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二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以栽培二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccum Schuble)、硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)以及普通六倍体小麦祖先种野生二粒小麦(Triticum dicoccoides Kom.)、野生一粒小麦(Triticum aegilopides Bal.)4个基因型麦属植物成熟胚(MEs)为外植体,对成熟胚愈伤组织诱导、分化及植株再生的组织培养效果做了初步研究,筛选出适合于非六倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养的基因型.结果表明,不同基因型成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导、分化及植株再生差异显著,具有很强的基因型效应和基因型依赖性.其中栽培二粒小麦的成熟胚表现出较好的组织培养特性,它的愈伤组织诱导率、分化率、成苗率以及组培效率分别为95.00%、90.00%、32.40%、27.70%,显著高于其它基因型.二倍体、四倍体小麦成熟胚组织培养特性的研究以及组织培养基因型的筛选,为遗传转化体系的建立、小麦功能基因的分离和克隆,以及小麦分子育种工作奠定了基础. 相似文献
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硬粒小麦４２８６和普通小麦小偃６号和小偃１０７籽粒蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加呈递增趋势，但增幅不同；蛋白质产量呈常态变化；单粒蛋白质含量及其变化与籽粒蛋白质含量变化相似。施氮量以１５７．５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时籽粒蛋白质产量较高。 相似文献
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灌水及化控对不同粒色小麦籽粒灌浆及叶绿素含量的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为了研究灌水和化控处理对不同粒色小麦籽粒灌浆和叶绿素含量的影响,以3个不同粒色小麦为材料,采用不同灌水及化控处理,研究花后小麦颖壳、籽粒、旗叶叶绿素含量、千粒重以及籽粒蛋白质含量的变化情况.结果表明,花后5～30 d,灌2水比灌3水处理的干物质积累速度快,花后15 d和25 d时,灌2水与灌3水处理的千粒重差异显著.灌水对灌浆速率的影响与千粒重相似.籽粒、颖壳、旗叶叶绿素含量及籽粒蛋白质含量、千粒重、灌浆速率在不同粒色小麦中存在显著或极显著的差异.本试验中化控处理对籽粒灌浆和叶绿素含量均无显著影响. 相似文献
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为了解不同光合器官对小麦籽粒特性的作用,以明确产量和品质的穗粒位差异。以中筋品种济麦22和强筋品种济麦229为材料,于2011-2012年小麦季种植于山东省农业科学院作物研究所济南试验基地,通过对穗部遮光或剪掉叶片等6个处理,研究了小麦叶片与非叶光合器官对不同穗粒位籽粒粒数、粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,单个处理对2个品种强势粒和弱势粒千粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响大于对穗粒数的影响;同时包穗和减掉全部叶片可显著降低2个品种强势粒和弱势粒的穗粒数和千粒质量,并显著提高蛋白质含量。在单个处理条件下,剪掉旗叶对千粒质量和蛋白质含量的影响最大,其次为包穗处理。济麦22强势粒穗粒数以及强势粒和弱势粒千粒质量均高于济麦229,而济麦229的籽粒蛋白质含量更高。不同处理下,2个品种强势粒和弱势粒穗粒数和千粒质量的变化较一致,而蛋白质含量的变化与穗粒数和千粒质量相反。因此,提高叶片光合效率的同时,增强穗部等非叶器官的光合能力,对保证籽粒灌浆、培育高产稳产品种具有重要意义。 相似文献
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绵阳系列小麦籽粒蛋白质含量及其组分与SDS-沉降值关系的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以14个绵阳系列小麦品种为材料,研究不同品种籽粒蛋白质含量、蛋白组分和SDS-沉降值的变化规律,以及籽粒蛋白质含量及其组分与SDS-沉降值的关系,为绵阳系列小麦品种的选育提供理论依据。研究结果表明,不同小麦品种籽粒蛋白质含量不同,变幅为7.30%~13.09%,多数品种属于低蛋白质含量类型。多数品种的SDS-沉降值分布在20~30 mL范围内。不同品种籽粒蛋白组分各异。籽粒蛋白质含量、贮藏蛋白含量、谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量都与SDS-沉淀值成极显著的正相关关系。高的籽粒蛋白质含量和谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白含量是绵阳系列小麦品种获得较好烘烤品质的前提。 相似文献
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我们以红、白2色区别普通小麦品种的籽粒颜色。具有一定粒色的品种在不同的生态条件下种植,即进行不同年度的分期播种,结果会在一定比例的播期中改变颜色。整体来看,红粒小麦品种的籽粒蛋白质含量较高。 相似文献
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不同小麦品种粒重和蛋白质含量的穗粒位效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小麦籽粒的发育存在时空差异,不同穗粒位的粒重和蛋白质产量也存在差异,剖析粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量的穗粒位效应,有助于深入了解小麦产量和品质的形成机制。于2009—2010和2010—2011小麦生长季进行大田试验,选用3种类型4个品种,分析了不同穗粒位的粒重、蛋白质积累和蛋白质含量的动态变化。结果表明,粒重和蛋白质积累量的穗粒位间变异大于年份(环境)间变异和基因型间变异;蛋白质含量的年份间变异大于基因型间变异和穗粒位间变异,而成熟期穗粒位间变异最大。大粒品种易受环境影响,小粒品种比较稳定。优质面包小麦品种开花后各时期的籽粒蛋白质含量普遍高于中筋小麦,但不同时期、不同年份差异较大。开花后各时期,强势粒的粒重、蛋白质积累量和蛋白质含量显著大于弱势粒,中部籽粒显著大于上部和下部籽粒;随着灌浆进程穗中部与下部籽粒的差异变小,至开花后36 d时,中部和下部籽粒的蛋白质含量无显著差异。随籽粒灌浆进程,不同品种各穗粒位的粒重和蛋白质积累均呈"慢–快–慢"的"S"型曲线变化,蛋白质含量均呈"高–低–高"的"V"型曲线变化,灌浆后期,中部和下部强势粒以及下部弱势粒的蛋白质含量增长速度明显快于其他穗粒位籽粒。粒重最大生长速率出现在开花后18~21 d,快速增重时期为开花后12~26 d;籽粒蛋白质最大积累速率出现在开花后21~24 d,快速积累时期为开花后13~32 d。根据本研究结果,我们认为高产优质小麦品种的特征是籽粒不宜过大,小花位粒数不宜过多,且中、下部籽粒较多,开花后13~26 d灌浆速率快。 相似文献
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普通小麦×硬粒小麦杂种蛋白质含量及其电泳分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了普通小麦×硬粒小麦杂种14个选系的籽粒蛋白质含量及7个选系籽粒氨基酸组成。科春_(14)×D_(213)杂种7个选系的平均蛋白质含量为18.45%,比双亲平均数(15.04%)高。肯尼亚×阿波罗各选系蛋白质含量比其亲本平均提高3.44%。籽粒中氨基酸含量随着籽粒蛋白质含量的提高而增加。选系 KA_(20)的蛋白质含量为20.13%,比母本 相似文献
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穗数——密度的理论曲线方程及其分析——兼与王天铎等同志商榷 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于稻、麦和玉米,群体穗数(Y)和种植密度(x)的数量关系,可用变形双曲线方程 Y=x/(a+bx)作有理描述。本文讨论了该方程的基本性质;并由之推出17个公式,用以表示穗数和密度数量关系上的各种特点。此外,也讨论了从穗数——密度的实验数据建立该方程的具体方法,并附实例。 相似文献
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Salvatore L. Cosentino Emanuele Sanzone Giorgio Testa Cristina Patan Umberto Anastasi Danilo Scordia 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(3):309-323
Increasing air temperature due to changing climate is projected to decrease the length of the growing season, hasten vegetative development and maturation, and ultimately affect yield of many C3 crops. Previous multilocation trials highlighted strong relationships between thermal trends in the interval “beginning of flowering‐end of grain filling” and grain yield, and protein content in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.). With the aim to confirm these relationships, nine durum wheat genotypes, including old (Capeiti 8, Senatore Cappelli and Trinakria) and modern (Amedeo, Arcangelo, Mongibello, Simeto, and Svevo) varieties and a Sicilian landrace (Russello) were grown at three different sites representing a climate gradient in Sicily, Italy. Moreover, the effect of post‐anthesis heat stress on these durum wheats was further investigated in two contrasting environments: open‐field (control—C) and greenhouse heat stress (HS). HS shortened the interval “beginning‐end of flowering” of 1.5 days across genotypes, and the “end of flowering‐beginning of grain filling” and maturation of 4.9 days, with a range of 1 day in Arcangelo to 11 days in Cappelli. Advances in main phenophases significantly decreased kernel weight (KW) and grain yield (GY), whereas grain protein content (PC) increased. As expected, a negative relationship was observed between GY and PC, while positive relationships were found for GY and grain‐filling duration (GFD), and GY and KW. Genotypes responded differently to heat stress, as evidenced by the net photosynthesis, transpiration rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and dry matter accumulation in kernels. Genotypes were ranked according to the heat susceptibility index (HSI): Amedeo, Arcangelo, Capeiti 8, Svevo and Trinakria resulted heat‐tolerant. These varieties were characterized by an early trigger of dry matter accumulation in kernels under HS (Amedeo, Arcangelo and Trinakria), or showed similar length of the GFD (Capeiti 8) between environments. The multilocation trial confirmed a negative relationship between maximum temperatures and grain yield, and a positive relationship between minimum temperatures and protein content during grain–filling periods. Research focusing on agronomic strategies, phenology and breeding for tolerance to heat stress is of strategic importance to cope with the detrimental effect of global warming in semi‐arid climates. 相似文献
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R. L. Villareal A. Mujeeb-Kazi E. Del Toro J. Crossa S. Rajaram 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,173(5):307-317
Two trials were conducted at the Mexican National Institute of Agricultural Research Experiment Station at Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico to investigate the nature and extent of agronomic variation in 50 synthetic hexaploid (SH) wheats (2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) derived from Triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28. AABB) × T. tauschii (In = 2x = 14, DD) crosses for subsequent use in wheat improvement. Plant height, spike length, days to flowering, physiological maturity, grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, harvest index, yield components and test weight were determined.
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m−2 than the bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) check cultivar Seri 82. Genotypic correlations of grain yield with other character traits show that grain m2 was the most important determinant of gram yield (r = 0.993). Data on agronomic traits subjected to complete linkage cluster analysis resulted in classifying the genotypes into two distinct phenotypic groups excluding Seri 82. Groups generally corresponded to durum progenitors of the SH with significant group differences for all characters. This demonstrates use of practical numerical analysis procedures to describe agronomic variation in representative SH genotypes. Clustering by quantitativy traits may be valuable for identification of genotypes with divergent sources for breeding and agronomic purposes. 相似文献
Significant agronomic variation was observed among the germplasm evaluated. Outstanding SH genotypes were identified with higher grain yield, above-ground biomass at maturity, 1000-grain weight, and spikes m
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Landraces of tetraploid and hexaploid wheat from the Northern Negev in Israel were evaluated over two years for their grain quality attributes. Twenty-one populations of tetraploid wheat (Triticum durum, represented by 56 accessions) and 8 populations of hexaploid wheat (T. aestivum and T. compactum, represented by 13 accessions) were compared with 3 and 4 modern improved Israeli cultivars of tetraploid and hexaploid reheat, respectively. This comparison allowed to estimate the progress made in the improvement of gram quality m present-day cultivars. Except for grain protein content in the hexaploids, significant variation was revealed among landraces in kernel weight, protein content (tetraploids), sedimentation, mixograph score and carotin content. The best modern cultivars were comparable to the best landraces in kernel weight and carotin content (tetraploids), indicating that modern wheat breeding maximized kernel weight and carotin content, as compared with the tested landraces. Gram protein content and/or quality was not maximized in modern cultivars and its improvement was deemed possible by introgression from the best landraces in this respect. 相似文献
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A. A. Jaradat 《Euphytica》1990,51(3):265-271
Summary A germplasm collection comprising 132 landrace genotypes of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) ssp. turgidum L. conv. durum (Desf.) MK., from 10 districts in Jordan was evaluated for days to booting (DB), days to heading (DH), days to anthesis (DA), days to maturity (DM), filling period (FP) and grain yield (GY). In spite of the relatively strong genetic (Gr) and phenotypic (Pr) correlation coefficients between the developmental traits, the variation among genotypes was significant. GY was only positively and significantly correlated with DA and FP, while it was negatively correlated with DH. Genotypes with different combinations of early, medium and late developmental traits have been identified. Different combinations of DH and FP may or may not lead to differences in DM and GY. However, genotypes with long FP and medium-late DH gave the highest grain yield. Multiple linear regression of the duration of maturity (M) stage on the duration of booting (B), heading (H) and anthesis (A) stages (M = –260.87 + 2.09 B + 1.23 H + 0.9 A, R 2 = 0.92) indicates that it is possible to manipulate the duration of these developmental stages and develop genotypes with high yield potential and early maturity, a highly desirable in drought-prone environments. 相似文献
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Carbon Isotope Discrimination, Leaf Ash Content and Grain Yield in Bread and Durum Wheat Grown under Full-Irrigated Conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. Monneveux M. P. Reynolds R. Trethowan J. Peña F. Zapata 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2004,190(6):389-394
Integrative physiological criteria, such as carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) and (mineral) ash content (ma) have been found to be very useful, under drought conditions, to elucidate the association between yield gains and variation of photosynthesis‐related traits and orientate future breeding efforts. Information on this association is scarce under irrigated conditions. The relationships between Δ, ma and yield were studied in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) under optimal (drip) irrigation in the arid conditions of north‐west Mexico. Carbon isotope discrimination was analysed on leaves at booting stage and anthesis and on grain at maturity, whereas ash content was measured on the flag leaf at anthesis and maturity. At anthesis, there were differences between bread and durum wheat during grain filling for Δ, but not for ma. No relationship was found between grain yield and Δ. Leaf ash content at anthesis and maturity showed a broad variability within each species and were associated with grain yield. These results suggest that ash content in leaves could be also used as predictive criteria for yield not only under drought, but also under irrigated conditions, particularly when evaporative demand is high. 相似文献