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1.
不同类型组合大豆杂交后代灰斑病抗性的遗传分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本实验在人工接种大豆灰斑病菌的条件下，利用五个不同类型的杂交组合的Ｆ＿１、Ｆ＿２、Ｆ＿３进行抗性分析。结果表明：双亲抗感差异大的组合较双亲抗感差异小的组合的Ｆ＿２代变异系数高３２．４％，但到了Ｆ＿３、Ｆ＿４代变异系数之比仅为１．０８：０．９６。双亲抗感差异大的（抗×感）、（感×抗）组合的抗性随世代的升高而下降；双亲抗感差异小的（感×感）、（抗×抗）组合的抗性随世代的升高而提高。本文讨论了这两种杂交后代抗性遗传规律的原因，以及在抗性育种亲本选配和后代选择上的应用。 相似文献
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大豆抗感SCN基因的一个RAPD标记 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对组合ＲＮｇ（抗）× ７７０５（感）的Ｐ１、Ｐ２、Ｆ１、Ｆ２、ＢＣ１Ｆ１和ＢＣ１Ｆ２分离群体进行抗病性鉴定,遗传分析的结果表明,大豆对ＳＣＮ１号小种的抗性由４对相互独立的主基因、包括一对显性基因和三对重叠的隐性基因决定。用 ＢＳＡ法筛选在五个 ＢＣ１Ｆ２分离家系内具有多态性的 ＲＡＰＤ标记,发现 ＲＡＰＤ标记 ＯＰＡ０１９１２００在亲本间及 ＢＣ１Ｆ２分离群体内具有多态性,只能在感亲、 ＢＣ１Ｆ２家系 １１和 ４３的感病单株中扩增出来,表明和这两个家系独有的感病基因有关。 相似文献
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大豆对SMV3号株系成株抗性遗传的研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
通过四个对东北大豆花叶病毒３号株系的感×抗杂组合的Ｆ１，Ｆ２和回交ＢＣ１群体的成株抗性分析，明确了四个创新抗源的遗传特点及其应用价值。哈９１Ｒ３－１８２，哈９１Ｒ３－１８８，其抗性是由两对互补隐性基因控制的，Ｆ２抗感分离比例为７：９．哈９１Ｒ３－３０１，哈９１Ｒ３－３１０其成株抗性是由两对互补显性基因控制的Ｆ，代抗感分离比例为９：７，这中份种质可作为东北地区抗ＳＭＶ育种的理想抗源。 相似文献
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长武８９（１）—３—４是以小黑麦代换系“代９６”作锈病抗源，经复合杂交后选育而成，其系谱为：［（长武１３１×代９６）Ｆ１×Ｆ长武１３１］Ｆ４×（京花三号×ＮＳ２６７１）Ｆ１。该品种集中了各亲本材料的主要优点，表现出良好的综合性状：①抗病──对目前存在的各种条锈生理小种免疫，对白粉病和赤霉病中抗；②抗逆──耐旱、抗冻、抗倒；③高产──在丰雨年或半水地种植，产量达７５００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２；④稳产──在特大干旱年份，仍能保持３０００—５０００ｋｇ／ｈｍ２的产量；⑤优质──蛋白质含量１５．２％，赖氨酸０．３８％，湿面筋４３．２％，沉降值４８ｍｌ。该品种突出的抗锈性是转入了小黑麦代换系（代９６）的抗锈基因之结果。它的育成为小麦抗锈育种找到了新抗源，开辟了新途径。 相似文献
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东农３０３（Ｓ．Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）核型为：２＝４ｘ＝４８＝５×（４）＋５×（４）ＳＭ＋１×（４）ＳＴ＋１×［（２）ＳＴ＋（２）］，组型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１１Ⅳ＋＋（１Ⅱ＋１Ⅱ）＝５Ｍ（Ｂ、Ｅ、Ｇ、Ｋ、Ｌ）＋５ＳＭ（Ａ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｈ、Ｊ）＋１ＳＴ（Ⅰ）＋１［（Ｔ＋ＳＴ）（Ｆ）］。Ｓ４－５－３－６－５－１－５０－（１０）（Ｓ．Ｔｕｂｅｒｏｓｕｍ）核型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝４８＝４×（４）Ｍ＋６×（４）ＳＭ＋１×（４）ＳＴ＋１×［（２）ＳＴ＋（２）Ｔ］，组型为：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝１１Ⅳ＋（１Ⅱ＋１Ⅱ）＝４Ｍ（Ｅ、Ｇ、Ｋ、Ｌ）＋６ＳＭ（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ，Ｄ、Ｈ、Ｊ）＋１ＳＴ（Ⅰ）＋１［（Ｔ＋ＳＴ）（Ｆ）］。Ａ组与Ｆ组带有髓体，两份供试材料的对应组中染色体略有分化，但基本一致。 相似文献
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俄罗斯小麦蚜虫（Ｄｉｕｒａｐｈｉｓｎｏｘｉａ）是大麦的一种灾害性害虫。最近在大麦生产中推广的品种ＳＴＡＲＳ－９３０１Ｂ是一个最为突出的抗源材料，用它在温室内进行研究，目的是确定抗蚜性的基因控制。１９９２－１９９３年对Ｍｏｒｅｘ（一个易感麦蚜的啤酒大麦品种）和ＳＴＡＲＳ—９３０１Ｂ进行杂交，并对亲本、Ｆ１、反交Ｆ１、Ｆ２回交群体以及２３１个Ｆ３株系进行了遗传分析。Ｆ２及回交群体的分离结果表明抗性是受多基因控制的，而抗蚜的１４个Ｆ３纯合株系和１６个Ｆ３纯合中抗株系可以表明ＳＴＡＮＳ—９３０１Ｂ的抗性是受两个基因控制的。对Ｆ２回交后代及双亲的资料进行分析，结果表明显性基因（Ｄｎｂ２）对不完全显性基因（Ｄｎｂ１）具有稳定性上位作用，这种形式的基因控制在育种当中每一轮进行抗性筛选是非常重要的。 相似文献
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三个组合苎麻杂交一代性状分离变异如下：（１）形态学性状分离复杂、类型繁多，如（黄壳早×芦竹青）Ｆ１６８个单蔸可分为６３个类型。（２）经济性状变异显著，如株高和单蔸分株数的变异系数为１０．２—１９．７％和４１．０—４１．７％，各组合后代不同类型间单纤维支数的差异为５００—１０００支，变异系数为１０．４－１５．５％。（３）有些组合Ｆ１的叶面绉纹少：多、幼茎绿色：黄绿、叶形卵圆：椭圆等符合１：１的分离比例，而叶缘锯齿深尖：浅钝、托叶红色：黄白等分离比例适合９：７。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献