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陕西渭北红富士苹果园土壤有效养分及长期施肥对产量的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
调查了陕西渭北地区915 个盛产期红富士苹果园的土壤有效养分、全年施肥和产量情况,
并在合阳县1 个果园通过8 年定位试验研究了长期施用氮、磷、钾肥对苹果产量、单果质量的影响及肥
料农学效率和肥料贡献率的变化。结果表明,土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的平均值分别为60.1
mg · kg-1、17.7 mg · kg-1 和173.0 mg · kg-1,有机质含量为12.6 g · kg-1,最高分布频率的土壤养分分布范围
分别为碱解氮40 ~ 60 mg · kg-1,速效磷10 ~ 20 mg · kg-1,速效钾150 ~ 200 mg · kg-1,有机质10 ~ 15 g · kg-1。
碱解氮和速效磷含量与苹果产量的相关性分别达到极显著和显著水平,土壤速效钾和有机质含量与产量
的相关性不显著。果园氮、磷、钾肥平均用量分别为纯N 454.5 kg · hm-2、P2O5 327.7 kg · hm-2、K2O 313.2
kg · hm-2,有机肥平均用量4.7 t · hm-2;纯N、P2O5 和K2O 用量均为200 ~ 400 kg · hm-2 的分布频率最高,
仅26.6%的果园施用有机肥。氮、磷、钾肥用量与苹果产量和土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量具有极显著或显著
相关性。在高产年份、中产年份和低产年份,氮肥对苹果产量、单果质量的影响效果及其农学效率和肥
料贡献率均大于磷和钾肥。对苹果产量的影响,高产年份磷肥显著大于钾肥,中、低产年则无显著差异。
对单果质量的影响效果,高产和中产年份磷肥和钾肥无显著差异,低产年份钾肥显著大于磷肥。氮、磷、
钾肥的农学效率和肥料贡献率,在高、中产年份为氮 > 磷 > 钾,低产年份为氮 > 钾 > 磷。 相似文献
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不同施氮水平对黄瓜产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了青紫塥粘田上施用氮肥对黄瓜产量和品质的影响.结果表明,在磷、钾肥底肥的基础上.施用氮肥具有显著增产作用,但施氮量在450 kg/hm2以上产量极显著降低.施用氮肥对黄瓜卫生标准没有明显影响,黄瓜硝酸盐舍量符合生食标准(<432 mg/kg).施氮水平对黄瓜的品质影响很大,VC含量,可溶性蛋白质在一定范围内有所提高,但随氮肥的进一步增加呈下降趋势,可溶性糖舍量在450～600 kg/hm2 范围内有所增高.综合考虑作物产量、品质、生产成本、人体健康等因素,在本试验条件下,黄瓜氮肥施用量为300 kg/hm2左右为宜. 相似文献
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以青花菜品种“绿丰”为试材,研究了氮磷钾对青花菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施氮钾增产效果显著,过多的施用氮肥促进硝态氮的积累显著,施钾可有效抑制硝态氮的积累;土壤钾含量较低的情况下,施氮增产不明显;施氮青花菜维生素C含量增加不显著,钾对青花菜维生素C积累作用明显. 相似文献
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《中国果菜》2016,(2)
江西省武宁县是蔬菜、水果种植大县。为了解武宁县水田土壤养分状况,从全县20个乡镇共采集3987个水田土壤样品检测土壤p H、有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。结果表明:武宁县土壤p H值、有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的变幅分别为4.2~8.2、2.1~80.4g/kg、90.2~378.5mg/kg、0.1~145.0mg/kg和6.4~601.4mg/kg,平均含量分别为5.3、24.5g/kg、164.7mg/kg、12.1mg/kg和102.3mg/kg。总体而言,武宁县土壤呈强酸性,有机质、速效磷和速效钾的含量处于中等水平,速效氮含量处于极高水平。各乡镇土壤p H和有机质含量相对较一致,便于统一管理,而土壤速效磷、速效钾、速效氮含量不均匀,则只能因地制宜采取措施加强管理。建议该县均衡施用氮磷钾肥,配施有机肥,增施石灰、草木灰等提高土壤综合肥力水平。 相似文献
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《中国果树》2016,(5)
对宁夏灵武市7个‘灵武长枣'种植基地土壤进行取样,测定分析土壤N、P、K、有机质含量等指标,比较其土壤养分状况。结果表明:7个基地土壤pH值在7.86~8.54之间,为微碱性土壤;全盐含量在0.13~1.04 g/kg,属于非盐渍化土壤;土壤有机质含量0.15%~1.47%,全氮、碱解氮含量分别为0.28~1.01 g/kg、24.99~88.60 mg/kg,速效磷含量1.33~32.93 mg/kg,速效钾含量在73.33~190.00 mg/kg。7个‘灵武长枣'种植基地的土壤养分差异较大,其中灵武市大泉林场、临河镇种植基地土壤肥力较好,绿源恒、银湖公司、郝家桥镇种植基地土壤肥力较差。‘灵武长枣'种植基地在土肥管理中,应多施用有机质和氮肥,适时补充磷肥,减少钾肥的施用量。 相似文献
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采用田间试验方法,研究不同施氮量(常规施氮量、1/3常规施氮量、1/2常规施氮量和2/3常规施氮量)对大棚番茄老株更新套种菜豆产量、土壤化学性状的影响。结果表明:适当减量施氮不会影响番茄产量。番茄老株更新套种菜豆栽培模式可以明显提高土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮含量;土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量、EC值均随施氮量增加呈增加的趋势;施用氮肥会降低土壤p H值,适当减量施氮可以提高土壤中的速效钾含量,但对土壤速效磷含量影响不大。综上所述,大棚番茄老株更新套种菜豆模式,施氮量为常规1/2即15 kg·(667 m~2)~(-1)时,不仅可以降低氮肥用量,提高土壤速效钾含量,还能保证番茄产量,且可额外增加菜豆产量。 相似文献
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在田间条件下,以5年树龄的‘法兰西’西梅树为研究对象,采用‘3414’完全实施施肥方案(N、P2O5、K2O三因素二水平的株施用量分别为0.093、0.017、0.190kg),测定其对‘法兰西’西梅产量及土壤养分的影响,以研究不同氮、磷、钾肥用量对‘法兰西’西梅产量及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:从各因素不同水平比较来看,施氮、磷、钾肥分别比不施氮、磷、钾肥处理‘法兰西’西梅株产量增加0.415~0.937、0.431~1.286、1.507~2.677kg,其中各因素以株施N 0.093kg增产0.937kg、P 0.017kg增产1.286kg、K 0.190kg增产2.677kg最高;根据肥料用量与产量所拟合的方程计算,最高产量的氮、磷、钾肥株施用量分别为0.075、0.015、0.210kg;不同施氮、磷、钾肥用量处理,对应的土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷含量均有明显的增加趋势;说明在合理施用基肥的基础上,合理确定氮、磷、钾肥的施用数量和配比对西梅产业的长期、高效、优质的发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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应用Merck RQflex 2型反射仪和硝酸根试纸条研究了氮肥施用数量和施用方式对宁夏银川平原结球甘蓝产量和品质的影响,并探讨了结球甘蓝硝酸盐与氮肥用量的相关性和速测指标.结果表明:结球甘蓝的产量随施肥量的增加而增加,表现出线性-平台关系;施氮肥促进结球甘蓝产量的增加和净菜率提高;根据关键需肥期进行追肥比传统的基肥加追肥具有显著的增产效果,且收获时体内硝酸盐水平降低;结球甘蓝心叶外第一片完全展开叶叶柄硝酸盐含量随施氮量增加而显著增加,但随生育期延长而下降.结球甘蓝最佳经济施氮量为528 kg/hm2,叶柄硝酸盐适宜含量为3 172.20mg/kg. 相似文献
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有机与无机氮肥配施对设施栽培菜田土壤肥力及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长期单独施用无机氮肥降低土壤有机质含量,而有机肥与无机氮肥配施提高了土壤中有机质的含量.长期施用氮肥对土壤中氮的增长并没有很明显的改善,而有机肥与无机氮肥配施显著提高了土壤有效氮的含量.长期施用无机氮肥降低了土壤中速效磷和速效钾的含量,而配施有机肥提高了土壤速效钾的含量,而速效磷含量变化不显著.长期偏施氮肥容易导致土壤pH值下降,土壤酸化.有机肥与无机氮肥配施缓解了土壤pH值的下降,改善了土壤的理化性质,维持了土壤较高的孔隙度.该试验条件下,有机肥和较高水平氮肥处理辣椒产量最高,达到37.23 kg·小区-1. 相似文献
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以大葱为试材,在青海大通塔尔镇塔尔湾村川水地进行连续2年的大葱不同钾肥单因素试验。结果表明:地膜大葱栽培中,施钾肥对大葱的株高影响不大,合理施钾可以提高大葱的葱白长度、单株重量、假茎粗度;钾肥用量在0~135kg/hm2范围内,大葱葱白的维生素C含量随着钾肥用量的增加而增加;钾肥用量在135~270kg/hm2时大葱葱白的维生素C最高;不施用钾肥的大葱葱白的硝酸盐含量最高,但与不同钾肥施用量的大葱葱白的硝酸盐含量没有显著差异,且随着钾肥施用量的增加大葱葱白的硝酸盐含量逐渐下降;施钾肥可以提高大葱产量和经济效益,在河湟谷地大葱的钾肥施用量以90~135kg/hm2最合适。 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献
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