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中国热带次生林分布、类型与面积研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带林的保护问题已受到世界各国的高度重视,由于占世界热带林面积约三分之一的热带次生林,其经济和生态效益通常较差,处于相对被忽视的状态,因此也往往被进一步破坏。将次生林经营纳入可持续经营的轨道,是实现热带林可持续经营目标的重要战略。通过对中国热带森林研究、经营和统计资料的分析,结合本项目实施过程的实地调研取得的结果,文章对中国热带地区次生林分布、面积和类型作了阐述。热带森林主要分布在海南、广东、广西、云南、台湾,以及福建和西藏的部分地区,包括124个县市的全部和50个县市的部分地区。据可认可的资料统计,中国热带林地面积（不含台湾省）约1125．66万hm^2。其中有林地面积1074．49万hm^2,次生林面积544万hm^2。次生林占热带地区林地面积的48．33％,占有林地总面积的50．63％。中国热带林地和次生林的实际数字估计要比这一数值大6％以上,因为中国这几年高度重视林业建设,森林植被特别是热带森林植被恢复得很快,林地和次生林一直在不断增加。热带森林类型主要有：热带雨林（包括湿润雨林、山地雨林）;热带季雨林（包括半常绿季雨林、落叶季雨林、石灰岩季雨林）;南海珊瑚岛植被;海岸红树林等。从森林经理的角度,中国热带次生林的类型可分为：（1）次生阔叶林,包括次生常绿阔叶雨林、次生季雨林和次生季风常绿阔叶林;（2）次生灌木林;（3）次生针叶林;（4）次生红树林及次生珊瑚岛林等四大类型。 相似文献
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对福建省将乐国有林场长期封山育林次生林(YF类型)、人促天然更新次改林(RG类型)、人为强度干扰后短期封育林分(ZC类型)等3种类型次生林的组成及其槠栲类树种的分布和生长状况进行调查,分析林分物种组成、不同高度级结构和径级结构槠栲类树种数量分布、Jaccard物种相似系数及其主林层槠栲类树种的生长状况。结果表明:YF类型和RG类型物种较丰富,物种间相似系数较高,其中槠栲类树种数量较多,长势良好,系较典型的次生阔叶林;ZC类型物种显著减少,主林层槠栲类树种仅占12.2%,处于次生阔叶林恢复的初级阶段。RG类型与YF类型相比,主林层平均树高、平均胸径和单株立木材积分别增加26.4%、31.9%和113.7%,单位面积蓄积量超过3倍;与ZC类型比,平均树高和平均胸径分别增加52.0%和114.1%,单株立木材积和单位面积蓄积量则是它的6倍多和26倍多。建议培育次生阔叶林时,在经过一段时间封禁后,采用30%~40%的间伐强度,保留有培育前途的优势林木4500~6000株/hm^(2)较为合理。 相似文献
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本文以红松天然林为例,应用数量化的方法,以树木的高生长与年龄和立地因子导出的参数建立出数学关系,最后利用这种关系对树木在不同立地的生产力作出数量上的评价,并划分出不同等级的立地类型。为树木的适地适树,速生丰产、合理经营提供可靠的理论依据。一、调查方法在朗乡林业局随机抽取6个林场,在每个林场内采用典型抽样调查方法,分别林分类型设置标准地。在红松阔叶林内共设置标准地54块,标准木509株,解析木 相似文献
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以香山公园为代表,采用生态学方法,对园内黄栌林区的群落结构进行调查,按照不同的群落指标类型,选择了45个样地,对样地内各项生态因子进行分析,并以各样地的群落特征指标聚类分析将公园黄栌林区的的群落划分为4个群丛组,18个群丛,分别对黄栌纯林、栌松柏混交林、黄栌杂木林、黄栌疏林4个群丛组做出数据分析.同时从优势种、植物种类组成、群落质量等方面对4种植物群落类型进行分析比较并得出群丛优势组,讨论了海拔、坡度、种群类型、配置方式等与黄栌生长有关系,为公园生态环境恢复,旅游发展和科研生产提供数据资料. 相似文献
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通过对河南省天然次生林资源评价，将全省天然次生林划分为２个天然次生林区，１５个次生林类型组，３４个天然次生林类型。并在此基础上划分出４个经营类型，为今后合理经营和天然次生林研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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珠海市是广东省最早建立的经济特区之一。由于长期的人类活动,珠海市原生森林早已破坏殆尽,现有的山地森林群落多为人工林和次生植被。应用样方法,在珠海面积较大、林相结构较完整的森林群落中设置了34个面积400m2的样方,调查和分析了这些山地森林群落的物种组成和植物多样性特点。研究结果表明,珠海市山地森林群落类型主要有风水林、沟谷林和早期次生林,以风水林和沟谷林的物种多样性较高,它们是珠海市宝贵的森林遗产。珠海市的森林群落以樟科、大戟科和山茶科植物最为丰富,茜草科、桃金娘科和桑科等热带植物种类也比较丰富。珠海市的天然林对维持当地生态平衡和区域性生物多样性的保护均具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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热带次生林面积巨大且在热带森林资源中的作用越来越重要,因而拥有巨大的经营潜力和生态功能。次生林演替过程中的主要研究成果如下：土壤贮存的种子对次生林的再生非常重要,光投射的强度增加和温度提高将刺激种子萌芽,而残余植被群落强烈影响次生林种子的散布,食种子动物影响次生林的成林;次生林群落植物种类数量一般随演替的进程而增加;随着演替的进程,次生林内阳生树种趋于衰亡,耐荫树种不断增加;次生林的树种数量能接近原生林水平的时间过程更随着林分种类、过去土地的利用强度和利用种类,以及环境条件的不同而异;在一定环境中,人工林树种通过人工林树种改变光、温度和土壤表层的湿度,能够促进发芽和种子生长,改善林地和林下植被的状况,从而加速次生林演替。大多数食草动物喜欢在次生林中取食,因为次生林中先锋树种很少或没有机械和化学保护,且林内许多树种产生大量可食用的果实;环境和火对次生林演替有一定影响;在早期的演替过程中,更多的生物量分配到资源需求旺盛的组织（如叶和细根）,在演替晚期阶段,更多的生物量则分配到结构组织中（如木质部和根端）。次生林在15至20年内能迅速积累生物量,然后积累逐渐减慢;次生林被砍伐或火烧后,森林土壤的结构被破坏,导致土壤有机质和氮减少。 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,95(2):161-171
We studied forest structure and composition along a chronosequence of secondary forest succession in Northwest Argentina's montane forests (‘Yungas’) at 27°S, between 700 and 900 m. Early herbaceous stages, forested stages of 11, 25, 45, and 50 years after abandonment, and old-growth forests were surveyed. Secondary forests included stands that originated in abandoned herbaceous crops and in abandoned fruit orchards. Basal area and species composition differed between 50-year-old secondary forests and old-growth forests. In contrast, tree density and species diversity were similar in the 50-year-old and in the old-growth forests. The previous use (herbaceous crops or fruit orchards) was an important influence on secondary forest composition. Whereas stands originating in herbaceous fields were dominated by wind-dispersed native species such as Heliocarpus popayanensis, Tecoma stans, Parapiptadenia excelsa, and Tipuana tipu, fruit-orchard-originated stands were dominated by animal-dispersed species. Among the animal-dispersed species, the exotic tree Morus alba was the most abundant, and its abundance in secondary forests seems to slow the succession toward old-growth forest composition. Overall, after accounting for differences attributable to pre-abandonment conditions, secondary forest succession showed a trend toward compositional convergence, with the rate of succession apparently regulated by the demography of long-lived pioneer species. 相似文献
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Jiangming MA Shirong Liu Zuomin Shi Yuandong Zhang Bing Kang Baoyu Chen 《Frontiers of Forestry in China》2008,3(3):300-307
By adopting the concept of space as a substitute for time, we analyzed the dynamics of species composition and diversity of
different restoration sequences (20, 30, 40, 50 years) in two secondary forest types in western Sichuan Province, distributed
in a northerly or northwesterly direction. The analysis was based on the results of measurements of 50 plots located at elevations
between 3100–3600 m. The forests originated from natural regeneration in combination with reforestation of spruce when the
old-growth bamboo-dark brown coniferous forests and moss-dark brown coniferous old growth forests were harvested. Similar
old-growth dark brown coniferous forests at ages ranging between 160 and 200 years were selected as the reference forests
for comparisons. We recorded 167 species of vascular plants from 44 families and 117 genera. There was no significant difference
in terms of the number of species among secondary forests. But the importance values of dominant species varied during the
restoration processes. The dominant species in the secondary forests is Betula albo-sinensis, while Abies faxoniana is the dominant species in old-growth dark brown coniferous forests. Species richness increased significantly with restoration
processes. It increased quickly in secondary forests during the period from 30 to 40 years, but decreased significantly in
the old-growth dark brown coniferous forests. The species richness among growth forms decreased in the following order: herb
layer > shrub layer > tree layer. The maximum value of the evenness index occurred in secondary forests at age 40 and remained
relatively stable in the bamboo-birch forests, but the evenness index tended to decrease in moss-birch forests and slightly
increased in the old-growth mossdark brown coniferous forests. There was a statistically significant difference in the eveness
index between the tree and shrub layers as well as between the tree layer and the herb layer, but there was no significant
difference between the shrub layer and the herb layer. The value of the Shannon index increased over restoration time. In
bamboo-birch forests, the maximum value of the Shannon index was 3.80, recorded at age 50. In moss-birch forests, the maximal
value was 3.65, reached in this forest at age 30. The value of the Shannon index of old-growth dark brown coniferous forests
was recorded between younger secondary and older secondary forests. The value of the dominance index of communities varied.
At the first stage of restoration, it increased, and at the end it was decreased. The dominance index of the tree layer had
a similar trend as that of the community dominance index, but was more variable. The minimum value of the dominance index
of the tree layer in the moss-birch forests reached 20 years earlier than that of the bamboo-birch forests. There was a significant
difference among restoration sequences in the α diversity indices except for the dominance index. No significant differences
between the two secondary forest types were detected. Over age, the value of the Bray-Curtis index between secondary forest
and old-growth dark brown coniferous forest increased.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(5): 17–23 [译自: 林业科学] 相似文献
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热带次生林群落动态研究：回顾与展望 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
全球的热带次生林面积正快速增加,但人们对它们的生态、经济和社会效益的了解却十分有限,不同研究对次生林的理解和所使用的定义也不一样。在简要介绍热带次生林的现状之后,着重回顾热带次生林群落动态研究的主要成果,同时简述了现有研究中存在的问题和将来研究的重点课题及展望。 相似文献
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文章对辽东山区天然次生林经营现状及在生产中存在的主要问题进行了分析、探讨,并就现有的天然次生林中亟待解决的问题提出了几点参与意见,即增强资源与环境意识;实和行森林分类经营;利用天然林环境优势,发展多种经营;停止皆伐,栽针保阔;采取长轮伐期作业,培育大径材;进行封山育林。 相似文献
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采用空间代替时间的方法,以柞蚕场蒙古栎在平茬后经不同时间(9年、12年、57年)封育保护而形成的蒙古栎次生林及对照柞蚕场蒙古栎林(3年生)为研究对象,对辽东山区蒙古栎次生林不同恢复阶段的种群结构与群落多样性进行了深入分析。研究结果表明:随封育林龄的增长,乔木层蒙古栎种群所占的重要值比例在降低,蒙古栎林在恢复演替进程中不断向阔叶混交林的方向发展;灌木物种间的重要值差距在减小;草本层植物种类在不断减少;蒙古栎林优势种群径阶分布宽度增加,径阶分布趋向于正态分布。在封育不同恢复阶段,羊胡苔草重要值均表现为最大,是草本群落最主要的物种。不同恢复阶段林分乔木层、灌木层物种多样性表现为随封育林龄的增长而增大,草本层多样性表现为随封育林龄的增长而减小。 相似文献