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1.
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is now a commercial crop for the production of high-quality, hypoallergenic natural rubber latex. Because guayule is relatively resistant to both insect and disease pests, its cultivation requires little chemical input. It has been postulated that guayule's chemical defense system is based on terpene derivatives such as guayulins A and B. The goals of this research were to: (1) describe the distribution of guayulins A and B throughout the plant, (2) determine whether guayulins can be used as a predictor of rubber content/yield (is guayulin content related to rubber content), and (3) determine whether the guayulin content/distribution has been changed through plant breeding.Two plants each of three different lines (11591, AZ-1, and AZ-3) and two ages (1 and 2 years old) were harvested at the soil line in the fall of 2002 and spring of 2003. Plants were separated into eight parts: brown leaves, green leaves, stem tips, stems less than 5 mm in diameter, stems between 5 and 10 mm, stems greater than 10 mm, green stems, and flower parts. Samples were analyzed for guayulins A and B and rubber content.Guayulins A and B and rubber were found in all plant parts, but were most prevalent in stems larger than 10 mm in diameter, and were significantly correlated with each other in these stems. Guayulin A was found in greater concentrations than guayulin B. There were no significant differences between plant ages for rubber, or guayulin content at the time of harvest, or guayulins for harvest season. Rubber percent was higher in spring, which agrees with numerous other investigations.Guayulin A in the stems is correlated with the total rubber in the plant, suggesting it as a potential selection tool. However, rubber in the same plant parts has a higher correlation with total plant rubber and remains a better and easier selection criterion than guayulin A.The extent to which guayulin contents differed between older, relatively unimproved lines and newer improved lines was evaluated. Variety 11591 had a higher concentration of guayulin A than guayulin B, so that the ratio of A to B was much higher than in the two improved lines (AZ-1 and AZ-3). It appears that the ratio of guayulin A to guayulin B has been changed in the two newer selections, but it is unclear whether this will affect pest resistance. 相似文献
2.
T.A. Coffelt F.S. Nakayama D.T. Ray K. Cornish C.M. McMahan C.F. Williams 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,29(1):255-260
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a perennial shrub native to the Chihuahuan Desert. While guayule traditionally has been cultivated for rubber, more recently it is being cultivated for its hypoallergenic latex. Other uses including termite resistant wood products and an energy source have also been identified. However, the effects of various agronomic practices, such as planting and harvesting dates, plant spacing, cutting height and frequency, irrigation frequency, and herbicide application, on latex concentration and yield of newly developed germplasm have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to determine the yield and concentration of latex, rubber, and resin of four guayule lines planted at two populations and two planting dates. Four guayule lines (AZ-1, AZ-3, AZ-5, and 11591) were transplanted at two dates (28 November 2000 and 7 June 2001) and two plant populations (27,000 and 54,000 plants ha?1). Treatments were replicated four times. Each treatment plot was subdivided into six subplots for harvesting at 6-month intervals beginning 1 year after transplanting. Results showed that transplanting date did not affect plant size or latex concentration or yield consistently. Instead, it appeared that the time of harvest (fall vs. spring) was more important. The sixth (last harvest) in the fall planting date and the fifth harvest date in the spring planting date were the optimum for plant biomass and latex, rubber, and resin concentrations and yields. The lines AZ-1 and AZ-3 were larger, whereas AZ-5 had higher latex and rubber concentrations than the control, 11591. The greater plant population (54,000 plants ha?1) had higher biomass, rubber, and resin yields than the lower population (27,000 plants ha?1) at the early harvest dates, but not at the later harvest dates (5 and 6). More studies must to be conducted to determine the optimum plant population and transplanting date for other newly developed guayule germplasm lines. 相似文献
3.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2007,25(2):178-189
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a source of high quality rubber and low-allergenic latex as well as resin for use as a wood preservative. Demand for high value latex products has increased with the advent of deadly diseases such as AIDS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of six improved guayule lines (AZ-1 to AZ-6) in south-east Queensland: released jointly by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and The University of Arizona. Trials were conducted at two sites, Chinchilla and Gatton. Overall performance of improved lines for plant growth and yield of dry matter, rubber and resin was better at both Gatton and Chinchilla than the standard check lines (N 565 and 11591). AZ-1 and AZ-2 maintained the best combinations of desirable traits, including plant uniformity, early vigorous growth, increased dry matter, and increased rubber and resin yields. Of these two, AZ-2 had more uniform plant growth and has commercial potential for Queensland production areas. In the summer harvest at Gatton, 32-month-old AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced rubber yields of 789 kg/ha and 771 kg/ha, respectively, while controls, N 565 and 11591 produced 675 kg/ha and 618 kg/ha, respectively. At Chinchilla, at 33 months, spring harvested AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced rubber yields of 717 kg/ha and 787 kg/ha; these yields were significantly higher than N 565 and 11591 which produced 385 kg/ha and 380 kg/ha, respectively. Thus, rubber yields of AZ-1 and AZ-2 were consistently high across sites. AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced resin yields of 1158 kg/ha and 1115 kg/ha at Gatton and 1318 kg/ha and 1476 kg/ha at Chinchilla. This compared with a mean of 612 kg/ha and 352 kg/ha for the standard check lines at Gatton and Chinchilla. Thus resin yields of AZ-1 and AZ-2 were consistently high across sites. Rubber content appeared to be influenced by time of harvest although this effect is compounded with plant age. At Gatton, in spring, 17-month-old plants produced a mean rubber content of 7.7% (all lines), while, in summer, when the plants were 32-month-olds, rubber content dropped to 6.4%. At Chinchilla, 33-month-old plants harvested in spring produced a mean rubber content of 7.4%, similar to the spring value at Gatton. By contrast, resin content appeared to be little affected by season. 相似文献
4.
Performance of improved guayule lines in Australia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a potential source of commercial natural rubber. Its commercialisation depends mainly on economical plant production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of improved lines in Australia. Seeds from five improved lines (AZ-1, AZ-2, AZ-3, AZ-5 and AZ-6) and two previously developed guayule lines (N 565 and 11591) were obtained from the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Seedlings from these lines were grown in a glasshouse for 3 months and later transplanted in a field experiment in early September 2001. Plant height and width were monitored from transplanting to 62 weeks at regular intervals. After 62 weeks, plant dry matter production, rubber and resin content, and yields were analysed. Plant height and width of the improved lines were higher than N 565 and 11591. Plant dry matter, rubber and resin yields were significantly different among lines. Of the five lines, AZ-1 and AZ-2 produced rubber yields of 620 and 550 kg/ha, respectively and these yields were significantly greater than for N 565 (371 kg/ha) and 11591 (391 kg/ha). AZ-1 and AZ-2 also produced significantly higher resin yields, 727 and 668 kg/ha, respectively, than those for N 565 (436 kg/ha) and 11591 (325 kg/ha). Rubber and resin yield increase of lines, AZ-1 and AZ-2, were in the range of 41–68% and 53–123%, respectively over N 565 and 11591. AZ-1 tended to produce higher rubber and resin yields than AZ-2 but exhibited highly variable plant height (CV=25%) and width (CV=41%) indicating potential for further genetic improvement. AZ-2 offers the best combination of desirable characters including early vigour, uniformity and comparatively higher rubber and resin yields. 相似文献
5.
Guayule has long been known as a potential source of natural rubber. Native guayule populations are scattered throughout 300,000 km2 of rangeland in the Chihuahuan Desert of Texas and Mexico. The only native indigenous U.S. stands occur in the Trans Pecos region of southwest Texas, and represent the most northern extension of the plant's habitat. Maximum air temperatures of over 38 °C are frequent and minimum temperatures of −23 °C have been recorded. Guayule has been successfully cultivated across the arid and semi-arid Southwestern U.S., but new production areas need to be identified in order to meet the expected world-wide shortage of natural rubber by 2020. The objective of our study was to determine if guayule production could be successful farther north on the Southern High Plains near Halfway, TX. Guayule seedlings were transplanted May 18, 2006 at the Texas AgriLife Research Station at Halfway. Seed used included four released lines, AZ-1, AZ-2, AZ-3, and AZ-4; a released USDA cultivar (11591); and three unreleased breeding lines, N9-3, N6-5, and N13-1. Guayule cold damage was estimated in June of 2007 and 2008 using the following index: (1) no damage, (2) slight - injury of terminals to 6 cm, (3) moderate - 2/3 of plant volume injured, (4) severe - all aerial portions killed but resprouting, and (5) complete - beyond recovery with no regrowth. Plant harvests were conducted in April 2008 and March 2009. Following the 2006/2007 winter the cold damage index ranged from 1.2 in 11591 to 3.8 in AZ-1. The minimum air temperature was −15 °C. There was minimal cold damage during the 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 winters. Biomass of the 24 month-old shrubs harvested in 2008 varied from 9639 kg/ha in 11591 to 13,393 kg/ha in AZ-4. Shrub biomass in 2009 ranged from 26,721 kg/ha in 11591 to 32,951 kg/ha in N6-5. Rubber yield in 2008 was 222 and 639 kg/ha in AZ-3 and N6-5, respectively. Line AZ-3 yielded 717 kg/ha of rubber in 2009 while line AZ-4 yielded 2006 kg/ha. The critical factor in winter survival appeared to be the temperature regime that existed in the late fall and early winter: a gradual and progressive onset of low temperatures that allowed the shrubs to be dormant when freezing temperatures occurred. Lines 11591 and N6-5 had the least cold damage and hold promise for establishment and rubber production on the Southern High Plains of Texas. Certain production criteria make this area an ideal guayule production site: the long-term annual rainfall averages 460 mm, irrigation water salinity is less than 1 E.C. and is pumped from only 90 m, and center pivot sprinklers are available for establishing guayule by direct-seeding. 相似文献
6.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2001,13(3):229-238
Plant breeding in guayule, a rubber and latex producing plant, has not been as effective as predicted or desired. A surprisingly large amount of variability has been reported in this apomictic crop for traits such as plant height, width, resin, rubber, and latex contents. This study was designed to calculate the proportion of the total measured variability due to the environment and the proportion due to genetic influences within and between three-released germplasm lines. Plant heights were measured at 1, 2 and 3-years-of-age; plant width, and latex contents at 2 and 3-years-of-age; and resin and rubber content at 2-years-of-age. Broad-sense-heritabilities were estimated for each trait and year by dividing the genotypic by the total variance. To estimate the genetic component of the measured variance for each trait, the environment effects (variance from clonally propagated plants) were subtracted from the total variance (variance from open-pollinated (OP) seed propagated plants). In general, the variances of the means for the measured traits were lower in the clonally propagated plants compared with the apomictic OP seed propagated plants. The heritability estimates calculated for each trait differed from year to year. For instance, heritability for plant height was estimated in line AZ-2 to be 0.84 at 1 year of age; 0.47 at 2 years of age; and 0.0 at 3 years of age. These values imply that a large portion of the observed variation in this line is attributed to genetic effects in the first 2 years of growth. As the plant grows over several seasons, the environment effects compound, masking the genetic effects, making effective selection choices more difficult. Heritability for latex content for the same line was estimated to be 0.97 for the second year and 0.55 for the third year. Selections for the measured traits in this study appear to be most effective during the first and second years of growth, with effectiveness diminishing during the third year. Most selections previous to this study were performed between 3 and 5 years of growth, thus suggesting one reason for the lack of significant progress in most breeding programs. 相似文献
7.
Shishir P.S. Chundawat Linpei ChangChrista Gunawan Venkatesh Balan Colleen McMahanBruce E. Dale 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):486-492
Natural rubber latex extraction from guayule leaves behind greater than 90% (by weight) of agricultural residue as a feedstock suitable for conversion to biofuels via a thermochemical or biochemical route. Untreated guayule shrub and bagasse (after latex extraction) has shown to be very recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, necessitating application of a chemical pretreatment to enhance cellulase accessibility. The objective of this work was to carry out detailed compositional analysis, ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX1) pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation for various guayule-derived biomass fractions. Plant feedstocks tested were derived from two sources; (a) a mature 2007 AZ-2 whole guayule shrub plant obtained from USDA/ARS2 research fields, and (b) the guayule latex-extracted commercial grade bagasse (62505) from Yulex Corporation. Compositional analysis and enzymatic hydrolysis were carried out using standard NREL3 protocols (www.nrel.gov/biomass/analytical_procedures.html). AFEX pretreatment was carried out using concentrated ammonium hydroxide at elevated temperatures for desired residence times in a pressurized reactor. Yeast fermentations on biomass hydrolyzates were carried out micro-aerobically using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (424A strain) in shake flasks.AFEX pretreatment was found to substantially improve overall enzymatic digestibility by 4-20 fold for both untreated guayule shrub and latex-extracted bagasse. Maximum glucan and xylan conversion achieved for the latex-extracted bagasse was 40% and 50%, respectively. The yeast was readily able to ferment both glucose and xylose to ethanol from the guayule bagasse hydrolyzate with or without external nutrient supplementation (i.e., yeast extract and tryptone). Our results highlight the possible utilization of guayule as a feedstock for lignocellulosic refineries co-producing natural rubber latex and biofuels. However, further process improvements (e.g., lignin/resin extraction and cellulose decrystallization using a modified AFEX process) are necessary to increase the effectiveness of ammonia-based pretreatments for further enhancing enzymatic digestibility of guayule-derived hardwood biomass. 相似文献
8.
对同一批次苗木中按砧木大小及其胶乳分泌量选出的4种袋装苗和籽苗芽接苗(袋装苗)定植11年后的产排胶特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,不同砧木橡胶芽接树的干胶产量随季节变化而发生波动,且均出现两个高峰,分别在5月和10月,此时期不同处理间的干胶产量差异较大,而其余月份差异相对较小。月株次产量和小区产量、年株次产量和小区总产量均以多胶小苗和大砧木苗产量较高,其次是籽苗芽接苗,多胶大苗和随机砧木苗最低,但差异均不显著。在p H值、硫醇、无机磷和蔗糖含量4个生理参数中,高产时期不同砧木橡胶芽接树间的蔗糖含量差异最大,其次是硫醇和无机磷,p H值差异最小;在8~10月,多胶小苗的蔗糖含量均极显著或显著高于多胶大苗、大砧木苗和随机砧木苗。相关性分析表明,蔗糖含量与株次产量极显著正相关,总固形物与干含极显著正相关、硫醇与无机磷含量极显著正相关,总固形物和干含均与硫醇和无机磷含量极显著负相关。说明按砧木大小及其胶乳分泌量对同一批次苗木进行分级定植有利于橡胶树产量的提高。 相似文献
9.
《Industrial Crops and Products》1999,9(2):93-100
Direct seeding of guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) in west Texas has been successful. However, studies have involved only USDA and `Mexican Bulk' lines. New selections developed by plant breeders must be screened for their adaptability to direct seeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the standard establishment and production parameters (biomass, rubber and resin content, rubber and resin yield) of six direct seeded guayule selections (AZ-R1, AZ-R2, CAL-6, CAL-7, UC-101, and UC-104). An experiment was initiated on a Delnorte gravelly loam on 23 July 1993 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station near Fort Stockton, TX. Conditioned and raw seed of the six guayule selections were planted 10 mm deep on raised beds spaced 1 m apart. Laboratory seed germination ranged from 34–92%. Seedling density was greatest with conditioned seed (61 seedlings/m) versus raw seed (37 seedlings/m) when averaged across all lines 30 days after planting. Individually, seedling density in plots established by conditioned seed was greatest with CAL-6 (68 seedlings/m), UC-104 (66 seedlings/m), AZ-R1 (65 seedlings/m), UC-101 (64 seedlings/m), and CAL-7 (61 seedlings/m), and were significantly greater than the seedling density in plots established with raw seed. Both conditioned and raw seed produced adequate guayule stands. Nonetheless, conditioning improved germination, and in the field, conditioned seed was observed to germinate and emerge quicker resulting in more efficient irrigation management. The AZ-R1 seedlings were the most vigorous and were tolerant to flea beetles (Epitrix sp.). Plants were thinned to a 0.36 m spacing in April 1994. Six plants from each selection in the conditioned seed treatments were harvested on 23 February 1995 and 6 March 1996. Each plant was divided into branch (clipped 10 cm above the soil surface) and root sections. Biomass and rubber and resin yields were greatest in the branch versus root fractions. Total rubber yield (branches plus roots) at both harvests was greatest in selections AZ-R2 and UC-104. 相似文献
10.
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) stores its rubber primarily within the cells of its bark, which constitutes only 30% of the dry weight of the whole shrub. Debarking guayule soon after harvesting at the crop site would substantially improve the efficiency of latex extraction technology by reducing transport costs to the processing plant and increasing the processing capacity of the latex extraction plant. The objective of this study was to design, fabricate and evaluate an efficient debarking machine for guayule. The bark removal unit consists of a pair of grooved rubber rollers rotating in opposite directions at different speeds, drawing and crushing the cut stems without chipping the core. The clearance between the rollers is adjustable and can handle different stem sizes ranging from 6 to 45 mm. The speed difference between the rollers creates a shearing action, required for peeling the bark. The separation unit consists of a fan attached to metal tubing, a discrimination chamber for grading processed material and a water trough where lighter material is removed by flotation. The debarking system was tested to determine bark removal performance as well as separation of bark from other processed plant material. A debarking efficiency of up to 95% and maximum separation efficiency of 75% were found from the evaluation. The prototype debarking machine produced a throughput capacity of up to 450 kg/h which can be increased by converting it to a full-size field machine. 相似文献
11.
《Industrial Crops and Products》2007,25(1):55-62
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is being developed as a new commercial crop to be grown in arid and semiarid regions. Guayule stands are presently established using transplants; however, establishment by direct-seeding would reduce costs and make production more economical. A major difficulty in field establishment by direct-seeding is the variation in the quality of guayule seeds. Guayule seeds vary greatly in color, size, and weight, which are the attributes believed to be associated with the observed germination differences among and within seed lots. To determine the importance of these attributes, guayule seeds from different seed lots were separated by size (diameter) and color, each separation class was weighed and then seed quality determined by germination percentage and rate. X-ray analysis was used to distinguish filled from unfilled seeds, and this was related to the germination results. In six guayule breeding lines (N565, 11591, AZ-2, AZ-3, AZ-4, and AZ-5), the highest quality seeds were darker (opaque-black and gray), small to medium in diameter (1.4–1.6 mm), and were heavier (a greater proportion of filled seeds). Color appeared to be a more efficient separator for seed quality than seed size; however, separation by size may be acceptable on a large scale and still provide higher quality and more uniform seed lots. 相似文献
12.
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a source of high quality low-allergenic natural rubber. It is a relatively new crop in Australia and optimum plant density for seed production has not been established. The objective of the current experiment was to examine whether seed yield, mass and size are affected by plant population. The effect of plant population on seed yield, mass and size was investigated by planting guayule (AZ-2) at 4444, 8300, 12,500 and 25,000 plants/ha. Data were collected at 16 and 28 months after planting. Seed was harvested manually multiple times over 4 weeks each year following the main flowering period in spring. Harvested seed was threshed and clean seed yield was compared among different plant populations. Seed quality attributes were also compared in terms of 1000-seed mass and seed size. Lowest plant population of 4444 plants/ha provided the highest yield at 28 months but was the lowest yielding at 16 months because the plants had not yet reached full size to compensate for the wider spacing. However, at both ages this treatment produced heavier and larger seeds. The difference in yield or seed mass and size between plant populations ranging from 8300 to 25,000 plants/ha was not significant. Overall results of the study demonstrated that seed yield and seed size, which is important in direct seeding could be affected by plant population. 相似文献
13.
二个巴西橡胶无性系花药体细胞植株胶乳的生理特性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对生长在系比区内的2个巴西橡胶无性系的花药体细胞植株进行了产量和生理特性的初步观察。试验结果表明,海垦2花药体细胞植株的第一割年的产量高于供体无性系45.2％,与胶乳再生和排胶有关的10项生理参数的分析都显示其具有与高产相适应的生理基础。海垦1花药体细胞植株的产量高于供体无性系20.6％,然而此产量主要是通过胶乳严重长流获得的。此植株胶乳蔗糖和干胶含量极低,胶树对乳管供应蔗糖严重不足,因而胶乳再生极端不良。供体无性系原有的干胶含量偏低和胶乳长流等不良性状在其花药体细胞植株中更为明显。 相似文献
14.
本研究以128个开割的魏克汉种质橡胶树无性系为研究对象,测定年均刀次胶乳产量、干胶含量以及胶乳中蔗糖、无机磷、硫醇、总固形物等生理参数,结合2017年底橡胶树胸径围数据进行群体变异和相关性分析。结果表明,蔗糖含量变幅为3.14~35.50 mmol/L,变异系数最大（53.2%）;年均刀次胶乳产量变幅为24.2~475.0 mL,变异系数为51.5%;蔗糖含量与干胶含量和年均刀次胶乳产量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。对年均刀次胶乳产量进行K-均值聚类分析,将128份无性系分为3个类型,第I类约占10%,年均刀次胶乳产量最高（351.0 mL）,胸径围均值最大（59.5 cm）,第4刀胶乳产量最高（196.2 mL）,但蔗糖含量平均值最低（7.83 mmol/L）,其他生理指标差异不显著。 相似文献
15.
以不同排胶特性的巴西橡胶树 PR107 和 CATAS 8-79 无性系的成龄树为材料，研究强割处理对胶乳中橡胶生 物合成相关生理参数和基因表达的影响。结果表明，强割处理的 PR107 和 CATAS 8-79 品系的胶乳中，HblMYC1 基因 表达量均呈现先上升后降低的模式，且在强割第 3~4 刀时达最大值，后期的 HblMYC1 基因表达量低于初始水平。胶乳 干胶含量的变化趋势与 HblMYC1 基因表达量的趋势一致，而排胶时间、胶乳产量和干胶产量这 3 个生理参数也呈现先 上升后降低的趋势，但在强割的第 5~6 刀时达才到最大值，后期恢复到初始水平。对强割处理胶乳中的各项生理参数 及 HblMYC1 基因表达量进行相关性分析，发现 PR107 品系的胶乳产量、干胶含量与干胶产量三者间均呈极显著正相关， 干胶含量与 HblMYC1 基因表达呈极显著正相关；CATAS 8-79 品系的排胶时间与胶乳产量呈极显著正相关，排胶时间、 胶乳产量、干胶含量三者与干胶产量呈极显著正相关。研究结果表明，在强割条件下的胶乳生理参数和 HblMYC1 基因 表达量之间存在相关性，且能够更快速反映出橡胶树品系的橡胶生物合成特性，为利用分子生物学技术指导制定适宜 的橡胶树割胶制度提供理论依据。 相似文献
16.
A set of descriptors for evaluating guayule germplasm 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
17.
18.
采用田间试验,研究4种施氮水平下（不施氮;低氮100 kg/hm2;中氮230 kg/hm2;高氮400 kg/hm2）橡胶树产量效应及胶乳矿质养分变化。结果表明,配施磷钾肥条件下,不同氮处理干胶产量介于4.65~6.37 kg,其中高施氮量显著地提高了干胶产量（P<0.05）。随着施氮量的增加,干胶产量呈增加趋势;干胶含量（30.84%~33.96%）和总固形物含量（34.80%~37.92%）呈下降趋势,但不同处理之间差异不显著;胶乳N（7.77~8.49 g/kg）和K（6.42~7.24 g/kg）含量呈增加趋势,而施用氮肥对胶乳P（3.35~3.51 g/kg）和Mg（1.99~2.23 g/kg）含量影响不大。施氮条件下,胶乳N、P、K含量与干胶产量均具有较好的正相关关系。施氮加大了割胶带走N、K和Mg量,且随着施氮的增加呈增加趋势。综上,施用氮肥有助于提升橡胶树干胶产量,高株产是以养分大量损失为代价。 相似文献
19.
以3个橡胶树引进品种为研究对象,‘热研73397’和‘RRIM600’为对照,测定胶乳产量、干胶含量、排胶初速度及胶乳中蔗糖、无机磷、镁离子和硫醇等生理参数,比较分析不同品种的产排胶特性。结果表明,各测定参数在品种间存在较大差异。‘热试09-5’干胶产量高,蔗糖含量、排胶初速度低于‘热研73397’,干胶含量、硫醇含量、无机磷含量差异不显著,认为该品种产胶潜力大,胶乳稳定性好,排胶快,糖利用率高;‘热试09-6’干胶产量一般,与‘RRIM600’相比,干胶含量、堵塞指数高,排胶初速度和蔗糖含量差异不显著,认为该品种有较好的产胶潜力,但胶乳代谢强度低,可考虑通过刺激提高代谢强度,达到增产;‘热试09-7’干胶产量低,与‘RRIM600’相比,干胶含量高,排胶初速度低,蔗糖含量相当,认为该品种排胶障碍,糖的利用效率低,是否可以通过刺激割胶增加产量还需要进一步的试验验证。 相似文献
20.
低蛋白天然胶乳的制备及其性能研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用脱除天然胶乳（NRL）蛋白质的生物化学方法,采用多变元析因设计安排试验,研究了低蛋白天然胶乳（LPNRL）的稳定体系、酶的用量及制备条件、LPNRL的贮存及应用性能。研究结果表明:（1）2709碱性蛋白酶与稳定体系并用对鲜胶乳的脱蛋白效果较好;（2）所制备的LPNRL的氮含量为0.06％～0.07％,水溶性蛋白质（WSP）含量为1.8μg/g胶膜,达到国际上同类型产品的先进水平;（3）与正常NRL相比,LPNRL的硫化速率稍慢,但其硫化胶乳的贮存性能稳定,成膜性能良好;其干胶膜的物理性能稍低,但差别不大。 相似文献