共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
Phytoplankton bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the ross sea: spatial coherence with the density field 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Measurements of chlorophyll, particulate carbon, and biogenic silica concentrations near a receding ice edge off the coast of Victoria Land, Antarctica, indicated the presence of a dense phytoplankton bloom. The bloom extended 250 kilometers from the ice edge and was restricted to waters where the melting of ice had resulted in reduced salinity. The region involved was one of enhanced vertical stability, which may have favored phytoplankton growth, accumulation, or both. Epontic algae released from melting ice may have served as an inoculum for the bloom. Ratios of organic carbon to chlorophyll and biogenic silica to carbon were unusually high, resulting in high biogenic silica concentrations despite only moderately high chlorophyll levels. 相似文献
2.
Riggs AC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,224(4644):58-61
Carbon-14 contents as low as 3.3 +/- 0.2 percent modern (apparent age, 27,000 years) measured from the shells of snails Melanoides tuberculatus living in artesian springs in southern Nevada are attributed to fixation of dissolved HCO(3)(-) with which the shells are in carbon isotope equilibrium. Recognition of the existence of such extreme deficiencies is necessary so that erroneous ages are not attributed to freshwater biogenic carbonates. 相似文献
3.
Wahlen M Tanaka N Henry R Deck B Zeglen J Vogel JS Southon J Shemesh A Fairbanks R Broecker W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1989,245(4915):286-290
Measurements of carbon-14 in small samples of methane from major biogenic sources, from biomass burning, and in "clean air" samples from both the Northern and Southern hemispheres reveal that methane from ruminants contains contemporary carbon, whereas that from wetlands, pat bogs, rice fields, and tundra is somewhat, depleted in carbon-14. Atmospheric (14)GH(4) seems to have increased from 1986 to 1987, and levels at the end of 1987 were 123.3 +/- 0.8 percent modern carbon (pMC) in the Northern Hemisphere and 120.0 +/- 0.7 pMC in the Southern Hemisphere. Model calculations of source partitioning based on the carbon-14 data, CH(4) concentrations, and delta(13)C in CH(4) indicate that 21 +/- 3% of atmospheric CH(4) was derived from fossil carbon at the end of 1987. The data also indicate that pressurized water reactors are an increasingly important source of (14)CH(4). 相似文献
4.
We demonstrated in laboratory experiments that temperature control of marine bacteria action on diatoms strongly influences the coupling of biogenic silica and organic carbon preservation. Low temperature intensified the selective regeneration of organic matter by marine bacteria as the silicon:carbon preservation ratio gradually increased from approximately 1 at 33 degrees C to approximately 6 at -1.8 degrees C. Temperature control of bacteria-mediated selective preservation of silicon versus carbon should help to interpret and model the variable coupling of silicon and carbon sinking fluxes and the spatial patterns of opal accumulation in oceanic systems with different temperature regimes. 相似文献
5.
Seasonal variations in the stable carbon isotopic signature of biogenic methane in a coastal sediment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Systematic seasonal variations in the stable carbon isotopic signature of methane gas occur in the anoxic sediments of Cape Lookout Bight, a lagoonal basin on North Carolina's Outer Banks. Values for the carbon isotope ratio (delta 13C) of methane range from -57.3 per mil during summer to -68.5 per mil during winter in gas bubbles with an average methane content of 95%. The variations are hypothesized to result from changes in the pathways of microbial methane production and cycling of key substrates including acetate and hydrogen. The use of stable isotopic signatures to investigate the global methane cycle through mass balance calculations, involving various sediment and soil biogenic sources, appears to require seasonally averaged data from individual sites. 相似文献
6.
Records of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in biogenic silica and carbon isotopes in planktonic foraminifera from deep-sea sediment cores from the Southern Ocean reveal that the primary production during the last glacial maximum was lower than Holocene productivity. These observations conflict with the hypothesis that the low atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were introduced by an increase in the efficiency of the high-latitude biological pump. Instead, different oceanic sectors may have had high glacial productivity, or alternative mechanisms that do not involve the biological pump must be considered as the primary cause of the low glacial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. 相似文献
7.
[目的]研究靠近三峡大坝的第一大支流香溪河沉积物中碳氮元素分布特征。[方法]以三峡水库典型支流香溪河入河口河段为对象,于2015年春季开展了柱状沉积物采样调查,初步研究了该区域碳、氮等生源要素的分布特征。[结果]调查河段沉积物总碳含量为1.74%~3.52%,总氮含量为0.10%~0.30%。总碳含量的沿程变化表现为靠近河口的沉积物中总碳平均含量低于上游,深度变化是靠近河口采样点的表层沉积物中总碳含量显著高于底层。而总氮含量的沿程变化和深度变化没有总碳变化明显。δ13C值随深度的增加而增加,靠近河口的沉积物中δ13C值小于上游采样点。[结论]该研究为认识香溪河沉积物中生源要素的分布特征及水生生态系统的演变过程提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
Food-web processes are important controls of oceanic biogenic carbon flux and ocean-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange. Two key controlling parameters are the growth efficiencies of the principal trophic components and the rate of carbon remineralization. We report that bacterial growth efficiency is an inverse function of temperature. This relationship permits bacterial respiration in the euphotic zone to be computed from temperature and bacterial production. Using the temperature-growth efficiency relationship, we show that bacterial respiration generally accounts for most community respiration. This implies that a larger fraction of assimilated carbon is respired at low than at high latitudes, so a greater proportion of production can be exported in polar than in tropical regions. Because bacterial production is also a function of temperature, it should be possible to compute euphotic zone heterotrophic respiration at large scales using remotely sensed information. 相似文献
9.
RB Rivkin L Legendre D Deibel JE Tremblay B Klein K Crocker S Roy N Silverberg C Lovejoy F Mesple N Romero MR Anderson P Matthews C Savenkoff A Vezina JC Therriault J Wesson C Berube RG Ingram 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,272(5265):1163-1166
Models of biogenic carbon (BC) flux assume that short herbivorous food chains lead to high export, whereas complex microbial or omnivorous food webs lead to recycling and low export, and that export of BC from the euphotic zone equals new production (NP). In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, particulate organic carbon fluxes were similar during the spring phytoplankton bloom, when herbivory dominated, and during nonbloom conditions, when microbial and omnivorous food webs dominated. In contrast, NP was 1.2 to 161 times greater during the bloom than after it. Thus, neither food web structure nor NP can predict the magnitude or patterns of BC export, particularly on time scales over which the ocean is in nonequilibrium conditions. 相似文献
10.
Eclogitic diamonds have a large range of delta13C values, whereas peridotitic diamonds do not. Paired delta15N-delta13C-N variations in 40 eclogitic diamonds from the Jwaneng kimberlite in Botswana show that neither the influence of recycled biogenic carbon nor the global and primordial heterogeneity of mantle carbon are likely for the origin of the large delta13C range; the data instead support a fractionation process. It is proposed that carbonatitic mantle melts from which diamonds crystallize undergo different evolutions before diamond precipitation, when percolating through either a peridotite or an eclogite. These different evolutions, reflecting the presence or absence of olivine, can account for their respective delta13C distributions. 相似文献
11.
The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Tréguer P Nelson DM Van Bennekom AJ Demaster DJ Leynaert A Quéguiner B 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1995,268(5209):375-379
The net inputs of silicic acid (dissolved silica) to the world ocean have been revised to 6.1 +/- 2.0 teramoles of silicon per year (1 teramole = 10(12) moles). The major contribution (about 80 percent) comes from rivers, whose world average silicic acid concentration is 150 micromolar. These inputs are reasonably balanced by the net ouputs of biogenic silica of 7.1 +/- 1.8 teramoles of silicon per year in modern marine sediments. The gross production of biogenic silica (the transformation of dissolved silicate to particulate skeletal material) in surface waters was estimated to be 240 +/- 40 teramoles of silicon per year, and the preservation ratio (opal accumulation in sediment/gross production in surface waters) averages 3 percent. In the world ocean the residence time of silicon, relative to total biological uptake in surface waters, is about 400 years. 相似文献
12.
Lithologic, faunal, seismic, and isotopic evidence from the Blake Nose (subtropical western North Atlantic) links a massive release of biogenic methane approximately 55.5 million years ago to a warming of deep-ocean and high-latitude surface waters, a large perturbation in the combined ocean-atmosphere carbon cycle (the largest of the past 90 million years), a mass extinction event in benthic faunas, and a radiation of mammalian orders. The deposition of a mud clast interval and seismic evidence for slope disturbance are associated with intermediate water warming, massive carbon input to the global exogenic carbon cycle, pelagic carbonate dissolution, a decrease in dissolved oxygen, and a benthic foraminiferal extinction event. These events provide evidence to confirm the gas hydrate dissociation hypothesis and identify the Blake Nose as a site of methane release. 相似文献
13.
Furnes H Banerjee NR Muehlenbachs K Staudigel H de Wit M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5670):578-581
Pillow lava rims from the Mesoarchean Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa contain micrometer-scale mineralized tubes that provide evidence of submarine microbial activity during the early history of Earth. The tubes formed during microbial etching of glass along fractures, as seen in pillow lavas from recent oceanic crust. The margins of the tubes contain organic carbon, and many of the pillow rims exhibit isotopically light bulk-rock carbonate delta13C values, supporting their biogenic origin. Overlapping metamorphic and magmatic dates from the pillow lavas suggest that microbial life colonized these subaqueous volcanic rocks soon after their eruption almost 3.5 billion years ago. 相似文献
14.
不同植茶年限土壤团聚体有机碳的分布特征 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
【目的】探索和了解茶园土壤有机碳的稳定性及碳固持能力。【方法】采用野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法,开展植茶年限为15 a、22 a、30 a和50 a土壤团聚体有机碳分布特征研究。【结果】随着土壤团聚体粒径的减小,团聚体总有机碳、活性有机碳、颗粒有机碳、水溶性有机碳和可矿化碳含量增加,最大值主要集中于＜0.25 mm、0.5—0.25 mm团聚体中,而团聚体微生物量碳含量则随粒径减小而先增加再减小,最大值分布于5—2 mm团聚体中,团聚体中各组分有机碳占总有机碳比例随团聚体粒径减小而减小;随植茶年限的延长,团聚体中总有机碳含量增加,活性有机碳和颗粒有机碳先降低再增加,植茶22 a时含量最低,而水溶性有机碳、可矿化碳和微生物量碳则呈现先增加再降低的趋势,植茶30 a时含量最高,且团聚体中各组分有机碳占总有机碳比例均随着植茶年限的延长呈现下降的趋势;土壤团聚体总有机碳以及各个碳组分含量均为0—20 cm土层大于20—40 cm土层,而土壤团聚体各组分有机碳占总有机碳的比例均为20—40 cm土层大于0—20 cm土层。【结论】较小粒径团聚体有机碳稳定性较强,土壤有机碳固持能力存在临界植茶年限;0—20 cm土层碳汇效应较20—40 cm土层强。 相似文献
15.
【目的】 研究新疆干旱荒漠绿洲区农田改建为果园或果农间作园后对土壤总有机碳、易氧化及溶解性有机碳的影响。【方法】 在阿克苏地区采集小麦地、枣园及枣麦间作园土壤,测定其总有机碳、易氧化及溶解性有机碳含量。【结果】 在0~100 cm土壤剖面上,不同土地利用方式下土壤总有机碳含量的平均值表现为枣园 > 枣麦间作 >小麦,土壤易氧化及溶解性有机碳含量表现为枣麦间作 > 枣园 >小麦。农田改建为果园或果农间作园后,显著提高了土壤总有机碳、易氧化及溶解性有机碳含量(P< 0.05)。易氧化及溶解性有机碳的分配比例则表现为由农田更替为果园后,降低了各土层易氧化有机碳分配比例。农田更替为果农间作园后,降低了0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的易氧化有机碳分配比例,其余土层表现为增加。溶解性有机碳分配比例大致随土层深度增加呈先减少后增加的变化趋势。不同土地利用方式下,农田、果园和果农间作园的土壤易氧化有机碳、溶解性有机碳含量均与土壤总有机碳含量显著正相关(P< 0.05)。【结论】 新疆干旱荒漠绿洲区农田转化为果园提高了土壤有机碳的稳定性,促进了土壤有机碳的积累,农田转化为果农间作园仅提高了表层0~20 cm土层有机碳的稳定性。 相似文献
16.
Ozanne CM Anhuf D Boulter SL Keller M Kitching RL Körner C Meinzer FC Mitchell AW Nakashizuka T Dias PL Stork NE Wright SJ Yoshimura M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5630):183-186
The forest canopy is the functional interface between 90% of Earth's terrestrial biomass and the atmosphere. Multidisciplinary research in the canopy has expanded concepts of global species richness, physiological processes, and the provision of ecosystem services. Trees respond in a species-specific manner to elevated carbon dioxide levels, while climate change threatens plant-animal interactions in the canopy and will likely alter the production of biogenic aerosols that affect cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry. 相似文献
17.
为准确估算福建省表层土壤有机碳密度，确定其空间分布和影响因素，基于2016—2019年采集的4 350个表层土壤样本，利用地统计学方法与ArcGIS技术分析土壤有机碳密度空间分布，并通过随机森林模型分析影响土壤有机碳密度的重要因素。结果表明：福建省表层土壤有机碳密度范围为0.03~14.68 kg·m-2，平均值为4.06 kg·m-2。全省表层土壤有机碳密度在空间上聚集分布，具有中等程度空间自相关性，空间变异主要由结构性因素主导，呈现自南向北、从沿海向内陆山地逐渐升高的空间分布格局。降雨量、海拔、土壤质地和土壤pH是影响有机碳储量的主要因素，地貌类型、土壤类型和作物类型影响相对较弱，且随着化肥（磷肥和钾肥）施用量的增加，表层土壤有机碳密度显著降低。研究表明，福建省表层土壤有机碳密度不高，空间分布聚集，自然气候变化、地形因子和人类活动都会影响土壤有机碳密度，其中降雨量、海拔、土壤质地和土壤pH为主导因素。 相似文献
18.
[目的]研究鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺含量变化。[方法]利用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测法研究了鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油中酪胺、尸胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺、胍丁胺和腐胺7种生物胺含量在发酵过程中的变化。[结果]鱼酱油中的7种生物胺得到了很好的分离和测定,平均回收率较好,为88.6%～111.7%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中7种生物胺的变化规律：酪胺含量随发酵时间的延长增加较快,腐胺次之,组胺含量增加较少,尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量在发酵过程中变化很小。发酵30d得到的鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油中酪胺、腐胺、组胺、尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量分别为（20.75±0.84）、（8.95±0.55）、（3.37±0.27）、（0.32±0.07）、（0.14±0.02）、（0.67±0.02）、（0.69±0.03）mg/L,其与日本鱿鱼鱼酱油各种生物胺的含量比例相似。[结论]为鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油的生产提供技术资料。 相似文献
19.
长期施肥对黑土水稳性团聚体稳定性及有机碳分布的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】基于黑土长期定位试验平台,研究不同施肥方式下土壤水稳性团聚体和有机碳分布特征,以期揭示化肥和有机肥长期施用对土壤肥力的影响,为实现黑土合理培肥提供理论指导。【方法】依托37年黑土长期定位试验,采集CK（不施肥）、NPK（化肥）、M2（常量有机肥）、M2NPK（常量有机肥配施化肥）、M4（高量有机肥）、M4NPK（高量有机肥配施化肥）处理0—20 cm土层的土壤样品,利用湿筛法分析水稳性团聚体稳定性及有机碳在不同粒级团聚体中的分配特征。【结果】长期有机无机配施以及施高量有机肥显著降低大团聚体比例,提高微团聚体比例。长期施用化肥及常量有机肥并未明显改变团聚体的分布。M2NPK、M4NPK、M4处理的大团聚体比例较CK处理分别降低32.7%、45.8%和55.4%,而微团聚体的比例较CK处理分别提高73.2%、102.5%和123.9%。长期有机无机配施及高量有机肥的施用显著降低表层土壤水稳性团聚体的稳定性。长期施肥显著增加土壤有机碳含量,增加量为CK的1.12—2.06倍,施用有机肥及有机无机配施处理有机碳含量增加更为显著。长期施用有机肥可以增加各粒级水稳性团聚体中有机碳的含量,且随着粒径的变小,各处理有机碳含量的增加幅度逐渐减小。各处理水稳性大团聚体中有机碳含量显著高于微团聚体,这表明有机碳主要分布在大团聚体中。长期施高量有机肥及配施化肥显著降低了大团聚体对有机碳的贡献率,增大了微团聚体的贡献率,即微团聚体有机碳贡献率高于大团聚体,而其他处理大团聚体有机碳贡献率高于微团聚体。【结论】黑土长期施用化肥对团聚体的分布及团聚体有机碳含量没有显著影响。高量有机肥以及有机无机配施显著降低了大团聚体的比例,进而降低土壤团聚体的稳定性。长期施用有机肥显著增加土壤及各粒级团聚体中有机碳含量。高量有机肥及配施化肥显著降低了大团聚体有机碳贡献率,有机碳贡献率的优势粒级为微团聚体。 相似文献
20.
土地利用变化对土壤水稳性团聚体轻组有机碳的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对福建省建瓯市农业利用(坡耕地、茶园、橘园)和林业利用(杉木、木荷、封育)土地不同土层(0-10 cm、10-20 cm)土壤团聚体轻组有机碳进行研究.结果表明:土壤表层团聚体轻组物质含量一般高于次表层,它们占土壤质量比例分别为0.01%-0.42%与0.01%-0.28%,林地土壤团聚体轻组有机碳浓度显著高于农地.林地开垦农用后,土壤各粒级团聚体轻组碳都发生大幅度损失(橘园除外),轻组有机碳贮量损失最高达90%,土壤总轻组有机碳与>2 mm、0.5-2 mm、<0.25mm粒径团聚体轻组有机碳呈显著正相关.轻组碳比全碳更能反映由于土地利用变化导致有机质损失的敏感程度. 相似文献