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以褐藻酸钠为原料,采用过氧化氢氧化法制备褐藻酸钠裂解物,分析了裂解物对南美白对虾Penaeus vannamei虾仁质量的效果,并研究了对虾仁冷冻后品质的影响.结果表明,褐藻酸钠裂解物中的分子量大于6 kDa的裂解物HDX-A能有效改善冷冻后水分流失,虾仁经1％的浸泡液处理1h后进行冻藏不同时间后再解冻,HDX-A能够有效地阻止水分流失,从而保持虾仁水分且随时间的延长其保持能力并不减弱,而且随浸泡溶液浓度的增加效果增强.HDX-A主要是通过增加自由水含量而避免了冷冻后虾仁水分和营养流失.HDX-A还可有效地降低冷冻虾仁的蒸煮损失,1.5％处理的样品蒸煮损失最低,整体上蒸煮损失低于20％,120d时仅为15.6％左右,显著低于对照(P＜0.05).HDX-A可通过降低冷冻虾仁水分流失改善了粘弹性和破断力等流变学特性,提高了产品品质,可作为无磷品质改良剂替代复合磷酸盐. 相似文献
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即食半干虾仁加工技术研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）为试验原料,探索半干即食虾仁的加工技术。对蒸煮时间及顺序、调味配方、干制方式及杀菌条件等制作工艺关键步骤进行了研究,制作出风味浓郁、口感良好的半干即食虾仁。最佳的工艺条件为先蒸煮后调味,蒸煮时间为5min,通过正交试验筛选调味配方为1L水需加盐50．0g、糖50．0g、柠檬酸2．0g、味精5．0g,二段干燥,先后于50℃和60cC各烘干1h,80～85℃杀菌处理30rain,此条件下可以较好地保持产品的品质和风味。该研究为对虾的开发利用及提高产品附加值提供了新途径。 相似文献
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自动定氮仪测定水产品中的挥发性盐基氮 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用自动定氮仪测定法研究了罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticus)、蓝圆鲹(Decapterusmaruadsi)、凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)和近江牡蛎(Crassostrear ivularis)4种水产样品处理的高氯酸溶液浓度和浸提时间及其蒸馏前样液放置时间对挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)测定的影响。结果表明:以0.6mol·L-1高氯酸溶液均质样品2min后测定4种水产品中TVBN,样品加标回收率在98.42%～100.18%之间,相对标准偏差在1.40%以下。其测定结果与GB/T5009.44蒸馏法相比,不存在显著性差异,且操作简便、快速。 相似文献
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使用不同浓度的高氯酸溶液对罗非鱼(Tilapia niloticus)、蓝圆(Decapterus maruadsi)、南美白对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)和近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)4种水产品的肌肉样品进行前处理,并采用蒸馏法测定样品提取液中挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)的含量,研究了高氯酸溶液浓度、浸提时间和蒸馏前样品的放置时间对测定的结果影响。结果表明,以0.6 mol.L-1高氯酸溶液均质样品2 min后测定4种水产品中TVBN,样品加标回收率在98.35%~100.80%,相对标准偏差在1.53%以下。这种方法所得结果与GB/T 5009.44蒸馏法相比,不存在显著性差异,且操作简便、快速。[中国水产科学,2006,13(1):146-150] 相似文献
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熟制对虾虾仁超高压杀菌主要参数探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
实验通过不同的压力和保压时间处理虾仁,以此考察超高压的杀菌效果以及对产品品质的影响。结果表明,压力是影响杀菌效果的主要因素,当压力为600MPa,保压时间为20min时,虾仁中接种的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌总数分别下降7.1、7.0、7.2和4.3个log。枯草芽孢杆菌对高压最不敏感。超高压处理对产品的理化性质有一定影响,随着压力增大,水分含量有所减小,但幅度不大,色泽L值减小,红度a值无显著影响,硬度、弹性和咀嚼度都增大。在4℃低温保藏过程中,虾仁硬度有所增大,弹性无明显变化,而色泽红度呈现先缓慢增大后下降的趋势。感官评定结果表明,经600MPa保压15min的样品在4℃保藏60d后最被喜爱,120d后仍可被接受。 相似文献
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为解决现行水产品药物残留检测能力验证样品制备方式单一,现用能力验证样品实际检测分析难度与真实样品之间存在差距的现实问题,实验采用药浴给药的方式,研究了水温、药浴时间等因素对草鱼肌肉中AOZ残留浓度的影响。结果显示:在水温25℃、鱼体规格900~1 100 g、药浴10 h的条件下,草鱼肌肉中AOZ含量变化相对平稳,确立的药浴初始浓度x(μg/L)与草鱼肌肉中残留的AOZ浓度y(μg/kg)之间简单关式为y=0.22x。在此条件下制备了AOZ残留浓度为10.0μg/kg的能力验证样品,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品的均匀性和稳定性进行了评价。样品检测结果均匀性和稳定性良好,符合能力验证样品的要求。 相似文献
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栅栏技术在淡腌半干鲈鱼加工工艺中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为开发大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides,简称鲈鱼)淡腌加工制品,研究了淡腌半干鲈鱼的加工工艺。运用栅栏技术,通过分析淡腌半干鲈鱼加工过程各主要栅栏因子对制品的感官品质、风味和细菌总数的影响,优化前处理、腌制工艺(食盐、糖、酒、柠檬酸、腌制温度和时间)、干燥工艺(干燥方式、温度和水分活度)和包装工艺(包装前处理、杀菌方式、包装方式)等多种栅栏因子,获得最佳生产工艺。结果表明,鲈鱼前处理选择4g·L~(-1)柠檬酸进行浸泡清洗,采用食盐60 g·L~(-1),糖20 g·L~(-1),酒体积分数1.5%,在4℃腌制4 h,在(30±2)℃热泵干燥机中烘12 h,产品水分活度(Aw)控制在0.88左右,将产品真空包装在0~4℃放置24 h后进行巴氏杀菌(85℃,杀菌30 min),能很好地保持产品品质和风味,有效降低微生物数量,延长保质期,经贮藏实验表明淡腌鲈鱼半干制品在4℃条件下可贮藏2个月以上。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献
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Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response. 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献