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1.
《中国麻业》2018,(6)
为明确溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对工业大麻田间杂草防控的可行性,在实验室内研究了其对工业大麻的安全性。结果表明:施药后14 d,在田间推荐剂量下,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对工业大麻幼苗无明显药害产生;施药后21 d,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗的生长抑制中量(GR_(50))和生长抑制90%的量(GR_(90))分别为15. 24、25. 44 g a. i./667 m~2,对反枝苋的GR_(50)和GR_(90)分别为14. 17、27. 06 g a. i./667 m~2,对工业大麻生长抑制10%(GR_(10))的量为31. 87 g a. i./667 m~2;溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗和反枝苋的安全性系数分别为1. 33、1. 34。室内试验结果表明,溴苯腈·精喹禾灵混用对稗和反枝苋毒力高,但对工业大麻幼苗存在一定的药害风险,需进行田间试验研究其在田间应用的安全性。 相似文献
2.
10%多·甲可湿性粉剂在花生上的应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
20 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年的研究表明 ,在花生盛花末期喷施 1 0 %多·甲可湿性粉剂对花生安全 ,能够有效控制花生徒长 ,提高单株结果数、饱果率等 ,增加荚果产量 ;喷施多·甲可湿性粉剂对花生外观品质及籽仁中粗蛋白、粗脂肪的含量等没有明显影响 ,可溶性糖的含量增加 ,油酸 /亚油酸比值提高 ,有利于提高籽仁的内在品质。在花生上应用以 1 2 0～ 1 65ga .i./hm2 为适宜用量 ,控长、增产效果最为显著 ,增产幅度为 9.0 3 %～ 1 3 .2 6% ,用量超过 1 65 ga .i./hm2 ,对花生的控长作用增强 ,但容易导致花生早衰 ,加重后期叶部病害程度 ,不利于荚果产量的提高 相似文献
3.
为了检验除草剂防除棉田杂草效果,以三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵之间不同剂量的混配施用.试验表明：三氟啶磺隆和精喹禾灵两种混用及三氟啶磺隆、嘧草硫醚和精喹禾灵3种混用均对棉田杂草都有较好的防除效果.施药后7天杂草表现药害症状.施药后20天,三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵两种除草剂混用,随着三氟啶磺隆用量的增加对禾本科杂草的防效由89.2％增加到95.3％,对阔叶类杂草的防效由86.3％增加到94.9％,总体株防效由87.8％增加到95.2％;三氟啶磺隆与精喹禾灵、嘧草硫醚混剂3种除草剂混用,在精喹禾灵用量相同的条件下,增加三氟啶磺隆或嘧草硫醚的用量,对禾本科杂草、阔叶类杂草、杂草总体株防效均提高.施药后40天的株防效和鲜重防效均80％以上,说明混配药剂的持效期较长. 相似文献
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异噁唑草酮防除玉米田杂草及玉米安全性效果测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用室内生物测定和田间效果试验相结合的方法,研究异噁唑草酮在室内及田间对玉米田杂草活性及玉米安全性。室内试验结果表明,异噁唑草酮土壤处理对马唐、稗草、马齿苋和苘麻均有很好的效果且对玉米安全,其中对阔叶杂草马齿苋和苘麻的效果好于禾本科杂草马唐、稗草,对苘麻和马齿苋的GR_(90)值在2.69~6.39 ga.i./hm~2,对马唐和稗草的GR_(90)值在29.32~29.69 ga.i./hm~2。田间试验结果也表明,异噁唑草酮对玉米田杂草马唐、稗草、牛筋草、反枝苋、狗尾草均有很好的效果且对玉米安全。 相似文献
6.
二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂室内除草活性及花生田间效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用室内活性测定和田间药效试验相结合的方法,研究450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂对花生田杂草的防除效果。结果表明,450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂室内对反枝苋和稗草均有较好的活性,ED90分别为345.23g a.i./hm2、465.03g a.i./hm2,对反枝苋的活性高于稗草。田间试验结果表明,450g/L二甲戊灵微囊悬浮剂作为土壤封闭处理剂对花生安全性好,持效期长,环境效益好,对一年生禾本科杂草、牛筋草、阔叶杂草马齿苋和反枝苋均有较好的防效,田间推荐用量为742.5~1012.5g a.i./hm2。 相似文献
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研究30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米田的应用效果,在甜玉米不同叶龄期开展田间试验,评价其对杂草的防除效果及对甜玉米的安全性。结果表明,30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在甜玉米3～4叶期或6～7叶期施药,900～1 575 g a.i./hm2剂量范围内对甜玉米品种粤甜28安全,对玉米田常见杂草凹头苋、光头稗、马唐和香附子的防效及增产效果均显著高于对照药剂38%莠去津悬浮剂2 160 g a.i./hm2播后苗前处理。推荐30%烟嘧磺隆·莠去津·硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂在900～1 350 g a.i./hm2范围内,甜玉米3～5叶期茎叶喷雾使用。 相似文献
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10.
为了明确唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用的适宜配比及防除大豆田杂草的施药剂量,采用盆栽法测定了唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺5个配比的稗草生物活性,通过田间试验研究了4个混用剂量对大豆出苗数、株高、产量的影响和对杂草的防效。结果表明:唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用具有很好的增效作用,对大豆安全,适宜的混用比例为1∶20,适宜的施药量为900~1 200 g·hm~(-2)。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺按1∶2.5、1∶5、1∶10、1∶20、1∶40混用的5个配比对稗草的生物活性均表现为增效作用,共毒系数为240.72~380.59,其中以1∶20配比的共毒系数最高。唑嘧磺草胺与精异丙甲草胺混用比例为1∶20时,施药量600,900,1 200,1 800 g·hm~(-2)施药后45 d对杂草的总株防效为78.9%~98.2%,鲜重防效为85.3%~99.6%,4个混用处理与人工除草处理之间在大豆出苗数、株高和产量方面均没有显著差异。 相似文献
11.
N.W. Forrester 《Crop Protection》1984,3(2):261-264
Isazophos applied as an in-furrow spray at 0·5, 0·75 and 1·0 kg a.i./ha (4·65, 6·98 and 9·3 g a.i./100 m of row) reduced the establishment of Yates NK 212 sorghum by 37, 61 and 75% respectively. Similarly, heptachlor at 1·12 kg a.i./ha (10·42 g a.i./100 m of row) and lindane at 0·29 kg a.i./ha (2·7 g a.i./100 m of row) reduced establishment by 24 and 57% respectively. Heptachlor and isazophos, applied at the same rates but as broadcast-incorporated sprays and the lowest rate of isazophos applied as an in-furrow spray (0·25 kg a.i./ha, 2·33 g a.i./100 m of row) were not phytotoxic. 相似文献
12.
In order to investigate the effect of trifluralin, pronamide, haloxyfop-p methyl, propaquizafop and isoxaben on weed control and oilseed rape yield, a two year field experiment was conducted at Darab, Iran, during 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 growing seasons. Herbicides reduced weed biomass compared with the weedy check. In 2004–2005, at 16 WAP (weeks after planting), application of trifluralin plus propaquizafop plus isoxaben at 1200 + 200 + 250 g a.i./ha and trifluralin plus haloxyfop-p methyl plus isoxaben at 1200 + 100 + 500 g a.i./ha provided best control (80%) of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), compared to other treatments. At 8 and 16 WAP, wild mustard control decreased to 47 and 42%, respectively, when trifluralin was applied alone at 1400 g a.i./ha. In 2005–2006 at 16 WAP, maximum reduction in wild mustard biomass (82%) was achieved with trifluralin plus propaquizafop plus isoxaben at 1200 + 200 + 250 g a.i./ha. In both years, all herbicide treatments controlled fumitory (Fumaria officinalis L.) 64–96%. In 2004–2005, at 16 WAP, wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biomass reduction by trifluralin plus propaquizafop plus isoxaben at 1200 + 200 + 250 g a.i./ha was 95%. In 2005–2006, at 8 and 16 WAP, minimum biomass reduction of wild oat (37–53%) was observed with trifluralin at 1200 and 1400 g a.i./ha. In both years, at 8 and 16 WAP, the most effective herbicide treatments were trifluralin plus propaquizafop plus isoxaben and trifluralin plus haloxyfop-p methyl plus isoxaben regardless of the dose applied and provided maximum reduction in total weed biomass (77–89%) compared to other treatments. Results of both years showed that all herbicide treatments increased oilseed rape grain yield as compared with the weedy check but percentage of oil was not affected by various herbicide treatments. Maximum grain yield was obtained with trifluralin plus haloxyfop-p methyl plus isoxaben at 1200 + 100 + 500 g a.i./ha. 相似文献
13.
P. Ayres 《Crop Protection》1985,4(2):263-271
Two experiments were conducted in which foliage-acting herbicides were applied to onion couch (Arrhenatherum elatius ssp. bulbosum). The first experiment used an artificially established population and investigated the effects of straw burning on the performance of autumn-applied treatments of glyphosate, aminotriazole and dalapon. Spring barley was sown without cultivation. The second experiment, conducted on a naturally occurring infestation, compared the performance of glyphosate applied at alternative autumn timings and a single application of flamprop-methyl made in the following spring, in the presence of a winter wheat crop. In the first experiment, assessments made after 15 months suggested that straw burning resulted in increased growth. In addition, herbicide performance appeared less effective after burning. In neither case were these differences significant. Glyphosate at 1·0 and 1·5 kg a.e./ha gave the highest levels of control of both shoots and bulbs, whereas control from aminotriazole at all doses (1·5, 3·0 and 4·5 kg a.i./ha) was poor. Dalapon (6·0, 12·0 and 18·0 kg a.i./ha) was intermediate in its effectiveness. In the second experiment, applications of glyphosate at 1·0 and 1·5 kg a.e./ha resulted in high levels of control of both shoots and bulbs with no significant difference between application dates. Flamprop-methyl at 0·52 kg a.i./ha reduced the number of shoots and bulbs by 55% and 58% respectively. All treatments significantly reduced the number of inflorescences present in July. 相似文献
14.
Control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and common bunt (Tilletia caries and T. foetida) of wheat (Triticum aestivum), with fungicides applied on or adjacent to seed at sowing, was studied. Etaconazole pellets (2800 g a.i./ha), fenfuram liquid seed treatment (17 · 5 g a.i./ha) and imazalil granules (5000 g a.i./ha) were phytotoxic, reducing the number of heads per plot. All treatments reduced the incidence of common bunt although benomyl granules (2500 g a.i./ha), benomyl pellets (1400 g a.i./ha) and imazalil granules (5000 g a.i./ha) were not as effective as the registered smut fungicides carboxin, fenfuram, fenaminosulf and triadimefon. Triadimefon pellets (7000 g a.i./ha), PP347 pellets (1400 g a.i./ha), triadimefon granules (1500 g a.i./ha), flutriafol pellets (1400 g a.i./ha) and etaconazole pellets (2800 g a.i./ha) reduced stripe rust severity 17 weeks after sowing by 90, 89, 88, 86 and 74%, respectively. 相似文献
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Six insecticides (terbufos, chlorpyrifos, ethoprophos, phoxim, bendiocarb and lindane) were tested against sugar-cane wireworm Agrypnus variabilis (Candèze) in maize. The first five insecticides were applied at 0·25, 0·5 and 0·75 kg a.i./ha (2·27, 4·55 and 6·82 g a.i./100 metres of row) while lindane was applied at the registered rate of 0·29 kg a.i./ha (2·64 g a.i./100 metres of row). In addition, bendiocarb was applied as a seed treatment at the rates of 4000 and 6000 ppm. The insecticides were applied at planting as insecticide/fertilizer mixtures in 18 cm wide bands, 2–3 cm below the soil surface and 3–5 cm above the seed. The minimum effective rates were terbufos 0·25 kg a.i./ha, lindane 0·25 kg a.i./ha and chlorpyrifos and ethoprophos both at 0·5 kg a.i./ha. These treatments gave at least 5 weeks' residual control. The bendiocarb seed treatments were phytotoxic. No residues were detected in the cobs or grain at the minimum effective rates of the terbufos, chlorpyrifos or ethoprophos treatments. The positive linear relationship between plant population and yield showed that for every 1% loss in plant stand below the optimum range of 60 000–65 000 plants/ha, there is a 0·72-0·74% loss in grain yield respectively. Control measures would be economically justified with only a 2·3% reduction in plant stand (assuming $20/ha for cost of control and $150/tonne for maize). 相似文献
16.
2015～2018年对东北中西部春玉米区玉米病虫草害防治用药情况进行调查。结果表明,该区域玉米田化学农药的使用量占农药总使用量的99%以上。吉林省玉米田农药年均用量为3 216.45 g a.i./hm~2,内蒙玉米田化学农药年均用量为1 133.44 g a.i./hm~2。各类化学农药按照使用量排序依次为除草剂杀虫剂杀菌剂,除草剂使用量占农药总用量的75%以上。苗后除草剂用量显著低于苗前除草剂用量,选择苗后除草的农户比例和应用面积逐年增加,各类苗后除草剂存在不同程度的超量应用现象。提出通过以草优化配方,减少长残留除草剂用量、明确苗后施药关键时期、升级施药器械、开展技术培训等措施、结合病虫害绿色防控技术,集成农药减施综合技术模式。 相似文献
17.
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted in the early and late rainy seasons in Thailand to evaluate the effect of pre-emergence application of herbicides and determine the herbicide residues on vegetable soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. No. 75) production. No visible crop injury was observed after application of alachlor 469 g a.i./ha, clomazone 1080 g a.i./ha, metribuzin 525 g a.i./ha, pendimethalin 1031.25 g a.i./ha, tank-mixed clomazone 960 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin 928 g a.i./ha, or tank-mixed metribuzin 350 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin 928 g a.i./ha. However, acetochlor 1875 g a.i./ha, isoxaflutole 75 g a.i./ha, and oxadiazon 1000 g a.i./ha caused visible crop injury. Plant bioassay of herbicide residues in the soil after harvest showed no phytotoxic effect on baby corn (Zea mays Linn. cv. Suwan 3), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Pijit 1), pak choi (Brassica chinensis Jusl. cv. Chinensis), and soybean (G. max L. Merrill cv. CM 60). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed no significant herbicide residues on crop yield (or MRLs < 0.01 ppm) for all herbicides used in this study. The application of metribuzin at 525 g a.i./ha was sufficient to provide satisfactory full-season control of several weed species and gave the highest crop yield. In addition, pendimethalin at 1031.25 g a.i./ha, and tank-mixed metribuzin at 350 g a.i./ha + pendimethalin at 928 g a.i./ha can provide a similar level of weed control as an alternative to reduce herbicide dosage thereby increasing food and environmental safety in vegetable soybean production. 相似文献
18.
《Crop Protection》1987,6(5):334-340
Eight contact and three systemic insecticides, and an enriched neem extract were tested for the control of sorghum head bug, Calocoris angustatus Leth. at the ICRISAT Center. The insecticides were applied at the complete-anthesis and milk stages (at 500 1/ha) with a knapsack sprayer. On the basis of effectiveness of head bug control, grain yield and 1000-grain mass, carbaryl (at 500 g a.i./ha) was the most effective insecticide followed by fenvalerate (at 50 g a.i./ha), and chlorpyrifos (at 250 g a.i./ha). Among the systemic insecticides, demeton-S-methyl (at 250g a.i./ha), was the most effective. Demeton-S-methyl and dimethoate were also effective for the control of other head bug species—Eurystylus bellevoyei Put. and Reut. and Campylomma sp. Plots sprayed with demeton-S-methyl gave higher grain yields than those treated with carbaryl, which was the best contact insecticide. Two sprays of carbaryl (at 500g a.i./ha) applied at the complete-anthesis and milk stages have been found to be effective for head bug control. Dichlorvos, fenitrothion and monocrotophos were highly phytotoxic and resulted in burning and drying of entire leaves. Dimethoate resulted in a slight drying of leaf tips and margins. 相似文献