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为探讨马尾松不同类型林地地上部微生物区系及优势种群及其季节性变化,对三峡库区云阳县马尾松近熟龄天然林、中龄天然林和人工林林地空气、叶面和树皮表面等地上部的可培养细菌和真菌进行了分析。结果表明,空气、叶面和树皮表面的真菌、细菌两大类微生物数量四季变化趋势基本一致,夏季和秋季的数量多于冬季和春季,中龄天然林的两大类微生物数量最大且四季变化亦最大;优势种群的种类和数量随季节和林地类型不同而有所变化。人工林空气中可培养真菌种类秋、冬、春、夏分别有4、3、4、3种,近熟龄天然林和中龄天然林四季中均为3种;优势种群多 相似文献
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紫金山两种主要林型有机物层中丝状真菌多样性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文对紫金山两种主要林型,栓皮栎林(Quercus variabilis)和马尾松-枫香(Pinus massoniana-Liguidam barformasana)混交林的有机物层(L, F, H层及土壤淋溶A层)可培养丝状真菌多样性进行了研究。通过分离鉴定,共得到真菌67种,其中接合菌3种、子囊菌5种、半知菌类56种和未确定种3种,半知菌类最为丰富。两种林型分解真菌优势种群为链格孢(Alternaria sp.)、曲霉(Aspergillus spp.)、枝孢(Cladosporium sp.)、毛霉(Mucor sp.)、青霉(Penicillium sp.)、木霉(Trichoderma spp.)、根霉(Rhizopus sp.)、粘帚霉(Gliocladium sp.)。混交林型中真菌的种类和数量明显高于栓皮栎林。两个林型均以F层真菌种类最多,但F层之间和L层之间真菌多样性差异较大。在混交林型中从马尾松针叶上分离的真菌种类和数量比从枫香上分离得到的少; 从马尾松针叶上分离的真菌丰富度随着有机物层深度增加而增加,枫香则反之。比较两个林型以及混交林的两种落叶上真菌种类发现,随着有机物层深度的增加,真菌的种类差异性却随之减少,即同时出现在两个林型或两种针叶上的真菌种类增多。真菌种类随着分解过程的进行具有明显的演替现象。混交林型中同一层内不同落叶上分解真菌多样性的差异,表明凋落物基质的差异是决定真菌种类和数量的重要因素 相似文献
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从冬季樟子松针叶分离、鉴定出2 4种真菌,其中接合菌1种、子囊菌2种、半知菌2 1种。中冠层的真菌种类最多,其它部位次之。冬季真菌群落与生长季节的种类和分离率有较大差别,优势真菌群落不同,生长季以樟子松枯梢病菌Sphaeropsissapinea为主,而冬季以Truncatella、Coniothrium等为主。 相似文献
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对广西现代林业科技园优良树种展示区的灰木莲8年生(G1)和灰木莲45年生(G2)的0～20cm土层一年四季的微生物数量及土壤酶活性进行分析。结果表明:灰木莲幼林(G1)与成熟林(G2)的林地土壤微生物和土壤酶有明显的差异。微生物总量和细菌数量的季节变化,G1均为夏>冬>秋>春,而G2是秋>冬>夏>春。真菌数量上无论是G1或G2均是秋季最多而冬季最少。放线菌数量的季节变化是,G1:春季>冬季>秋季>夏季,G2:冬季>春季>秋季>夏季。对两种林地不同季节的微生物而言,春秋冬季的细菌>放线菌>真菌,夏季则是细菌>真菌>放线菌。土壤蛋白酶活性表现为:G1,春>夏>秋>冬;G2,秋>春>夏>冬,而G1和G2的过氧化氢酶活性均是冬>夏>秋>春。 相似文献
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《绿色科技》2017,(14)
指出了环境中空气真菌种类与数量是直接影响居民身体健康的重要因素之一,研究雾霾期高校空气真菌组成与分布特征对呼吸系统流行病具有一定指导意义。采用暴皿法和6级Andersen空气采样器对大连开发区雾霾期真菌种类展开了研究,经培养和纯化鉴定出了18属48种真菌,其中曲霉属、青霉属、木霉属、枝孢属、镰孢菌属和拟青霉属为优势属。研究结果表明,居民居住区、沿海区域、体育场、公路区、公园区5个采样点分离真菌数量差异较大,以公园区分离真菌数量最多,但分离真菌种类差异不明显,优势属基本一致;早8:00、中午12:30、晚18:00三个采样时段,以18:00点分离获得的真菌数量最多;雾霾期分离真菌种类和日收集菌落数分别为空气质量良好时期1.63倍和2.82倍。 相似文献
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本文报道了中国长白山北坡不同垂直分布带中各类乔灌木茎叶上的小形病原真菌(包括少量腐生性真菌)的种类、数量、分布、类群组成及其与生态环境之间的关系。自1980—1984年,共获得真菌标本2500余号,鉴定的真菌种类213种,归属于3个亚门,6个纲,13个目,23个科,97个属。其中已报道的新属1个,新种7个。尚有许多国内新记录种有待陆续发表。研究结果表明,随着不同垂直分布带各种生态因子及其植物群落的改变,各类树木小形真菌的种类、分布和组成有明显的差异。 相似文献
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黄土高原几种乔灌木根区土壤微生物区系研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
采用化学分析、微生物平皿培养及放线菌形态鉴定法，研究了黄土高原安塞试区5种乔灌木根区0－20cm及20－40cm土层17个土样的土壤性质及微生物的数量与组成。结果表明：①黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡地人工林与无林裸地土壤中仍然生存着数量较多的细菌、放线菌及真菌，其中各类群的数量排序为：细菌＞放线菌＞真菌；②不同树种根区土壤中细菌、放线菌及真菌数量不同，土壤微生物的数量按灌木林＞乔木林排序；③在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡地人工林及无林裸地土壤的放线菌组成中，链霉菌属（Streptomyces)占绝对优势，其次为小单孢菌（Micromonospora)和诺卡氏菌（Nocardia)。灌木林根区放线菌数量与种类均多于乔木；④黄土高原“沙刺人工林－微生物－土壤”生态系统微生物数量大，种类较多，生物活性强，对土壤物质转化及肥力提高有明显作用，在恢复黄土高原植被时应作为先锋树种。 相似文献
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陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区大型真菌区系特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对陕西省牛背梁国家级自然保护区大型真菌的调查和研究,结果表明:本保护区共有真菌165种,隶属2门4纲10目35科79属,其中以担子菌门层菌纲真菌的种类数量最多,为144种,占保护区大型真菌总种数的87.3%;共有优势科9个含47属111种,分别占保护区大型真菌总科数的26.5%、总属数的59.5%,总种数的67.3%;本区大型真菌主要集中分布在海拔2 300m以下的区域,共有159种,占保护区大型真菌总种数的96.4%,大型真菌的种类、种群密度以及数量随着海拔升高而递减。从大型真菌在不同植被类型内分布看,大型真菌以分布于阔叶林带的种类较多,达126种,占调查总种数的76.4%,其次为灌丛林和针叶林。 相似文献
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选取107杨、108杨和毛白杨3种杨树人工林,采用分子生物学鉴定方法对人工林中叶面、皮部和土壤中可培养的微生物的数量变化和优势种群动态变化进行分析。结果表明:细菌的数量在107杨与108杨、107杨与毛白杨之间的差异均显著,而在108杨与毛白杨之间的差异不显著;叶面、皮部和土壤的细菌数量差异均显著,107杨夏季和秋季的细菌数量占有优势地位,毛白杨冬季和春季的细菌数量占有优势地位;107杨秋季的细菌数量最高,108杨和毛白杨的较低,季节变化直接影响着细菌数量的变化,是细菌区系变化的主要影响因素;细菌的优势种群以假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌等为主;真菌的数量在107杨与108杨、107杨与毛白杨之间的差异均显著,而在108杨与毛白杨之间的差异不显著,这与细菌的变化规律相似;秋季真菌的数量与其他3季相比差异显著;季节的变化对叶面真菌数量的影响相对较大,而对皮部真菌数量的变化影响相对较小;季节变化对土壤中真菌数量的变化有显著影响,但在春季和秋季差异不大;真菌的优势种群以杨盘二孢菌和棘壳孢等为主,其中棘壳孢在杨树人工林的叶面、皮部和土壤中均占有较高比例,是杨树人工林中真菌的主要类群。 相似文献
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Falling needles collected from under individual 70-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees for about four years were checked for fungal fruitbodies. The most common fungi were Lophodermium piceae and Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii. Maximum frequencies of fruitbodies occurred in late autumn for L. piceae (ca. 80% of the needles), in summer for R. kalkhoffii (ca. 60%) and in winter for the third most common fungus, Tiarosporella parca (ca. 10%). The frequencies of needles with fruiting fungi varied greatly within and between years. This is the first report of T. parca from Sweden. 相似文献
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Atmospheric pollution has increased worldwide during the last decades affecting forest ecosystems. Thermal power plants give off high levels of contaminants, which can damage forest health. Bioindicators can be helpful tools used for evaluating environment changes by giving an accurate measure of the extent of pollution. The focus of this study was to analyse fungal mycoflora in Pinus sylvestris stands near a thermal power plant and the possible correlation between the presence of the fungi and the air quality as measured by lichens and mosses. Fungi associated with pine needles were selected as subjects of this study because of their phytopathological importance and association with the pine trees' decline. Samples for this study were selected from eight plots in close proximity to a thermal power station in northern Spain. Symptoms of decline were previously observed in all the plots before sampling was performed. Lichens were used as bioindicators of environmental quality in two ways, first using the Index of Atmospheric Purity and second through categorization of lichen species based on their sensitivity. In addition, botanical quality was measured regarding the presence or absence of mosses. With two seasonal samplings (autumn and spring) and the use of four types of pine needle plant material (green needles, dried needles, half–green, half‐dried needles and fallen needles), both endophytes and epiphytes present in the needles were isolated and observed. Thirty fungal species in total were identified of the 1095 isolates obtained. Furthermore, significant differences in fungal isolates were observed between seasons and among the different plant material. Results showed that both environmental air quality and botanical quality were negatively correlated with the relative isolation frequency of fungi. The higher number of isolates was attributed to a possible infection produced by fungi, which could be a leading factor in the trees' decline. 相似文献
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巨桉人工林生态系统根际与根外可培养土壤微生物数量季节变化研究表明,根际与根外细菌和放线菌季节变化规律基本一致,都表现为秋季显著高于冬季,而真菌数量季节之间差异不显著;巨桉人工林土壤微生物具有明显的根际效应(R/S值为1.40),各季节根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量显著高于根外;巨桉人工林根际土壤好气性细菌、真菌数量显著高于毗邻青冈次生林,根际土壤有效养分指标大多显著或极显著高于青冈次生林;根际土壤微生物与根际土壤养分之间存在密切的关系,根际土壤有机质、水解N、速效P与根际土壤微生物数量都呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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The mountain pine beetle (MPB), the most serious pest of lodgepole pine in mountainous western Canada, spread northeastward into lodgepole × jack pine hybrids in the boreal forest of Alberta in 2006. The MPB vectors three species of blue‐stain fungi, which contribute to the success of the beetles. These fungi were isolated from MPB larvae and galleries in several lodgepole × jack pine stands in the Grande Prairie region of northwestern Alberta in autumn 2006 and winter and spring 2007. Fungi were recovered from more than 95% of gallery systems. The three fungi were similarly prevalent but Ophiostoma montium was the most frequently isolated fungus at each sampling point, isolated from 72% to 90% of gallery systems compared with 63% to 78% for Grosmannia clavigera, and 61% to 86% for Leptographium longiclavatum. Ophiostoma montium and G. clavigera were isolated from more larvae than gallery samples, with the opposite true for L. longiclavatum. Most gallery systems contained multiple fungi with three fungi per gallery system being more common in autumn and winter and two fungi more common in the spring. The combination of G. clavigera and L. longiclavatum was less common among gallery systems with two fungi than either of the pairwise combinations containing O. montium. Fungal prevalence was the same above and below snow level. The prevalence of the three fungi did not differ significantly among stands sampled in the spring but stands with more G. clavigera tended to have less L. longiclavatum. The winter of 2006–2007 was colder than average throughout Alberta with temperatures below ?30°C in November, January and February, and all three fungi were present after the cold winter while most larvae had died, suggesting that overwintering mortality of the fungi will not limit persistence and spread of MPB in the boreal forest. 相似文献
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Hakimeh Ziaie Juybari Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary Heshmatollah Rahimian Kaivan Karimi Mahdi Arzanlou 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
A total of 4,009 endophytic fungal isolates were recovered from healthy leaves, bark and xylem of Citrus sinensis in different seasons and age‐classes. Corresponding to those factors, the majorities of fungal isolates were recovered from leaves, 2‐yr‐old trees and winter, respectively. Fungal isolates were initially categorized based on cultural and morphological characters, and representatives of each morphotype were subjected to molecular identifications based on ITS‐rDNA and β‐tubulin sequences. All isolates obtained in this study belonged to the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota assigned to 30 fungal taxa. The most abundant fungal species were Alternaria spp. Species diversity indices of Margalef richness and Shannon–Wiener revealed a high diversity of fungal taxa recovered from leaf and during winter. Frequency (%) of fungal endophytes was highest in winter followed by summer, autumn, and spring significantly, whereas the corresponding sequence was winter, autumn, summer and spring for the diversity of endophytic fungi. Overall, the results of this study based on the community and diversity of endophytic fungal species in C. sinensis showed that the type of plant tissue, season of sampling and age of tree play a driving role on their abundance while their diversity was mainly dependent on the type of plant tissue, season of sampling than on the age of tree. 相似文献
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以生长于黑龙江大兴安岭9~10年生健康的偃松林为对象,研究了其林木干栖真菌种类的组成状况。经取样分离培养,从偃松的树干上分离培养出干栖真菌29属(种)。偃松的冬季干栖真菌的优势种为Trichoderma、Penicillium、Penicillium cyclopium,而春季干栖真菌的优势种为Trichoderma、Penicillium、Gliocladium。偃松春季和冬季干栖真菌种类真菌种类的变化不大,其优势菌种亦没有太大变化。从偃松树干基部的木质部分离培养出的冬季干栖真菌种类较春季干栖真菌略少,而皮部则相反,相差悬殊。偃松中部、梢部的冬季干栖真菌种类比春季的干栖真菌种类丰富。 相似文献
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Winter desiccation is believed to contribute to stress in coniferous trees growing at the treeline because cuticular conductance increases with altitude. To test whether winter desiccation occurs in high-altitude conifers of the Dolomites (NE Italian Alps), we measured minimum cuticular conductance (g(min)), needle wettability (contact angle) and cuticle thickness in Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus cembra L. needles from December to August. Samples were collected from adult trees along an altitudinal gradient from valley bottom (1050 m a.s.l.) to the treeline (2170 m a.s.l.). The treeline site is one of the highest in the area and is characterized by a generally low wind exposure. Altitude had no effect on g(min) in either species. In P. abies, large seasonal variations in g(min) were recorded but no changes were related to needle age class. Pinus cembra had a low g(min) and appeared to be efficient in reducing needle water losses. There was a significant increase in g(min) with needle aging in P. cembra growing at low altitude that could be related to a shorter needle longevity compared with P. abies. High contact angles (> 110-120 ) suggested the presence of tubular epicuticular waxes on needles of both species. Contact angles were higher (low wettability) in high-altitude needles than in low-altitude needles. By the end of winter, there was no difference in contact angles between needles in the windward and leeward positions. Wax structures transformed toward planar shapes as demonstrated by the decrease in contact angle from winter to summer. In both species, the cuticle was thicker in needles of high-altitude trees than in needles of low-altitude trees and there was no correlation between g(min) and cuticle thickness. Because desiccation resistance did not decrease with altitude in either species, we conclude that they are not susceptible to winter desiccation at the tree line. 相似文献