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1.
In order to investigate the effect of dietary soybean phospholipid supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS) in layers, 135 300‐day‐old Hyline Brown layers were randomly divided into three groups (control, pathology and prevention), and each group had 45 layers with three replicates. Birds in the three groups were respectively fed the control diet, high‐energy low‐protein diet and high‐energy high‐protein diet affixed with 3% soybean phospholipid instead of maize. Results showed in the 30th day, birds’ livers in the pathology group became yellowish, enlarged in size and had hemorrhagic spots, while the prevention and control groups’ layers did not have such pathological changes. Contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein – cholesterol, non‐esterified fatty acid and malondialdehyde in serum or liver homogenate in prevention and control groups were remarkably lower than those in the pathology group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), as with the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase (P < 0.01); high‐density lipoprotein – cholesterol value was strikingly higher than that of the pathology group (P < 0.01). It is suggested dietary soybean phospholipids supplement may effectively improve hepatic and blood indexes relevant to FLHS, which provides a new point for preventing FLHS occurrence rate in laying flocks and treating human non‐alcohol fatty liver disease.  相似文献   

2.
Nine Belgian Landrace (BL) boars were used to produce crossbred BL × Dutch Yorkshire (BL × DY) boars to be compared with DY boars as terminal sires. BL × DY boars had 0.5 mm more side fat at 94 kg than DY boars (P < 0.001); growth rate did not differ between both groups.Claw development of BL × DY boars was considered significantly better (P < 0.001) than that of DY boars at 6–8 months of age, causing overall leg quality appraisal to be significantly better (P < 0.025).Young BL × DY boars showed more and earlier sexual activity, whereas only 4.0% of these boars had to be culled due to reproductive failure, relative to 10.0% of DY boars (P < 0.005).Analysis of semen of the 9 BL AI boars, and of 19 BL × DY and 19 DY AI boars indicated weakly significant breed differences (P < 0.1) for the number of spermatozoa per ejaculate and no significant breed differences (P > 0.1) for the number of live spermatozoa per ejaculate.For both traits, BL × DY boars showed the smallest numbers of cells and BL boars the largest.Inseminations with semen from BL × DY boars (doses being standardized for the number of cells) were succesful more often (19.0%) than with DY semen (88.3%) (P < 0.001); in addition, the litters contained more piglets at birth (11.43 vs. 10.97 piglets) (P < 0.001).End products sired by BL × DY boars contained 0.305 kg less trimmed ham + loin in an 80-kg carcass than progeny of DY boars (P < 0.1); other fattening and slaughter traits did not differ significantly.  相似文献   

3.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 3 meals administered daily with varying dietary crude protein (CP) contents on hepatic lipid metabolism with a pig model. Pigs were divided into 3 groups according to the following feeding patterns: feeding a basal CP diet 3 times daily (3C); feeding a high CP diet for breakfast, the basal CP diet for lunch, and a low CP diet for dinner (HCL); and feeding the low CP diet for breakfast, the basal CP diet for lunch, and the high protein diet for dinner (LCH). Three groups took equivalent diet per meal ensuring that every pig was fed with similar dietary formulae daily. Results showed that HCL feeding pattern reduced the relative kidney weight (P < 0.05), and LCH feeding pattern increased the relative liver weight of pigs (P < 0.05) when compared with those in the 3C group. Plasma urea nitrogen (P < 0.01) and lipase (P < 0.05) decreased in the HCL group but increased in the LCH group. Both HCL and LCH feeding patterns reduced plasma triglycerides (P < 0.01), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) (P < 0.01), and hepatic crude fat (0.05 < P < 0.10) of pigs. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) results showed that dynamic feeding patterns down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA level of lipid metabolism related genes, including adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCα), liver X receptor (LXRα) in the liver, and negatively regulate elements of circadian clock, including period 1 (Per1), period 2 (Per2), cryptochrome (Cry2), which in turn, upregulated (P < 0.05) the protein expression of positive regulate element brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (BMAL1) when compared with 3C group. Overall, our findings suggested that dynamic feeding patterns may affect hepatic lipid metabolism via regulation of the circadian clock.  相似文献   

4.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1173-1181
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein (SDPP) or spray-dried chicken plasma protein (SDCP) supplementation in diets without the inclusion of antibiotics and zinc oxide (ZnO) on growth performance, fecal score, and fecal microbiota in early-weaned piglets. A total of 192 healthy weaning piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 21 d old) were blocked by BW (6.53 ± 0.60 kg) and randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC), basal diet + ZnO at 2 g/kg and antibiotics at 0.8 g/kg), SDPP (containing 5% SDPP), and SDCP (containing 5% SDCP). The experiment lasted 14 d. The SDPP group had higher (P < 0.05) final BW, average daily gain and average daily feed intake than the NC and SDCP groups. The percentage of piglets with fecal scores at 2 or ≥2 was higher (P < 0.05) in the NC and SDCP groups than in the PC group. A decreased (P < 0.05) bacterial alpha diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance, but increased (P < 0.05) Firmicutes abundance were observed in the PC and SDPP groups when compared to the NC group. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus was higher (P < 0.05) in the SDPP than in the SDCP group, and that of Streptococcus was higher (P < 0.01) in the PC and SDPP groups than in the NC group. The PC group also had higher (P < 0.01) Faecalibacterium abundance than the NC and SDCP groups. Additionally, the SDCP group had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen than those fed other diets, and lower (P < 0.10) short-chain fatty acids to branched-chain fatty acids ratio than the PC and SDPP groups. Overall, SDPP was a promising animal protein for piglets in increasing feed intake, modifying gut microbiota profile, reducing gut protein fermentation and alleviating diarrhea frequency, thus promoting growth performance, under the conditions with limited in-feed utilization of antibiotics and ZnO.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to analyze the classic iron markers associated to the storage process in hamsters experimentally infected by Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. Four groups with six hamsters each were used; two were negative controls (C7 and C14) and two were composed by infected animals (T7 and T14). Blood samples were collected on the seventh (C7 and T7) and fourteenth days (C14 and T14) post-inoculation. Iron availability was determined in sera samples through the assessment of iron, ferritin, transferrin, and iron binding capacity, whereas the bone marrow was also evaluated for the presence of iron by Pearl's reaction. Additionally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) were assessed, along with hepcidin and IL-6 levels. Based on the results, it was possible to observe the onset of an anemic profile, predominantly hemolytic and regenerative. Also, The other parameters showed an increase in seric iron (P < 0.01) and ferritin (P < 0.01), and a positive Pearl's reaction in T7 and T14, when compared with the control groups. Transferrin levels decreased (P < 0.05) in animals of T14 with saturation index. TAC was increased in both periods (P < 0.01), while TOS was increased only on T14 (P < 0.05). Hepcidin and IL-6 were increased on T7 and T14 (P < 0.01). Therefore, it was observed that the serum profile from infected animals showed a strong hemolytic pattern, with some demonstration of ferric tissue sequestration when the infection tended to become chronic. The results show that iron metabolism is activated in hamsters infected by L. interrogans serovar Pomona.  相似文献   

6.
We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (B. subtilis PB6) during late gestation and lactation on sow reproductive performance, antioxidant indices, and gut microbiota. A total of 32 healthy Landrace × Yorkshire sows on d 90 of gestation were randomly assigned to 2 groups, with 16 replicates per group, receiving basal diet (CON) or the basal diet + 0.2% B. subtilis PB6, containing 4.0 × 108 CFU/kg of feed (BS). The litter sizes (total born) and numbers of piglets born alive were larger in the BS group (P < 0.01), whereas the weights of piglets born alive and the piglet birth intervals were lower in the BS group (P < 0.05). Although the litter weights and piglet bodyweights (after cross-fostering) were lower after BS treatment (P < 0.05), the litter sizes, litter weights, lactation survival rate, and litter weight gains at weaning were higher in BS group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the sow sera at parturition were lower in the BS group (P < 0.01). The serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at parturition and the serum catalase (CAT) concentrations on d 21 of lactation were higher in the BS group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with B. subtilis PB6 (P < 0.05) reduced the serum endotoxin concentrations in the sows and the serum cortisol concentrations of the piglets at d 14 of lactation. The α-diversity indices of microbial were higher in the CON group (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, B. subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundances of Gemmatimonadete and Acidobacteria (both P < 0.01) and reduced those of Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria (both P < 0.05). At the genus level, B. subtilis PB6 supplementation increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 cc (P < 0.05) and reduced that of Streptococcus (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that adding 4.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. subtilis PB6 to sows’ feed during late gestation and lactation could shorten piglet birth intervals, enhance the growth performance of suckling piglets, and improve the gut health of sows during late gestation.  相似文献   

7.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of flavor on reproductive performance and fecal microbiota of sows during late gestation and lactation. A total of 20 healthy Yorkshire sows were fed a corn-soybean basal diet unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.1% flavor compound from d 90 of gestation to 25 d post-farrowing, and then the piglets were weaned. The reproductive performance and the fecal microbiota of sows were analyzed. Compared with the controls, flavor supplementation in maternal diets increased (P < 0.05) weaning litter weight, litter weight gain, weaning body weight, and average daily gain of piglets. There was a trend of increase in the average daily feed intake of sows (P = 0.09) by maternal dietary flavor addition. The backfat thickness and litter size were not affected by flavor supplementation (P > 0.05). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that flavor supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium (P < 0.05), but significantly decreased genera Terrisporobacter, Alloprevotella, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Escherichia-shigella (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Phascolarctobacterum was positively correlated with the average daily feed intake of sows (P < 0.05), the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). In contrast, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae were negatively correlated with the litter weight gain and average daily gain of piglets (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary flavor supplementation improved the reproductive performance of the sows, which was associated with enhanced beneficial microbiota and decreased potentially pathogenic bacteria in the sows.  相似文献   

8.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of steam-flaked corn (SFC) with shredded sugar beet pulp (SBP) in the starter diet on selective intake (sorting), feeding and chewing behavior, blood biochemical parameters, and growth in newborn female Holstein dairy calves. A total of 48 calves (3 d old; 40.1 ± 0.84 kg body weight; mean ± SE) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding treatments containing 0 or 25% SBP (percentage of dry matter [DM]) in the starter diet. Calves were weaned on d 61 and remained in the study until d 81. Intake of starter feed and total intake of DM (milk DM + starter feed DM), crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding SBP; however, intake of starch (P < 0.01) and total intake of ether extract (P = 0.03) were decreased with no apparent effect on total intake of ME. Average daily gain, feed efficiency, final weight, and skeletal growth also showed no significant changes. Circulating concentrations of glucose, total protein, and albumin were not affected by partial replacement of SBP with SFC; however, higher concentrations of blood urea-N (P = 0.01) and a lower albumin-to-globulin ratio (P = 0.03) were observed in SBP- vs. SFC-fed calves. Calves fed SBP sorted more for particles retained on the 4.75-mm sieve (P = 0.02) and against particles retained on the 0.6-mm sieve and bottom pan (P < 0.01). Intake of neutral detergent fibers and starch from particles retained on all sieve fractions was increased and decreased (P < 0.01), respectively, by replacing SFC with SBP. Replacement of SBP with SFC was associated with increased meal length and meal size and increased rumination frequency and length, but decreased intervals between rumination (P ≤ 0.01). Calves fed SBP spent more time eating, rumination, and standing and less time lying and non-nutritive oral behaviors (P < 0.01). In general, 25% replacement of SFC with SBP did not affect calf performance but increased time spent rumination and eating and decreased non-nutritive oral behaviors.  相似文献   

9.
Silage of high moisture sorghum grains is a highly relevant source of energy in cattle production systems in South America. There is little information related to the chemical characteristics, the kinetics of fermentation and the toxic fungal populations of these feedstuffs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of storage time and condensed tannins content of the grain on chemical composition, in vitro fermentation parameters, and toxicogenic fungal populations of moist sorghum grain stored in silo-bags. Samples of 2 varieties of sorghum grains (high-tannin [HT] and low-tannin [LT]), were obtained during the grain harvest before silage making and after 30, 90, and 180 d of storage (n = 16). High-tannin grains had higher acid detergent fiber, tannins, gas production (P < 0.05) and lower starch and rate of gas production (P < 0.01). Interaction variety × storage time were observed for all chemical parameters (P < 0.01), except for neutral detergent fiber assayed with a heat stable amylase and expressed inclusive of residual ash (aNDF) and pH. Starch and protein content increased in both varieties, tannins decreased in HT and LT, and organic matter (OM) increased in HT and declined in LT (P < 0.05). The rate of gas production increased with the storage time for HT and LT (P < 0.01). A linear reduction in the Aspergillus number of colonies in the HT varieties was observed (P < 0.01), whereas a linear increase in Penicillium isolation was detected in the LT sorghums (P < 0.01). The storage time was beneficial in terms of decreasing the condensed tannins, increasing fractional rate of gas production and minimizing fungal contamination, particularly on HT grains.  相似文献   

10.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ageing corn levels (stored for 4 years) with or without the supplementation of tea polyphenols (TPP) on the performance, egg quality and antioxidant status of laying hens. A total of 288 Lohmann commercial laying hens (63-week-old) were used under a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with 4 levels of dietary ageing corn (0%, 25%, 50%, or 100%) and 2 levels of TPP (0 and 600 mg/kg) for 8 wk. Dietary ageing corn linearly decreased (P < 0.05) the egg production, serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) of laying hens, yolk index, yolk colour, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) value and the reducing power value of egg yolk, but it linearly increased (P < 0.05) the feed conversion rate, ovary malondialdehyde (MDA) content of laying hens, and the protein carbonyl content of egg yolk. Tea polyphenol supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the serum T-AOC, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver SOD, liver GSH-Px, ovary SOD, GSH-Px, the expression of antioxidant-related genes of laying hens, albumen height, Haugh unit, DPPH value and the majority free amino acids of egg yolk, but it decreased (P < 0.05) the serum MDA content of laying hens, MDA and protein carbonyl of egg yolk. In conclusion, the ageing corn significantly reduced the performance, egg quality, antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens, while TPP supplementation partially counteracted the adverse effects, especially antioxidant status and egg antioxidant capacity of laying hens.  相似文献   

11.
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12.
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen-protected Lys based on a Lys-deficient diet on liver metabolism in growing Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted for 3 months with 36 Holstein heifers (initial body weight: 200 ± 9.0 kg; 7-month-old). Heifers were randomly assigned to 2 diets based on corn, soybean meal, alfalfa hay, and wheat bran: control, Lys-deficient diet (LD; 0.66% Lys in diet), and Lys-adequate diet (LA; 1.00% Lys in diet). The results showed no difference in growth performance between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a clear trend of increasing feed conversion rate with Lys supplementation (0.05 < P < 0.01). The serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly decreased, and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio was significantly decreased by Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, growing heifers fed a Lys-adequate diet had lower levels of urine nitrogen excretion and higher levels of the biological value of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that 5 types of phosphatidylcholine and 3 types of ceramide were significantly increased and enriched in sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism (P < 0.05). His, Leu, and Asp levels were significantly decreased in the liver following Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Lys supplementation may promote the synthesis of body tissue proteins, as evidenced by significantly decreased amino acids in the liver and urine N excretion, it also improves hepatic lipid metabolism by providing lipoprotein precursors.  相似文献   

13.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1039-1051
This study evaluated the effect of organic acids–essential oils blend with or without oat hulls (OH) on growth performance, organ weights, blood parameters, gut morphology, microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 1) a corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet (BAS), 2) BAS + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), 3) BAS + protected organic acids–essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed (OE), and 4) BAS + protected organic acids–essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed + 3% OH (OEOH), in 8 replicate groups. Feeding was in starter (d 0 to 14), grower (d 14 to 24), and finisher (d 24 to 36) phases. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were determined weekly. On d 36, 8 chickens per treatment were sampled for blood biochemistry, organ weights, cecal SCFA production, and microbiota. Treatments had no effect on FI and FCR at all phases. Both OE and OEOH treatments reduced (P < 0.001) the body weight gain of birds at the starter phase. Birds fed the OEOH treatment had higher (P < 0.001) gizzard weight, while those offered the BMD diet showed a tendency (P = 0.08) to have higher cecal weight. Birds in the OEOH treatment recorded increased ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, as well as reduced duodenal crypt depth, while birds in the OE treatment had increased jejunal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio. Both OEOH and OE treatments increased the number of goblet cells produced in the duodenum and jejunum. Treatments had no effect on SCFA concentrations. Birds in the OE treatment recorded the lowest concentration of blood urea (P = 0.05) and cholesterol (P < 0.05). Both OE and OEOH treatments increased (P < 0.05) the relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria in the genus Firmicutes_unclassified, Ruminococcus, Turicibacter, and Erysipelotrichaceae_unclassified, while reducing (P < 0.001) the relative abundance of potentially harmful Coprobacillus. Conclusively, both protected organic acids–essential oils blend and its combination with oat fibers show potential as tools to achieve antibiotics reduction in broiler production.  相似文献   

14.
A 3 × 2 factorial design with growing dairy-breed bulls was used to study the effects on animal performance of (1) proportion of concentrate (rolled barley) in the diet, and (2) inclusion of rapeseed meal (RSM) in the barley-based concentrate in a total mixed ration (TMR). The interactions between concentrate proportion and RSM supplement were also examined.Three feeding experiments comprised in total of 84 Finnish Ayrshire bulls and 6 Friesian bulls. The bulls were fed TMR ad libitum. The three concentrate proportions were 300 (L), 500 (M) and 700 (H) g/kg dry matter (DM), fed without RSM (RSM−) or with RSM (RSM+). Rapeseed meal was given so that the crude protein (CP) content of the concentrate was raised to 160 g/kg DM in the RSM+ diets. In the RSM− diets the CP content of the concentrate was 128 g/kg DM, so the CP content increased 25% with RSM supplementation. Increasing the proportion of concentrate led to a linear improvement in daily live weight gain (LWG) (P < 0.05), but there were no significant treatment differences in the DM intake (kg/d). Increasing the proportion of concentrate also led to significantly higher CP (P < 0.001) and phosphorus (P) (P < 0.001) supply and significantly improved DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (P < 0.001). However, the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased (P < 0.001) as the proportion of concentrate increased. The feed conversion rate (kg DM/kg LWG) decreased significantly with increasing concentrate proportion (P < 0.001). Rapeseed meal supplement had no effect on animal performance, but the supply of CP (P < 0.01) and P (P < 0.001) was higher when RSM was included in the diet. The CP (P < 0.001) and NDF (P < 0.05) digestibilities were also higher for the RSM+ diets than for the RSM− diets. Because RSM at the concentration used did not affect animal performance, there is no reason to use RSM supplementation for finishing dairy bulls when there is good quality grass silage and barley-based concentrate in the TMR ration. This study also shows that there is a need to update the Finnish feeding recommendations for dairy-breed growing bulls, and extra calculations are needed for the energy and protein supply of growing dairy bulls.  相似文献   

15.
In ovo feeding of vitamin C (VC) has positive effects on the growth performance, immune and antioxidant function in poultry, which indicates that increasing VC content in eggs may be of benefit. This study was to investigate the effects of dietary VC supplementation on VC synthesis and transportation and egg deposition. In Exp. 1, in order to select a suitable animal model, VC content was detected in different eggs from different layer species. Vitamin C content was lower in ISA Brown breeder eggs and Hy-Line Brown layer eggs (P < 0.05) then in Arbor Acres breeder eggs. In Exp. 2, a total of 24 Hy-Line Brown layers (42-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 8 replicates and fed a basal diet with VC at 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Sodium-dependent VC transporter 1 and 2 (SVCT1 and SVCT2) expressions were higher in ileum than in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). SVCT1 expression was higher but SVCT2 expression was lower in the magnum than in the ovary (P < 0.05). L-Gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) and SVCT1 expressions were higher but SVCT2 was lower in the kidney than in the liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation at 400 mg/kg increased SVCT1 expression in duodenum, ovary and magnum, but decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation at 200 and 400 mg/kg increased SVCT2 expression in duodenum, but decreased GLO and SVCT1 expression in kidney and SVCT2 expression in liver (P < 0.05). Dietary VC supplementation promoted VC absorption in duodenum and jejunum, but reduced endogenous VC synthesis in liver and kidney. Although dietary VC supplementation enhanced VC transportation in ovary and magnum, it did not increase VC deposition in produced eggs.  相似文献   

16.
Self-biting behavior (SBB) is a serious behavioral disorder in farmed minks, but little is known about the biological basis of this disorder. The present study examined for the first time the hepatic and cerebral oxidative stress biomarker levels in SBB minks and compared them with those in normal ones to study the association of oxidative stress and SBB in minks. Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ATPase) activities were also determined to investigate whether the Ca2+ pump in brain is affected. Twenty male SBB minks and 20 male normal minks were chosen in December. The brain and liver of each mink were harvested immediately after slaughter to test oxidative stress biomarkers. All parameters were determined by using a spectrophotometer. Our findings were as follows: SBB minks produced more malondialdehyde with 51% increase in brain (P < 0.01) and 22% increase in liver (P < 0.01) compared with normal minks. Similarly, the hepatic and cerebral protein carbonyls in SBB minks were 18.5% (P < 0.01) and 30% higher (P < 0.001), respectively. Glutathione peroxidase activities in brain and catalase activities in both tissues of SBB minks were markedly lower than those of normal group (P < 0.01). However, SBB minks had higher total superoxide dismutase (SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, and Mn-SOD activities in both tissues (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Significant depletion of glutathione and vitamin E levels were observed in SBB minks (P < 0.01 or P <0 .05). Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activities in the brain of SBB minks were inhibited (P < 0.01). Our results supported the oxidative stress hypothesis in minks with SBB.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluated the effects of micro-encapsulated (protected) organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) combination, P(OA + EO), and effects of a regular blend of free acids (FA) on the growth, immune responses, intestinal barrier and microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4 (K88+). A total of 30 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned barrows (7.41 ± 0.06 kg, 28 d old) were assigned randomly to 5 treatments: 1) non-challenged positive control (PC), 2) ETEC F4 (K88+)-challenged negative control (NC), 3) NC + kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg + olaquindox at 100 mg/kg + free acidifier (FA) at 5 g/kg, 4) NC + kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg + olaquindox at 100 mg/kg + P(OA + EO) at 1 g/kg (P1), 5) NC + kitasamycin at 50 mg/kg + olaquindox at 100 mg/kg + P(OA + EO) at 2 g/kg (P2). Each dietary treatment had 6 replicates of one piglet each and the study lasted for 3 wk. On d 7, pigs in NC, FA, P1 and P2 were orally dosed with 10 mL of ETEC F4 (K88+) culture (1 × 109 CFU/mL). From d 7 to 14 after the ETEC F4 (K88+) challenge, P1 increased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) significantly (P < 0.05) compared with NC and FA groups. From d 14 to 21, P2 increased the average daily gain of pigs (P < 0.05) compared with NC and FA groups. Compared with NC, P2 reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations (P < 0.05) in sera collected at 4 h later after ETEC F4 (K88+) challenge. On d 21, P1 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein expression in ileum compared with NC (P < 0.05). After this 3-wk experiment, alpha diversity of gut microbiota was decreased by P2 compared with PC, and P1 increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in ileum, cecum and colon (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary P(OA + EO) additive at 2 g/kg combined with antibiotics could improve piglet performance and attenuate inflammation, and P(OA + EO) additive at 1 g/kg combined with antibiotics improved intestinal barrier and increased beneficial microbiota composition after an F4 (K88+) challenge.  相似文献   

18.
1. In a 5 × 2 factorial experiment, the performance of male broiler chickens given starter (1 to 21 d) and finisher (21 to 42 d) diets containing five concentrations (0, 74.5, 149.0, 223.5 and 298.0 g/kg) of rapeseed meal (RSM) and two concentrations (0 and 15 g/kg) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) was measured.

2. Bodyweight gain and food intake decreased (P<0.01) with increasing dietary RSM both in the starter and finisher phases.

3. The relative weights of thyroid glands, liver, heart and the ratio of water to food intake increased (P<0.01) while the dressing percentage, abdominal fat‐pad weight and the feather condition score decreased (P<0.01) with increasing dietary RSM.

4. The mortality rate was increased (P<0.05) on diets containing 149 g/kg or more of RSM. The main causes of deaths and culling on the high RSM diets were enlarged livers and hearts, liver haemorrhage and leg disorders.

5. The inclusion of 15 g/kg PEG in the starter diets increased (P<0.01) bodyweight gains and food intake. It also increased (P<0.05) water consumption between 37–39 d, faecal moisture content at 40 d and the haemoglobin content in blood.

6. There were no interactions between the dietary concentrations of RSM and PEG on growth and other variables measured.  相似文献   


19.
The effects of two concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3; 0.01 and 1,000 nM) on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation abilities of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were evaluated. The osteogenic study evaluated the effect of T3 using alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay; cell viability and density; and formation of mineralized nodules at Days 7, 14, and 21 in culture. The chondrogenic study tested the effect of T3 through ALP assay, mitochondrial metabolism, cell density, and periodic acid–Schiff-positive (PAS+) matrix percentage at Days 7 and 14. In both experiments, analysis of variance was used to compare averages through the Student–Newman–Keuls test. In the osteogenic study, no differences in any variable were detected between groups at Day 7. At Day 14, 0.01 nM T3 reduced cell density and the number of mineralized nodules despite the increase in ALP activity and mitochondrial metabolism (P < .05). ALP activity increased at 1,000 nM T3 concentration (P < .05). At Day 21, 0.01 nM T3 treatment increased ALP activity compared with control treatment (P < .05). At 1,000 nM concentration, T3 reduced mitochondrial metabolism and cell density (P < .05). In the chondrogenic study, the two T3 concentrations increased cell density compared with control treatment at Day 7. At Day 14, higher T3 concentration reduced mitochondrial metabolism, ALP activity, cell density, and PAS+ chondrogenic matrix percentage compared with control treatment (P < .05). Thus, T3 addition to equine AD-MSC cultures has no enhancement effect on osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation and may, in fact, negatively affect cell density and matrix synthesis depending on hormone concentration and culture time.  相似文献   

20.
《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(4):1205-1218
It is known that nitrate inhibits ruminal methanogenesis, mainly through competition with hydrogenotrophic methanogens for available hydrogen (H2) and also through toxic effects on the methanogens. However, there is limited knowledge about its effects on the others members of ruminal microbiota and their metabolites. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate inclusion on enteric methane (CH4) emission, temporal changes in ruminal microbiota, and fermentation in Holstein calves. Eighteen animals were maintained in individual pens for 45 d. Animals were randomly allocated to either a control (CTR) or nitrate (NIT, containing 15 g of calcium nitrate/kg dry matter) diets. Methane emissions were estimated using the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer method. Ruminal microbiota changes and ruminal fermentation were evaluated at 0, 4, and 8 h post-feeding. In this study, feed dry matter intake (DMI) did not differ between dietary treatments (P > 0.05). Diets containing NIT reduced CH4 emissions by 27% (g/d) and yield by 21% (g/kg DMI) compared to the CTR (P < 0.05). The pH values and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration did not differ between dietary treatments (P > 0.05) but differed with time, and post-feeding (P < 0.05). Increases in the concentrations of ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) and acetate were observed, whereas propionate decreased at 4 h post-feeding with the NIT diet (P < 0.05). Feeding the NIT diet reduced the populations of total bacteria, total methanogens, Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and the abundance of Succiniclasticum, Coprococcus, Treponema, Shuttlewortia, Succinivibrio, Sharpea, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Selenomona (P < 0.05); whereas, the population of total fungi, protozoa, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Atopobium and Erysipelotrichaceae L7A_E11 increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding nitrate reduces enteric CH4 emissions and the methanogens population, whereas it decreases the propionate concentration and the abundance of bacteria involved in the succinate and acrylate pathways. Despite the altered fermentation profile and ruminal microbiota, DMI was not influenced by dietary nitrate. These findings suggest that nitrate has a predominantly direct effect on the reduction of methanogenesis and propionate synthesis.  相似文献   

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