harvest volume. However, not all family forest owners are engaged in forest management activities. To better understand the needs and behaviors of family forest owners that are actively engaged in forest management an online survey was developed and sent to family forest owners that actively seek the help of extension agents. Results of a latent-class analysis of survey responses showed that there are three distinct groups of family forest owners that engage with extension agents: hands-on timber managers, hands-off timber managers, and multiple-use land managers. These groups differ in their utilization of help from a consulting forester and their ways of selecting timber harvesting contractors for forest management activities. Eighty-eight percent of respondents reported that their major goal of a thinning was to maximize future revenues. When asked about the expected outcome of a cleat-cut, 69% expected all trees to be removed, whereas the rest expected outcomes similar to selection, seed-tree, or commercial clear-cuts. Overall, this survey provides initial information to better focus outreach and extension efforts, but also highlights how family forest owners engage in their timber harvest. 相似文献