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以野生酸枣为原料，经热水浸提，过滤即得酸枣原汁。配以适当比例的白砂糖，柠檬酸，纯净水，放入夹层锅中进行第１次灭菌后装入玻璃瓶中，压封瓶盖，放入蒸汽消毒柜中，经９５－１００℃再次灭菌３０ｍｉｎ，即为酸枣加工产品－清凉酸枣饮料。 相似文献
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以蓝莓为主要原料,甜味剂、酸味剂,稳定剂等为辅料,采用正交实验设计,确定果肉型蓝莓饮料的最佳配比。实验结果表明,果肉型蓝莓饮料的最佳配方为：果汁200mL;糖度10Brix％;柠檬酸0．06％;苹果酸0．06％;CMC-Na0．20％、黄原胶0．06％、卡拉胶0．06％;均质压力：25MPa;杀菌条件：90～100℃,10min。最终产品口感细腻,质地均匀,具有天然蓝莓特有的香气,酸甜可口,适合各类人群。 相似文献
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以野生蓝莓、荚蒾、光叶山楂、山荆子、不同光照强度花楸、引种黑果腺肋花楸为材料,采用紫外可见分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定6种浆果中的主要品质特性;结果表明野生蓝莓中花青素含量为147.965 mg/100g,矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的含量占总花色苷的20.93%;野生蓝莓的总黄酮含量为459.63 mg/100g,山荆子多糖含量为163.62 mg/g,是野生蓝莓的2.05倍,总黄酮含量为1403.71 mg/100g,是野生蓝莓的3.05倍;不同光照强度花楸的营养成分和活性物质随着光照强度(颜色深度)的增强而增高;引种黑果腺肋花楸花青素含量为615.234 mg/100g,是野生蓝莓的4.16倍,其中矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的含量占总花色苷的97.34%,同时总黄酮含量为2271.30mg/100g,是野生蓝莓的4.94倍。光叶山楂和荚蒾营养价值相对较低,宜作为观赏植物;黑果腺肋花楸中花色苷、总黄酮、多糖含量较高,具有很高的营养价值和药用价值。 相似文献
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黑龙江省大兴安岭地区具有国内独一无二的野生蓝莓资源优势和绿色生态优势,随着蓝莓产业化项目的逐步实施,蓝莓产业必将成为大兴安岭主导产业的最佳替代产业之一。一、大兴安岭蓝莓产业现状大兴安岭是矮丛野生蓝莓笃斯越橘的集中产地,是新品种 相似文献
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为研究水肥耦合对蓝莓新梢生长、产量及果实品质的影响情况,以大田条件下5年生的兔眼蓝莓‘灿烂’为供试材料,采用不同的水分(W)、肥料(F)耦合处理,结果表明:水肥耦合可显著提高蓝莓产量及果实内在品质,蓝莓产量最高及最低的处理分别为中肥高水处理(F2W4)及低肥低水处理(F3W1),F2W2处理可有效提高蓝莓花青素含量,F2W3处理可有效提高蓝莓可溶性糖含量,F2W4处理可降低蓝莓可滴定酸含量,从而提高可溶性固形物含量。不同水肥耦合处理对果实纵横径、果形指数及单果质量均无显著影响。综合来看,中肥中高水处理(F2W2及F2W3)是最佳的水肥配比模式。 相似文献
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Domestication and improvement of traditionally used wild indigenous fruit trees hold great promise in agroforestry development. Strychnos cocculoides is a wild indigenous fruit tree that was ranked third by farmers and is one of the priority species chosen for domestication in southern Africa. This study was conducted with the objective of determining the variability in fruit, seed and germination characteristics of four populations of Strychnos cocculoides collected from Zambia. Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between and within provenances in fruit, pericarp and pulp weights. Fruits from Kalulushi provenance were heaviest (296 g) whereas the lightest were Petauke provenance fruits (158 g). The pulp content of heavy and light fruits were 52.8% and 47.6% respectively. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the number of seeds per fruit within and between the provenances. In contrast, the seed weight was significantly different (P < 0.05) within and between provenances. The heaviest seeds were found in the heaviest fruits — Kalulushi while the lightest were found in Serenje provenance. Fruit weight was positively correlated with pulp weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.70), pericarp weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.54) and seed weight (P < 0.001, r = 0.76). The provenances differed significantly (P < 0.05) in cumulative germination percentage, ranging from 56 (Kalulushi) to 83 (Kasama).This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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黑龙江省大小兴安岭的各种森林资源丰富,其中野生蓝莓资源十分珍贵,可是尚未得到充分地科学开发利用。如果在该省建立一流的野生蓝莓精深加工企业,将会进一步提升野生蓝莓的价值与影响力,为区域经济发展做出贡献。 相似文献
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为延长蓝莓贮藏时间,以‘灿烂’蓝莓为试材,将果实放入不同的缓释保鲜纸后在PE袋中低温冷藏,对贮藏期间鲜果的质量损失率、硬度、还原糖含量、可滴定酸含量、总酚含量、花色苷含量等理化指标进行测定分析,研究1-MCP和SO_2缓释保鲜纸对蓝莓采后冷藏品质的影响。结果表明:1-MCP缓释保鲜纸可有效减少蓝莓的质量损失,维持蓝莓硬度,减少坏果率,提高和保持还原糖和花色苷含量,降低可滴定酸和总酚含量,延缓可溶性固形物含量高峰的出现,使蓝莓保持良好的风味和耐贮藏性。SO_2缓释保鲜纸及1-MCP缓释保鲜纸和SO_2缓释保鲜纸一起使用,虽能够减少蓝莓质量损失,增加硬度,但对还原糖、花色苷、可滴定酸、总酚含量等指标无积极作用,且SO_2药害的存在,使得蓝莓外观受到严重影响,风味大幅下降,因此不适合用于蓝莓保鲜。 相似文献
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S. De Smedt K. Alaerts A. M. Kouyaté P. Van Damme G. Potters R. Samson 《Agroforestry Systems》2011,82(1):87-97
We analyzed the phenotypic variation of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) fruits from Mali to define the domestication potential of this species. 269 trees, selected from 10 provenances distributed
along a rainfall gradient, were characterized. Five fruits were sampled from each tree. Total individual fruit weight was
partitioned into shell, pulp, and seed weight. Ratios were calculated between pulp + seed and total weight, and between pulp
and seed weight. For all the measured fruit traits, we detected significant differences between provenances, as well as between
trees from the same provenance. Assuming that the measured traits are under genetic control, the latter facts indicate that
there are considerable opportunities for tree selection on a local scale. However, candidate plus trees with specific properties,
e.g., extremely high pulp or seed weight, were found only in some locations. Mean pulp yield per fruit might be considerably
increased by selecting the 5% trees with the highest pulp weight (mean: 45 ± 1 g, best 5%: >100 g). The same might be true
for seed production (mean: 71 ± 2 g, best 5%: >150 g). Also the ratio between pulp and seed weight can be an important fruit
characteristic for selection: in fruits with a low ratio, relatively more pulp sticks to the seeds when separating the two
fruit parts by grinding, and thus more pulp will be lost for further processing. We identified several trees with a high pulp
weight combined with a high ratio between pulp and seed weight. It is concluded that there is considerable phenotypic variability
in traits of baobab fruit in Mali, offering opportunities for cultivar selection. 相似文献
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Forty-five species of wild edible fruits were identified and traditional local knowledge of their usage was recorded in 40 villages of Kodagu district in Central Western Ghats, India one of the eight top hotspots of biodiversity in the world. We combined biodiversity inven-tory of trees with village interviews to record traditional ecological knowledge. Wild edible fruits were an opportunistic source of food for rural people. Wild edible fruits were rich in minerals, vitamins, carbohy-drates, proteins, fats and fiber. In recent years there has been a decline in numbers of wild fruit trees due to changes in land use from uncultivated private wooded area to cardamom and coffee cultivation. The availability of wild edible fruits that were once very common on private cultivated areas has declined and their distributions are now restricted more to jungles and wildlife sanctuaries. We propose methods for conservation and describe the need for sustainable utilization to provide supplemen-tary sources of nutritional and pharmaceutically useful edible wild fruits. 相似文献
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An understanding of the inter-relationships between the traits characterising tree-to-tree variation in fruits and kernels
is fundamental to the development of selected cultivars based on multiple trait selection. Using data from previously characterised
marula (Sclerocarya birrea) trees in Bushbuckridge, South Africa and North Central Region of Namibia, this study examines the relationships between
the different traits (fruit pulp, flesh/juice mass, and nut shell and kernel mass) as a means to determine the opportunities
to develop cultivars. Strong and highly significant relationships were found between fruit mass and pulp mass in trees from
South Africa and Namibia, indicating that size is a good predictor of fruit pulp production. However, fruit size is not a
good predictor of nut or kernel production, as there were weak relationships between fruit and nut and/or kernel mass, which
varied between sites and landuses. Generally, the relationships between fruit mass and kernel mass were weaker than between
fruit mass and nut mass. Relationships between kernel mass and shell mass were generally weak. The lack of strong relationships
between fruit and kernel mass does, however, imply that there are opportunities to identify trees with either big fruits/small
nuts for pulp production, or trees with large kernels in relatively small fruits for kernel oil production. However, within
fruits from the same tree, nuts could contain 0–4 kernels, indicating that even in trees with an inherent propensity for large
kernels, improved pollination may be required to maximise kernel mass through an increase in kernel number. Finally, the relationships
between percentage kernel oil content and the measured morphological traits were also very weak. The conclusions of these
results are that there is merit in identifying different combinations of traits for the selection of trees producing either
pulp or kernels. Consequently, fruit and kernel ‘ideotypes’ are presented as guides to the selection of elite trees for cultivar
development. These results have important implications for the domestication of the species as a producer of fruits or kernels
for food/beverages or cosmetic oils. 相似文献
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We explored the temporal effects of fruit consumption on the subsequent seed germination pattern of a fleshy-fruited tree, the Chinese hackberry (Celtis sinensis). Via nursery-based sowing experiments, we investigated (1) how pulp removal affected seed germination patterns at the different stages of fruit maturation, and (2) how the timing of seed dispersal (August, October, and December) affected the germination patterns of seeds from ripe fruits after the removal of pulp. We found that the removal of pulp from around the seeds of ripe fruit had no effect on the percentage and timing of germination. In contrast, the removal of pulp from seeds of unripe fruits largely reduced the germination percentage. The time of sowing did not affect the germination percentage, whereas the timing of germination was delayed for seeds that were sown later or under shaded environments. 相似文献
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Tsutomu Yagihashi Mitsuhiro Hayashida Toshizumi Miyamoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(3):213-215
To evaluate what prevents seed germination and why ingestion by birds enhances germination, we carried out germination experiments
using bird-dispersed seeds of twoPrunus species (Prunus sargentii andP. ssiori) in the laboratory. Germination of seeds with following four treatments was compared: “Ingested seeds” excreted after feeding
of fruits to birds; “Extracted seeds” deliberately extracted from the fruit pulp; “Juiced seeds” which were supplemented with
the juice of the pulp after seeds had been deliberately extracted from the pulp; and “Intact seeds” in untreated whole fruits.
Many ingested (27%, 23% inP. sargentii, 18% inP. ssiori) and extracted seeds (24% inP. sargentii, 17% inP. ssiori) germinated, and difference in germination percentages between ingested and extracted seeds were not significant, for eitherPrunus species. The Juiced seeds rarely germinated (2% inP. sargentii, 6% inP. ssiori), and seeds within intact fruits did not germinate. These results suggest that the fruit pulp and the juice of the pulp inhibit
germination and the seeds could germinate without ingestion by birds once they had been manually extracted from pulp. Therefore,
it is considered that bird ingestion enahnces germination by removing pulp, especially juice of the pulp, in these twoPrunus species. 相似文献
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通过野外调查,初步查明丽水生态示范区野生果树共计28科56属178种,其中包括直接作果品食用、加工成果品制成品食用和作栽培果树育种材料3大类型。文中按果树栽培学的分类方法,将它们划分为仁果类(17种)、核果类(34种)、坚果类(23种)、浆果类(76种)、聚复果类(10种)和柿果及其他(13种)等6类。详细介绍了这些野生果树的种类、性状及其利用方式,并对野生果树资源的利用与保护提出了建议。 相似文献