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1.
Situation of the Asian form of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) in Russia and in the world 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lymantria dispar occurs in Russia in at least two forms, the European form in European Russia (and also in western Europe) and the Asian form in the Russian Far East (and other far eastern countries). During an outbreak in the Russian Far East in the early 1990s, egg masses of L. dispar were found on Russian ships sailing from the Far East ports to the west coast of North America. Larvae blown from such ships may have been responsible for outbreaks of the Asian form of L. dispar in western Canada and USA. As a result, a Russian-American lymantriid monitoring programme was set up, using pheromone and light traps to follow the occurrence and flight of Lymantria spp. around ports of the Russian Far East and in adjacent forest areas. These have shown a general decline in populations since 1992. 相似文献
2.
Four main characters are associated with the potential of Lymantria dispar for international spread in ships moving from the Russian Far East to other Pacific countries: movement to light, wind dispersal of young larvae, length of egg stage, host range of larvae. Other Far Eastern lymantriid species have been scored for these characters on a 1–5 scale to provide an estimate of the risk of such international spread. Lymantria spp. score highest on this scale, and a few other lymantriids have scores indicating that there is a definite risk. Most of the species scored cannot, however, be adequately assessed for all the characters because of lack of information, indicating the need for further research before an adequate pest risk assessment can be done. 相似文献
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Lymantria dispar is one of the most widespread defoliators of deciduous and larch forests in Russia. Its outbreaks regularly occur in different regions of the country and cover huge areas from oak forests of the northern Caucasus and birch forests of the southern taiga of European Russia to larch forests of Siberia and broad-leaved forests of the southern Far East of Russia. Preferred host plants, flying capacity of females and neonate caterpillars, preferred places for egg laying, major factors of mortality and other characteristics vary considerably between different populations of the pest, and four geographical populations can be distinguished. The population dynamics of the pest in the 1990s and the increase in its area of distribution are analysed on the basis of survey data. 相似文献
5.
The situation of Lymantria dispar in Europe and Russia was reviewed at an EPPO meeting held in Poznan (PL) in 1995-03. The introduction of an Asian form of L. dispar , with flying females and a wider host range, from the Far East of Russia across the Pacific Ocean into North America had led to concerns that such a form might be present elsewhere in the EPPO region and might be introduced into North America across the Atlantic Ocean. Outbreaks of L. dispar were observed in many parts of Western Europe in the early 1990s, but were not considered exceptional compared with earlier outbreaks. Flying females were, however, seen in Germany. Preliminary results obtained with DNA markers suggested that the 'Asian genes' which they identify occur at low density in Western Europe, and that there is a progressive eastwards increase in their frequency. It is concluded that the presence of 'Asian genes' and of flying females, at low density, is a normal feature of European populations of L. dispar , and that European countries do not need to take special measures against the introduction of an 'Asian form'. 相似文献
6.
Zeynep Bayramoglu Donus Gencer Hacer Muratoglu Davut Efe Remziye Nalcacioglu Zihni Demirbag 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(2):119-127
The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is one of the most serious pest of various forestal, food and industrial crops worldwide. We have characterized a new Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV-T4) variant, which was isolated from dead L. dispar larvae in Turkey. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the polyhedral occlusion bodies (OBs) of the LdMNPV-T4 were irregularly shaped. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that OBs of LdMNPV-T4 were occupied with several virions in which multiple nucleocapsids packaged by viral envelope. Restriction analysis of the LdMNPV-T4 DNA purified from the viral inclusion bodies yielded BamHI, BglII, EcoRI and HindIII fragments. The mean size estimated for the complete LdMNPV-T4 genome was calculated to be 163.3 kb. Phylogenetic analysis of amplified polh, lef-8 and lef-9 sequences showed its relation to the other NPVs from Lymantria species. Mortality values of the LdMNPV-T4 at four different concentrations against third instar larvae of L. dispar ranged from 45% to 88%. These results suggest that LdMNPV-T4 isolated from Turkey is a promising microbial control agent to be utilized for the biological control of L. dispar. 相似文献
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竹镂舟蛾取食不同程度受害毛竹叶对其生长发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
竹镂舟蛾是福建毛竹林的主要害虫,具有周期性暴发成灾的特点。研究竹镂舟蛾幼虫取食不同受害竹叶后,其种群数量变化特点。研究表明,竹镂舟蛾取食中、重度受害竹叶后,其幼虫的发育历期延长、体重减轻,成虫的生殖力衰退,其种群数量显著下降。研究结果揭示了该虫种群数量消长与寄主植物被害的关系。 相似文献
9.
Holuša Jaroslav Zúbrik Milan Resnerová Karolina Vanická Hana Liška Jan Mertelík Josef Takov Danail Trombik Jiří Hajek Ann E. Pilarska Daniela 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):323-331
Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is one of the most important pests of deciduous trees in Europe, occurring in all environmental zones of Europe except... 相似文献
10.
Dendrolimus kikuchii nucleopolyhedrovirus (DekiNPV) is a biological control agent used to control the populations of D. kikuchii, which is a pest of variety of conifers, including Pinus kesiya, Pinus fenzeliana, Cedrus deodara, and Keteleeria evelyniana. However, D. kikuchii cannot be artificially reared which restricts the production and utilization of DekiNPV. In this study, the infectivity and replication of DekiNPV was demonstrated in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines (sf9), Clostera anachoreta cell line (CAF-clan II), and Lymantria dispar (L.) to identify suitable alternative hosts for the production of DekiNPV. We also investigated the ability of DekiNPV to trigger the conversion of covert infections to overt infections. Results showed the absence of DekiNPV in the two cell lines and in L. dispar. However, polymerase chain reaction results indicated that L. dispar larvae harbored covert infection that could not be triggered by DekiNPV. 相似文献
11.
W. E. WALLNER 《EPPO Bulletin》1996,26(1):167-180
Invasive pests, or 'biological pollutants', are among the most serious threats to biological diversity in the forest ecosystems of the USA. Additionally, they can disrupt forest management practices and cause enormous financial losses. In the USA, as elsewhere, the receiving country inherits the problem and, along with its citizenry, bears the permanent economic costs. The incidence of the introduction of invasive pests, the pathways utilized, and their economic and ecological impacts are presented using Dutch elm disease ( Ophiostoma ulmi ), chestnut blight ( Cryphonectria parasitica ), gypsy moth ( Lymantria dispar ), and other pests as examples. The permanency of ecological impacts and associated economic costs needs to be considered in discussions with other National Plant Protection Organizations in designing and adopting mutual agreements and protocols. Suggestions are given for addressing these impending needs in view of expanding global trade. 相似文献
12.
In this study, we designed and analysed the insecticidal effectiveness of two short single-stranded DNA fragments from LdMNPV (Lymantria dispar multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus) IAP-2 gene. Our results show that the ssDNA fragments from the antisense region is selectively lethal, and rapidly decreases the population of second instar gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae one day post-treatment (Control-H2O group vs oligoAn group, χ2 = 5; p < 0.05) when infected with LdMNPV as a trigger, before treatment through feeding with 75 pmol/µl of synthesized fragments from LdMNPV IAP-2 gene. Data analysis on larvae biomass did not show significant influence in all groups of the experiment when compared with the Control-H2O group. Relatively, our preliminary evaluation of biochemical parameters (total glucose and total protein concentrations) did not show significant response to the applied ssDNA oligonucleotides. Our conclusive remarks based on mortality data support the concept that antisense oligonucleotides from LdMNPV IAP-2 gene can act as an insecticide against pre-infected gypsy moth larvae. 相似文献
13.
Pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.) (PB) causes very serious problems in oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera L.) cultivations in Poland and other European countries. Pyrethroid insecticides are the most frequently used type for controlling
PB in Poland. This chemical group has been used in Poland since the beginning of the 1980’s and its strong selection pressure
on PB resulted in some level of resistance of this pest to many active substances. The aim of this investigation was to analyze,
with the use of synergists, the main mechanisms responsible for resistance of PB to pyrethroids. The results indicate the
main resistance factor in Polish PB populations to be monooxygenase enzymes. 相似文献
14.
A. Zabel B. Manojlovic S. Rajkovic S. Stankovic and M. Kostic 《Anzeiger für Sch?dlingskunde》2002,75(1):19-25
High antifeedancy and low toxicity of the plant preparation Neem (azadirachtin), on the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. larvae were proved under laboratory conditions. A high index of Neem antifeedancy was confirmed in all tested concentrations.Under laboratory conditions the Neem had satisfying antifeedancy on Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say third instar larvae too. Field experiments also proved that the foliage protective effect of Neem was very significant.Experiments showed that some antifeedants or repellents, such as Neem, should control olygophagous (L. decemlineata, Coleoptera) insects as well as very polyphagous insects such as L. dispar (Lepidoptera).As a biological, plant-derived preparation, Neem could be suitable for integrated pest management (IPM) programs, especially in small orchards, parks, and tree rows in urban environments and on small private gardens. 相似文献
15.
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle) was found in Poland for the first time in 1945 and a great invasion of this pest took place in 1950. It now plays a very important role in Polish plant protection, mainly because the acreage of potato in Poland amounts to about 1.8 million ha. The pest is controlled by repeated insecticide applications to a yearly total of 2 million ha, which is the highest amount of insecticides used in Poland. Research has been carried out in Poland on the following subjects: biology and ecology of Colorado beetle, influence of pest appearance and control on the biocenosis of fields, methods of control, biochemical factors influencing the life cycle, forecasts and warning of appearance, artificial diet, resistance of potato cultivars and reaction of leaf blades of potato to the eggs of Colorado beetle. Research is also carried out on chemical control, modernization of pesticide recommendations and resistance of Colorado beetle to pesticides. The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the reduction of Colorado beetle numbers has been studied. With a view to possible biological control, predatory bugs (Perillus bioculatus and Podisus maculiventris) were introduced into Poland in 1959 and 1979. Research is also conducted on entomopathogenic fungi, parasitic nematodes, protozoans, spiroplasms and Bacillus thuringiensis. 相似文献
16.
A. Wjtowicz 《EPPO Bulletin》2003,33(3):515-516
A computer system Agrogis has been developed to record information on pest infestation of plants in different regions of Poland. Data can be entered manually or from disks, and can be displayed in the form of charts and maps. Agrogis will be made available on the Internet. 相似文献
17.
低剂量甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾生长发育的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
采用药剂短期处理和连续处理,测定了低剂量LC_(10)和LC_(30)甲氧虫酰肼处理舞毒蛾4龄幼虫后,对其各项发育指标、营养指标及各发育阶段形态的影响.结果表明,LC_(10)和LC_(30)剂量甲氧虫酰肼能显著降低舞毒蛾幼虫成活率、化蛹率、6龄虫重及雌蛹重,与对照组相比,LC_(30)剂量处理24 h后,舞毒蛾5龄和6龄幼虫成活率、化蛹率、6龄虫重及雌蛹重明显降低,依次为48.89%、72.62%、62.22%、0.21 g和0.75 g,且LC_(30)剂量对幼虫和蛹的致死性较LC_(10)剂量明显,连续处理较短期处理明显,差异均显著(P<0.05).低剂量甲氧虫酰肼对幼虫营养指标也存在明显影响,LC_(10)剂量能抑制幼虫相对取食量(RCR),LC_(30)剂量能抑制食物利用率(ECI),且两者均能显著抑制幼虫相对生长率(RGR)(P<0.05).同时低剂量甲氧虫酰肼能导致舞毒蛾幼虫畸形,畸形率为62.53%.说明低剂量甲氧虫酰肼可取代高毒农药,用于防治森林鳞翅目害虫. 相似文献
18.
Two strategies for controlling first-instar larvae of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar (L)), insecticidal bait and contact insecticide applied directly to the tree trunk, were evaluated in the laboratory. Spinosad was selected as a candidate natural-product insecticide that is active both by contact and ingestion. Incorporated into artificial diet-based bait, spinosad was toxic to neonate larvae with a minimal 10-s feeding period, with an LC50 value of 20 (15-26, 95% confidence interval) mg liter-1. It was significant that neonate larvae did not discriminate between spinosad-treated and control diet. Efficacy of diet-based bait in the laboratory, however, was significantly impacted by previous exposure to diet; fed larvae did not stop at the bait and did not incur mortality, as compared to unfed larvae. Oak bark was a suitable substrate from which neonate larvae could contact spinosad residues. Spinosad applied directly to oak bark resulted in significant mortality after 1- and 4-min crawling contact exposure times (LC50 = 24 [20-29, 95% CI] and 8.7 [6.9-11, 95% CI] mg liter-1, respectively) and contact activity persisted for 2 weeks. While contact activity was more potent on glass surfaces than on oak bark, the LC50 values differed only by factors of 2.4 and 3.6, for 1- and 4-min exposures respectively. 相似文献
19.
The Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a serious threat in potato‐growing areas in Europe. Control requires a high insecticide input and meanwhile L. decemlineata has developed resistance to all commonly used insecticides. In order to establish an integrated pest management system a temperature‐driven decision support system (SIMLEP DSS) has been elaborated and consists of two modules. SIMLEP 1 is a regional forecasting model for the first occurrence of hibernating beetles and the start of egg laying. SIMLEP 3 is a field–specific model which forecasts the occurrence of the developmental stages of L. decemlineata. From 1999 to 2004 SIMLEP 3 was validated in Germany, Austria, Italy and Poland. In about 90% of cases SIMLEP 3 correctly predicted the periods of maximum egg laying and young larval occurrence, which are the optimal periods for field assessments and treatments with conventional and biological insecticides. SIMLEP 3 is used in practice in Germany and Austria on a large scale and in the western part of Poland. The SIMLEP DSS contributed a lot to the improvement of farmers’L. decemlineata control measures. 相似文献
20.
G. Topalovic 《EPPO Bulletin》1971,1(2):15-19
Les considérations d'ordre économique sont la principale raison qui a orienté l'Aviation agricole de la JAT à introduire dans la pratique l'application de pesticides à bas et ultra-bas volume en équipant les avions d'appareils rotatifs « micronair >> et « turbair>>. Cette technique a été mise au point au cours des deux dernières années et dès maintenant elle va être mise en pratique en agriculture, en sylviculture et pour la protection de la santé publique.
L'application d'insecticides à ultra-bas volume (ULV) sera faite surtout pour protéger la betterave à sucre contre les noctuelles (Noctuidae), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ., et les pucerons (Aphididae), pour combattre Eurygaster spp., Lema spp. , ainsi qu'un certain nombre de ravageurs des plantes forestières, notamment Lymantria dispar L., enfin pour lutter contre les moustiques. L'application de fongicides à bas volume (LV) est pour l'instant limitée essentiellement au traitement de la vigne contre le mildiou et de la betterave à sucre contre Cercospora , et aux besoins de l'arboriculture. 相似文献
L'application d'insecticides à ultra-bas volume (ULV) sera faite surtout pour protéger la betterave à sucre contre les noctuelles (Noctuidae), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ., et les pucerons (Aphididae), pour combattre Eurygaster spp., Lema spp. , ainsi qu'un certain nombre de ravageurs des plantes forestières, notamment Lymantria dispar L., enfin pour lutter contre les moustiques. L'application de fongicides à bas volume (LV) est pour l'instant limitée essentiellement au traitement de la vigne contre le mildiou et de la betterave à sucre contre Cercospora , et aux besoins de l'arboriculture. 相似文献