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从钾矿区优势蕨类植物-芒萁内生真菌中筛选出具溶磷、解钾、分泌吲哚乙酸(IAA)的功能菌株,并研究其对农作物的促生作用。采用菌株的形态学特性、培养特征及5.8S rDNA、18S rDNA ITS序列分析方法对菌株进行鉴定,并结合液体培养和固体培养方法初步测定菌株的溶磷、解钾能力,采用回接及盆栽试验研究它们对玉米幼苗的促生作用。从42株芒萁内生真菌中筛选得到2株具有高效溶磷、解钾、分泌IAA功能的内生真菌菌株(编号为MQ013和MQ039),经鉴定MQ013菌株为泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori),MQ039菌株为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。促生作用试验结果显示,MQ013、MQ039菌株能有效提高玉米植株体内叶绿素及磷、钾含量。MQ013、MQ039菌株具有一定的溶磷、解钾和分泌IAA活性,并对玉米幼苗的生长有明显的促进作用,该菌株在研制高效生物肥料接种剂方面可能具有较大潜力。 相似文献
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降解玉米秸秆真菌复合菌系的构建及其降解效果评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
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为筛选适宜的玉米秸秆纤维素降解菌株作为玉米秸秆腐熟菌剂菌株资源储备，通过采用腐殖玉米秸秆土壤微生物培养筛选、刚果红水解圈测试及酶活测定等多种方法的应用，筛选得到2株具有纤维降解能力的真菌1#菌株和2#菌株。经形态学和分子生物学鉴定，初步确定1#菌株为长枝木霉，2#菌株为聚多曲霉。真菌1#菌株和2#菌株在刚果红培养基上均呈现比生长圈大2倍的水解圈。2个菌株在液体、固体2种酶液发酵情况下均表现内切酶活较强(65.202～217.614 U/mL)，均高于外切酶活(55.398～85.322 U/mL)和滤纸酶活(46.074～141.366 U/mL)，认为这2个菌株可作为玉米秸秆专用腐熟菌剂研发的储备菌株。 相似文献
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为研究接种复合菌剂对堆肥微生物群落变化的影响,以奶牛粪便和稻草为原料进行堆肥试验,设添加复合菌剂BLD（由3株木质纤维素降解细菌组成,经测序鉴定分别为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、假单胞菌属中未鉴定种）和不加菌剂两个处理,利用传统平板培养与聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）方法相结合研究两种堆肥处理对微生物群落演替的影响。结果表明,基于传统培养方式,微生物数量呈升高-降低-升高-降低的趋势,且细菌数量明显大于真菌数量;DGGE图谱显示,两种堆肥处理的条带数呈现与传统培养相似的变化趋势。接种菌株在堆肥初期成功定殖,高温期成为优势菌株,降温期优势逐渐减弱。接种菌剂增加了堆肥中细菌数量,提高了堆肥微生物群落多样性,从而促进堆肥微生物群落演替,缩短堆肥腐熟时间。 相似文献
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研究筛选滇重楼根际土壤解磷菌,提高滇重楼产量和品质,为其微生物菌肥的研发提供优良菌株。采集四川、云南、贵州中10个不同地区野生品和移栽品滇重楼根际土壤分离筛选高效解无机磷菌,通过钼锑钪比色法进行溶磷能力测定,结合生理生化和16S rDNA进行鉴定分析。结果表明,共分离纯化42株溶磷菌,发酵液中有效磷的含量为66.68~104.10 mg/L,其中属于芽孢杆菌属Z3-4菌株解无机磷能力最强,发酵上清液中有效磷的含量为104.10 mg/L、增磷量为38.55 mg/L、解磷率为37.03%。菌株Z3-4是一株具有高效解无机磷作用的细菌,可应用于生物菌肥的生产。 相似文献
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海带渣菌肥作为土壤添加剂对土壤抑制病原真菌活性影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验以海带渣固体发酵微生物菌肥作为土壤添加剂为研究对象,以土壤浸出液抑制植物病原真菌寄生曲霉的活性来表示土壤自身抑制植物病原真菌的活性。试验通过Tip-culture定量检测方法对不同处理组的不同时期土壤浸出液抑制病原真菌寄生曲霉活性进行定量的测定。试验表明, 海带渣固体发酵微生物菌肥能显著提高土壤抑制植物病原真菌活性的能力。花生盆栽试验结果表明, 海带渣固体发酵微生物菌肥能极显著地提高土壤抑制病原真菌寄生曲霉的能力,其抑制活性对比未添加的CK对照组的抑菌活性提高了37.67%。海带渣固体发酵微生物菌肥作为土壤添加剂提高了土壤抑制病原真菌活性的能力,可用于特异抑菌土壤的培育。 相似文献
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将菌株D1、D2分别与小克银汉按一定比例富集培养制成两种复合微生物菌剂（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）,在充分供氧的条件下,通过气相色谱法研究两种复合菌剂的生长条件并筛选一种对毒死蜱有较好降解效果的高效复合微生物菌剂。结果表明,当接种量菌浓度为OD560=0.906时,两种菌剂生长的最适温度均为30 ℃,最适pH均为7.0;当毒死蜱浓度为100 mg·L^-1时,培养5 d后两种复合菌剂的降解效率分别为81.21%和86.57%,当温度为30 ℃、pH为6.0-8.0、毒死蜱浓度为20 mg·L^-1时,对毒死蜱的降解效率最高。本研究工作为复合菌剂的大规模生产提供了理论参数,为利用微生物进行有机磷农药土壤修复提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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磺酰脲类除草剂苄嘧磺隆残留期较长，造成农田土壤的残留污染问题。以苄嘧磺隆高效降解菌株Hansschlegelia zhihuaiae S113为材料制备降解菌剂，优化液体菌剂的保护剂种类与配比，筛选固体菌剂的最佳载体，初步应用固体菌剂并评价修复效果。研究结果表明：（1）向液体菌剂中添加合适的保护剂（0.30% 柠檬酸钠、0.20% 羧甲基纤维素、0.10% CaCl2）可使活菌数提高37.25%，保存30 d的液体菌剂对50 mg/L苄嘧磺隆的降解率为94.25%。（2）筛选出猪粪有机肥为固体菌剂的最佳载体，保存60 d时固体菌剂活菌数为7.45×107 cfu/g，对土壤中10 mg/kg苄嘧磺隆的降解率为91.22%。（3）固体菌剂的添加可有效减轻土壤中苄嘧磺隆残留对玉米的药害。 相似文献
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若尔盖高原湿地的真菌群落结构及低温纤维素降解真菌特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以若尔盖高原湿地的泥炭沼泽土壤为样,在利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)分析该生境真菌群结构的基础上,进一步通过可培养手段进行高效低温纤维素降解菌株的筛选。DGGE结果表明:阿西茸乡土样中真菌群落结构最复杂,其次是达扎寺乡、黑河乡。基于DGGE图谱条带序列的系统发育分析表明:若尔盖高原湿地中的优势真菌分属于白布勒弹孢酵母(Bulleromyces albus),曲霉属(Aspergillus),子黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum),假裸囊菌属(Pseudogymnoascus)和深色有隔内生真菌(Zalerion)等类群。通过纯培养从该区域分离到低温纤维素降解真菌50余株,其中S1和S7两株菌酶活最高,分别是9.36 U m L-1和23.01 U m L-1。系统发育分析显示菌株S1为白囊耙齿菌(Irpex lacteus),S7为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)。两株菌对水稻秸秆表现出明显的降解效果,50d内S7对半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的降解率分别为46.57%,63.37%和30.74%;而S1对各组分降解率分别为30.02%,54.55%和22.95%。研究表明,若尔盖高原湿地泥炭沼泽土真菌群落结构复杂,具潜在应用价值。 相似文献
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土壤中功能真菌的分离及其解磷能力的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从黑龙江省安达市草甸土壤中分离得到3株功能真菌HDJF-01、HDJF-02和HDJF-03,它们均具有解磷和固氮能力,而只有HDJF-03没有解钾能力.3株菌在3种分离培养基上的数量比例关系较为一致.对3株菌单独培养时的解磷能力研究表明,在发酵48 h时解磷能力最强,发酵液中游离磷含量分别为32.5 μg/mL(HDJF-01)、23.45 μg/mL(HDJF-02)和47.15 μg/mL(HDJF-03).48 h后,各株菌的解磷能力逐渐下降.将HDJF-01和HDJF-03配比解磷时,解磷能力有所下降.为解磷菌剂的开发生产提供了菌种资源. 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对菠菜生长特性及土壤微生物多样性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过化肥减量20%和40%并配施微生物菌剂试验,研究菌剂对菠菜营养生长的影响,并通过提取土壤微生物总DNA,进行16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE研究微生物多样性。结果表明:在菠菜生长后期,配施菌剂处理的叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm)较高,其中,T5(化肥减量40%+菌剂减量40%)处理SPAD为52.856,T3(化肥减量20%+菌剂减量40%)处理Fv/Fm为0.797,而在生长前期则表现为T1(全量化肥)处理较高;菠菜可食部分硝酸盐含量以对照(CK,不施肥)处理最高,为1 009.21 mg.kg-1,添加微生物菌剂处理(T2~T5)都明显少于CK和T1处理;对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收利用率以T2(化肥减量20%+全量菌剂)处理最好;菠菜产量化肥减量处理(T2~T5)较T1处理均增产,T4(化肥减量40%+全量菌剂)处理的增产量最大,平均产量达到277.73 g.盆-1,增加170%;常规化肥(T1)处理的土壤微生物丰富度指数最低,香农-威尔指数(Shannon-Wierner index)为0.398,较CK 0.498有所下降,而施用微生物菌剂的各处理(T2~T5)为0.547~0.983,土壤微生物多样性指数明显提高。微生物菌剂对菠菜起到显著促生作用,以T4处理最好,对提高菠菜土壤微生物多样性方面以T3处理最好。 相似文献
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Nutrients constrain the soil carbon cycle in tropical forests, but we lack knowledge on how these constraints vary within the soil microbial community. Here, we used in situ fertilization in a montane tropical forest and in two lowland tropical forests on contrasting soil types to test the principal hypothesis that there are different nutrient constraints to different groups of microorganisms during the decomposition of cellulose. We also tested the hypotheses that decomposers shift from nitrogen to phosphorus constraints from montane to lowland forests, respectively, and are further constrained by potassium and sodium deficiency in the western Amazon. Cellulose and nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and combined) were added to soils in situ, and microbial growth on cellulose (phospholipid fatty acids and ergosterol) and respiration were measured. Microbial growth on cellulose after single nutrient additions was highest following nitrogen addition for fungi, suggesting nitrogen as the primary limiting nutrient for cellulose decomposition. This was observed at all sites, with no clear shift in nutrient constraints to decomposition between lowland and montane sites. We also observed positive respiration and fungal growth responses to sodium and potassium addition at one of the lowland sites. However, when phosphorus was added, and especially when added in combination with other nutrients, bacterial growth was highest, suggesting that bacteria out-compete fungi for nitrogen where phosphorus is abundant. In summary, nitrogen constrains fungal growth and cellulose decomposition in both lowland and montane tropical forest soils, but additional nutrients may also be of critical importance in determining the balance between fungal and bacterial decomposition of cellulose. 相似文献
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This study identified microbial functional groups like total culturable bacteria, potential N2-fixing free living bacteria, N2-fixing hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, N-assimilating hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, total fungi, actinobacteria, P-solubilizers, lipolytic microorganisms, and starch, cellulose, pectin and protein degrading microorganisms, isolated from the rhizosphere of four species of mangroves (Red, Black, White, and Button) from the natural protected area at the Terminos Lagoon, Campeche, México. Overall, microbial populations showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among the four mangrove species. The rhizosphere of White mangrove showed better chemical and textural soil properties, and harbored the highest microbial populations when compared to the remaining mangrove species. The principal component analysis indicated that two components accounted the 85.3% of the total variation. The most significant textural and chemical soil properties were the major components, CP1 (organic matter and total organic carbon) and CP2 (sand and clay). Microbial populations correlated (P < 0.05, Pearson coefficient) with sand and clay particles, and with some soil chemical properties such as organic matter. The total nitrogen and organic carbon significantly correlated with cellulose degraders, while phosphorus with N2-fixing bacteria, total fungi, and with pectin and starch degraders. 相似文献
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生物肥料多功能芽孢杆菌的筛选及其作用机理研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
本研究旨在筛选出多功能芽孢菌株及其组合,并对其促生机理进行研究。通过平板对峙法、 发酵液拮抗活性的测定、 盆栽试验、 土壤养分测定和植株根域土壤区系分析从9株供试芽孢杆菌中进行多功能菌株的筛选,并通过室内相容性试验,得到功能菌株最佳复配组合。除菌株B02和B08外,其余菌株都具有抑制多种病原真菌和促进植株生长的作用。菌株B04的促生作用较强,在生长30 d和60 d时总干重比对照分别增加了28.4% 和44.6%; 菌株B06的抑病作用较强, 对8种植物病原真菌的R2/R1为0.4~1.8,无菌滤液对8种植物病原真菌的抑制率为66.7%~87.5%; 此外,菌株B01具有活化氮和磷的作用,B03、 B04、 B05和B06具有活化氮和钾的作用,B07具有活化钾的作用,B09具有活化氮、 磷和钾的作用,氮的活化率为8.4%~23.2%,磷的活化率为3.5%~8.4%,钾的活化率为4.2%~26.8%。菌株室内相容性试验结果表明, 最佳复配组合为B04-B06-B07和B01-B04-B07。供试9株芽孢杆菌都具有抑病、 促生、 活化养分和改善微生物区系作用中的一种或一种以上功能。多功能芽孢杆菌的菌群组合研究的理论依据可靠可行,实践依据还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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Mehdi Zarei Nahid Saleh-Rastin Hossien Ali Alikhani Nasser Aliasgharzadeh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1509-1522
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of lentil (Lens culinariscv. ‘Ziba’) to co-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and some indigenous rhizobial strains varying in phosphorus (P)-solubilizing ability in a calcareous soil with high pH and low amounts of available P and nitrogen (N). A factorial experiment with completely randomized block design was conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions. The treatments consisted of (1) three inoculants of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae strains and a mixed rhizobial inoculant with an effective P-solubilizer strain of Mesorhizobium ciceri, (2) two AM fungal species, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices, (3) two P sources, superphosphate and phosphate rock. Four replications were prepared for each treatment and a related control. After the growth period of three months, the dry matter of shoots plus seeds, their P and N contents, and percent of root colonized by AM fungus were measured. The results showed that the effects of AM fungi, rhizobial strains, and P fertilizers were highly significant (p < 0.01) for all the characteristics studied. The rhizobial strain with P-solubilizing ability showed a more beneficial effect on plant growth and nutrient uptake than the strain without this ability, although both strains had similar effectiveness for N2-fixation in symbiosis with lentil. Synergistic relationships were observed between AM fungi and some rhizobial strains that related to the compatible pairing of these two microsymbionts. The P-uptake efficiency was increased when P fertilizers were applied along with AM fungi and/or P-solubilizer rhizobial strains. 相似文献