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1.
穗颈瘟是水稻的主要病害之一,大发生时可引起水稻的大幅减产。近年来水稻灌浆期间天气十分利于其发病,加上长期使用三环唑,虽用药频繁,但防治效果却不理想,因此有必要筛选出更高效的杀菌剂。本文收集了几种新药剂及新结构化合物,以期可以筛选出比现在常用杀菌剂三环唑有更好效果的农药新品种。结果表明:对叶瘟防效最好的为27%三环己唑醇SC,达74.76%;其次为常规对照药剂75%三环唑WP(64.53%)和35%氟唑嘧菌酯SC(64.41%),病指防效超过60%的还有32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC(62.51%)和40%富士一号EC(61.95%);最差的是20%稻瘟酰胺SC,仅为28.5%。对穗颈瘟防效最好的是25%烯肟菌胺三环唑SC,防效达100%;其次为25%吡唑醚菌酯SC(99.25%)和75%三环唑WP+43%戊唑醇WP(98.11%);防效在90%以上的还有10%嘧菌酯SC(95.85%)、9%吡唑醚菌酯SC(94.72%)、20%稻瘟酰胺SC(93.96%)、32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC(92.45%)、75%肟菌酯戊唑醇WG(92.08%)、27%三环己唑醇SC(91.7%)和40%富士一号EC(90.57%);防效最差的是常规对照药剂75%三环唑WP,为72.08%。 相似文献
2.
通过对48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇、32%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇、10%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇等几种杀菌剂对小麦赤霉病的防效进行比较,结果表明:32%丙硫菌唑·戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的防效最好,而且小麦色泽金黄,颖枯很少;而生物制剂木霉菌和10%吡唑醚菌酯·戊唑醇对小麦赤霉病的防效差。10%井冈霉素对氰烯菌酯与戊唑醇的复配配方有一定增效作用,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 40 mL/667 m~2的防效略好于25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2复配的防效,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m~2的防效明显好于25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2复配的防效。另外,常规使用的配方40%多菌灵SC 130 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20 mL/667 m~2和25%氰烯菌酯SC 100 mL/667 m~2+43%戊唑醇SC 20mL/667 m~2之间防效差异不大。 相似文献
3.
水稻穗颈瘟是农业生产上的重要病害,为筛选出高效低毒的化学药剂,采用田间小区试验使用不同杀菌剂单剂和混合剂进行药效比较。结果表明:单剂9%吡唑醚菌酯微囊悬浮剂对水稻穗颈瘟的防治效果最高,为80.8%;75%三环唑可湿性粉剂和1%申嗪霉素悬浮剂次之,分别达到76.9%和76.7%。混剂中申嗪霉素225 ml/hm~2+吡唑醚菌酯487.5 ml/hm~2对水稻穗颈瘟的防效最高,为86.1%,显著高于三环唑352.5 g/hm~2的防效(80.4%)。申嗪霉素225 ml/hm~2+吡唑醚菌酯487.5 ml/hm~2对水稻穗颈瘟具有较好的防治效果。 相似文献
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为探明稻-虾共作模式下水稻病虫害防治的适宜药剂,开展稻田常用农药对中华小长臂虾（Palaemonetes sinensis）的急性毒性测定。按照国家标准《GB/T 31270.21-2014化学农药环境安全评价试验准则第21部分：大型甲壳类生物毒性试验》方法进行。辽宁省稻田常用23种农药中,10%醚菊酯SC、60%吡蚜酮WG等2种农药,为高风险农药;50%噻嗪酮SC、5%阿维菌素EC、24%甲氧虫酰肼SC、10%溴氰虫酰胺OD、50%噻呋酰胺WG、30%稻瘟灵EC、50%嘧菌酯WG、9%吡唑醚菌酯CS以及70%戊唑醇WG等9种农药,为中风险农药;30%噻虫胺SC、30%噻虫嗪SC、20%氯虫苯甲酰胺SC、10%四氯虫酰胺SC、20%烯啶虫胺WP、8000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌SC、100亿孢子/g金龟子绿僵菌WP、35%三环唑SC、20%春雷霉素WG、2.4%井冈霉素AS、40%稻瘟酰胺SC和40%己唑醇SC等12种农药,为低风险农药。稻-虾生产田间推荐应用低风险农药防治水稻病虫害。 相似文献
5.
在前哨农场主要病害调查的基础上,提出在水稻9～9.5叶期,75%戊唑醇·肟菌酯水分散粒剂20 g/667 m~2,用以防治水稻叶瘟;在水稻孕穗期和齐穗期,选用30%稻瘟酰胺·戊唑醇(稻安醇)悬浮剂40 ml/667 m~2+3%多抗霉素100 ml/667 m~2+2%春雷霉素100 ml/667 m~2混配的防治技术,与当地水稻种植户防病技术相比较,结果表明:此项技术对叶瘟的防效高达89.5%,并且可以在水稻生育后期有效控制穗颈瘟、纹枯病、鞘腐病和褐变粒的发生;在产量方面,与常规防治方法相比增产5.35%,说明此项病害防治措施可以有效降低水稻主要病害的发生,同时提高水稻产量,值得大面积应用和推广。 相似文献
6.
不同药剂处理对小麦赤霉病药效和保绿防衰效果试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
受耕作制度调整等因素影响,江苏省盐城市盐都区小麦赤霉病的流行频率上升,且赤霉病菌对多菌灵及其复配剂抗性增强。目前生产上防治小麦赤霉病的药剂品种较多,防效差异大。本研究对市场上常用的8大类杀菌剂及其复配剂防治赤霉病的药效和保绿防衰效果进行试验,结果表明:在单剂中,用三唑类80%戊唑醇WP 22.5 g/667 m~2、三唑硫酮类25%丙硫菌唑SC 50mL/667 m~2的防效在70%以上;在复配剂中,48%氰烯菌酯·戊唑醇SC 60 mL/667 m~2、15%氯啶·戊唑醇SC 100 mL/667 m~2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇WDG 20 g/667 m~2、28%烯肟·多菌灵WP 100 g/667 m~2、15%丙硫·戊唑醇SC 120 mL/667 m~2这5个处理的防效在70%以上,同时三唑类杀菌剂戊唑醇及其复配剂、三唑硫酮类杀菌剂丙硫菌唑表现出良好的保绿防衰效果,绿叶指数在80%以上,可延长小麦剑叶绿色时间2 d左右,千粒质量增加,增产效果明显。 相似文献
7.
9种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的田间防治试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文比较了9种杀菌剂对小麦白粉病的田间防治效果。结果表明:30%醚菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2、22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40m L/667 m2和42.8%氟吡菌酰胺·肟菌酯SC 15 m L/667 m2药后15 d对小麦白粉病的防治效果均较好,同时30%醚菌酯SC40 m L/667 m2和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2对白粉病的持效期也较长;其次为17.2%吡唑醚菌酯·氟环唑SC 50 m L/667 m2,药后15 d防效也达到88.29%。研究发现生产上常用的20%三唑酮EC 50 m L/667 m2对小麦白粉病的防治效果并不理想,药后15 d防效仅为49.44%,药后30 d下降至34.89%。推荐将30%醚菌酯SC 40 m L/667 m2和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC 40m L/667 m2作为三唑酮的替代药剂或与其他药剂合理轮换使用。 相似文献
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9.
为筛选防治水稻稻曲病的高效药剂,同时验证在孕穗末期—破口初期施药对稻曲病的防效,2019—2020年连续2年开展了不同药剂防治水稻稻曲病田间试验。结果表明:19%啶氧·丙环唑SC 70 mL/667 m2、125 g/L氟环唑SC 50 mL/667 m2、40%咪铜·氟环唑SC 30 mL/667 m2、25%噻呋·嘧菌酯SC 40 mL/667 m2平均病指防效分别为89.95%、89.85%、87.05%、85.60%,体现了较高防效;75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 15 g/667 m2,平均病指防效为81.30%,也有较高防效;而36%丙环·咪鲜胺SC 50 mL/667 m2平均病指防效仅为78.20%,防效稍差。前5种药剂可结合稻瘟病防治,在水稻孕穗末期—破口初期使用,能有效控制水稻稻曲病为害。 相似文献
10.
田间试验结果表明,“丙环·嘧菌酯+天然螯合硼钙”组合对水稻后期综合性病害有较好的控制作用及增产效果。在水稻分蘖末期、孕穗中期每667 m2连续使用19%丙环·嘧菌酯SE 50 mL+天然螯合硼钙50 mL后,对稻瘟病、稻曲病的防治效果分别高达95.1%和97.8%,极显著优于施用75%肟菌·戊唑醇WG 10 g和32.5%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC 30 mL的处理,且安全性好、增产效果明显。“丙环·嘧菌酯+天然螯合硼钙”组合在当前水稻生产上有较好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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Mycosphaerella, one of the largest genera of ascomycetes, encompasses several thousand species and has anamorphs residing in more than 30 form genera. Although previous phylogenetic studies based on the ITS rDNA locus supported the monophyly of the genus, DNA sequence data derived from the LSU gene distinguish several clades and families in what has hitherto been considered to represent the Mycosphaerellaceae. Several important leaf spotting and extremotolerant species need to be disposed to the genus Teratosphaeria, for which a new family, the Teratosphaeriaceae, is introduced. Other distinct clades represent the Schizothyriaceae, Davidiellaceae, Capnodiaceae, and the Mycosphaerellaceae. Within the two major clades, namely Teratosphaeriaceae and Mycosphaerellaceae, most anamorph genera are polyphyletic, and new anamorph concepts need to be derived to cope with dual nomenclature within the Mycosphaerella complex.Taxonomic novelties: Batcheloromyces eucalypti (Alcorn) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov., Catenulostroma abietis (Butin & Pehl) Crous& U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma chromoblastomycosum Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., Catenulostroma elginense (Joanne E. Taylor& Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma excentricum (B. Sutton & Ganap.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma germanicum Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., Catenulostroma macowanii (Sacc.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma microsporum (Joanne E. Taylor & Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Catenulostroma protearum (Crous & M.E. Palm) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Penidiella Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov., Penidiella columbiana Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., Penidiella cubensis (R.F. Castañeda) U. Braun, Crous& R.F. Castañeda, comb. nov., Penidiella nectandrae Crous, U. Braun & R.F. Castañeda, nom. nov., Penidiella rigidophora Crous, R.F. Castañeda & U. Braun, sp. nov., Penidiella strumelloidea (Milko & Dunaev) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Penidiella venezuelensis Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., Readeriella blakelyi (Crous & Summerell) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella brunneotingens Crous & Summerell, sp. nov., Readeriella considenianae (Crous & Summerell) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella destructans (M.J. Wingf. & Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella dimorpha (Crous& Carnegie) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella epicoccoides (Cooke & Massee) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella gauchensis (M.-N. Cortinas, Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella molleriana (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella nubilosa (Ganap. & Corbin) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella pulcherrima (Gadgil & M. Dick) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella stellenboschiana (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella toledana (Crous & Bills) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Readeriella zuluensis (M.J. Wingf., Crous & T.A. Cout.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria africana (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria alistairii (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria associata (Crous & Carnegie) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria bellula (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria cryptica (Cooke) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria dentritica (Crous & Summerell) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria excentrica (Crous& Carnegie) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria fimbriata (Crous & Summerell) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria flexuosa (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria gamsii (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria jonkershoekensis (P.S. van Wyk, Marasas & Knox-Dav.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria maxii (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria mexicana (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria molleriana (Thüm.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria nubilosa (Cooke) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria ohnowa (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria parkiiaffinis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria parva (R.F. Park& Keane) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria perpendicularis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria pluritubularis (Crous & Mansilla) Crous& U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria pseudafricana (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria pseudocryptica (Crous) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria pseudosuberosa (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria quasicercospora (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria readeriellophora (Crous & Mansilla) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria secundaria (Crous & Alfenas) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria stramenticola (Crous & Alfenas) Crous& U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria suberosa (Crous, F.A. Ferreira, Alfenas & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria suttonii (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeria toledana (Crous & Bills) Crous& U. Braun, comb. nov., Teratosphaeriaceae Crous & U. Braun, fam. nov. 相似文献
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The genus Cladosporium is restricted to dematiaceous hyphomycetes with a coronate scar type, and Davidiella teleomorphs. In the present study numerous cladosporium-like taxa are treated, and allocated to different genera based on their morphology and DNA phylogeny derived from the LSU nrRNA gene. Several species are introduced in new genera such as Hyalodendriella, Ochrocladosporium, Rachicladosporium, Rhizocladosporium, Toxicocladosporium and Verrucocladosporium. A further new taxon is described in Devriesia (Teratosphaeriaceae). Furthermore, Cladosporium castellanii, the etiological agent of tinea nigra in humans, is confirmed as synonym of Stenella araguata, while the type species of Stenella is shown to be linked to the Teratosphaeriaceae (Capnodiales), and not the Mycosphaerellaceae as formerly presumed.Taxonomic novelties: Devriesia americana Crous & Dugan, sp. nov., Hyalodendriella Crous, gen. nov., Hyalodendriella betulae Crous sp. nov., Ochrocladosporium Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov., Ochrocladosporium elatum (Harz) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Ochrocladosporium frigidarii Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., Rachicladosporium Crous, U. Braun & Hill, gen. nov., Rachicladosporium luculiae Crous, U. Braun & Hill, sp. nov., Rhizocladosporium Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov., Rhizocladosporium argillaceum (Minoura) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov., Toxicocladosporium Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov., Toxicocladosporium irritans Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., Verrucocladosporium K. Schub., Aptroot & Crous, gen. nov., Verrucocladosporium dirinae K. Schub., Aptroot & Crous, sp. nov. 相似文献
14.
Although morphologically similar, species of Cladophialophora (Herpotrichiellaceae) were shown to be phylogenetically distinct from Pseudocladosporium (Venturiaceae), which was revealed to be synonymous with the older genus, Fusicladium. Other than being associated with human disorders, species of Cladophialophora were found to also be phytopathogenic, or to occur as saprobes on organic material, or in water, fruit juices, or sports drinks, along with species of Exophiala. Caproventuria and Metacoleroa were confirmed to be synonyms of Venturia, which has Fusicladium (= Pseudocladosporium) anamorphs. Apiosporina, based on A. collinsii, clustered basal to the Venturia clade, and appears to represent a further synonym. Several species with a pseudocladosporium-like morphology in vitro represent a sister clade to the Venturia clade, and are unrelated to Polyscytalum. These taxa are newly described in Fusicladium, which is morphologically close to Anungitea, a heterogeneous genus with unknown phylogenetic affinity. In contrast to the Herpotrichiellaceae, which were shown to produce numerous synanamorphs in culture, species of the Venturiaceae were morphologically and phylogenetically more uniform. Several new species and new combinations were introduced in Cladophialophora, Cyphellophora (Herpotrichiellaceae), Exophiala, Fusicladium, Venturia (Venturiaceae), and Cylindrosympodium (incertae sedis).Taxonomic novelties: Cladophialophora australiensis Crous& A.D. Hocking, sp. nov., Cladophialophora chaetospira (Grove) Crous & Arzanlou, comb. nov., Cladophialophora hostae Crous, U. Braun & H.D. Shin, sp. nov., Cladophialophora humicola Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., Cladophialophora potulentorum Crous & A.D. Hocking, sp. nov., Cladophialophora scillae (Deighton) Crous, U. Braun & K. Schub., comb. nov., Cladophialophora sylvestris Crous& de Hoog, sp. nov., Cylindrosympodium lauri Crous & R.F. Castañeda, sp. nov., Cyphellophora hylomeconis Crous, de Hoog& H.D. Shin, sp. nov., Exophiala eucalyptorum Crous, sp. nov., Fusicladium africanum Crous, sp. nov., Fusicladium amoenum (R.F. Castañeda & Dugan) Crous, K. Schub. & U. Braun, comb. nov., Fusicladium brevicatenatum (U. Braun & Feiler) Crous, U. Braun & K. Schub., comb. nov., Fusicladium fagi Crous & de Hoog, sp. nov., Fusicladium intermedium (Crous & W.B. Kendr.) Crous, comb. nov., Fusicladium matsushimae (U. Braun & C.F. Hill) Crous, U. Braun & K. Schub., comb. nov., Fusicladium pini Crous& de Hoog, sp. nov., Fusicladium ramoconidii Crous & de Hoog, sp. nov., Fusicladium rhodense Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., Venturia hystrioides (Dugan, R.G. Roberts & Hanlin) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov. 相似文献
15.
J. Horváth 《American Journal of Potato Research》1972,49(9):339-341
Lycopersicon glandulosum Muller,L., hirsutum Hum. et Bonpl.,L. humboldtii Dun.,L. peruvianum L. Mill.,L. pimpinellifolium Jusl. Mill.,L. pyriforme Dun.,L. racemiflorum Dun.,L. racemigerum Lange andL. esculentum Mill. cv. Red Cherry were mechanically inoculated with four strains of potato virus S (PVS), but onlyL. glandulosum, L. hirsutum, andL. peruvianum were susceptible. The inoculated plants were all sumptomless. The presence of PVS was demonstrated withChenopodium album L. and by serological tests. PVS was not transmitted through seeds of infectedLycopersicon plants. 相似文献
16.
During the past decade, Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Heteroptera: Miridae) has become a key pest of cotton in northern China, due to widespread planting of Bt cotton and an associated drop in the use of broad-spectrum insecticides. Because of a lack of management alternatives, A. lucorum outbreaks are presently exclusively controlled with insecticides. In this study, we determined A. lucorum overwintering locations and host plants during the 2006–2009 winter seasons. A total of 126 plant species were screened and nymphal emergence of A. lucorum was monitored over time. Eggs of A. lucorum successfully overwintered in cotton field soils and on 86 plant species, including weeds, fruit trees, pastures and agricultural crops. More specifically, Vitis vinifera L., Ricinus communis L., Momordica charantia L., Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant., Artemisia annua L., Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC., Isatis indigotica Fort., Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit., Vigna radiate (L.) Wilczek, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et, Ocimum basilicum L., Onobrychi viciifolia Scop., Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd., Malus domestica Borkh. and Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss proved optimal overwintering hosts of A. lucorum. Based upon plant species occurrence and distribution in Chinese cotton-growing regions, several weeds and fruit trees, such as V. vinifera, Z. jujuba, P. bretschneideri and M. domestica can be termed key overwintering hosts of A. lucorum. Our findings can form the basis for future formulation of targeted management actions to lower A. lucorum overwintering populations in cotton-growing landscapes of northern China. 相似文献
17.
The Cladosporium herbarum complex comprises five species for which Davidiella teleomorphs are known. Cladosporium herbarum s. str. (D. tassiana), C. macrocarpum (D. macrocarpa) and C. bruhnei (D. allicina) are distinguishable by having conidia of different width, and by teleomorph characters. Davidiella variabile is introduced as teleomorph of C. variabile, a homothallic species occurring on Spinacia, and D. macrospora is known to be the teleomorph of C. iridis on Iris spp. The C. herbarum complex combines low molecular distance with a high degree of clonal or inbreeding diversity. Entities differ from each other by multilocus sequence data and by phenetic differences, and thus can be interpreted to represent individual taxa. Isolates of the C. herbarum complex that were formerly associated with opportunistic human infections, cluster with C. bruhnei. Several species are newly described from hypersaline water, namely C. ramotenellum, C. tenellum, C. subinflatum, and C. herbaroides. Cladosporium pseudiridis collected from Iris sp. in New Zealand, is also a member of this species complex and shown to be distinct from C. iridis that occurs on this host elsewhere in the world. A further new species from New Zealand is C. sinuosum on Fuchsia excorticata. Cladosporium antarcticum is newly described from a lichen, Caloplaca regalis, collected in Antarctica, and C. subtilissimum from grape berries in the U.S.A., while the new combination C. ossifragi, the oldest valid name of the Cladosporium known from Narthecium in Europe, is proposed. Standard protocols and media are herewith proposed to facilitate future morphological examination of Cladosporium spp. in culture, and neotypes or epitypes are proposed for all species treated.Taxonomic novelties: Cladosporium antarcticum K. Schub., Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., C. herbaroides K. Schub., Zalar, Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., C. ossifragi (Rostr.) U. Braun & K. Schub., comb. nov., C. pseudiridis K. Schub., C.F. Hill, Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., C. ramotenellum K. Schub., Zalar, Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., C. sinuosum K. Schub., C.F. Hill, Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., C. subinflatum K. Schub., Zalar, Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., C. subtilissimum K. Schub., Dugan, Crous& U. Braun, sp. nov., C. tenellum K. Schub., Zalar, Crous & U. Braun sp. nov., Davidiella macrocarpa Crous, K. Schub. & U. Braun, sp. nov., D. variabile Crous, K. Schub. & U. Braun, sp. nov. 相似文献
18.
Species of Eucalyptus are widely planted as exotics in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere and to some extent in southern Europe, for timber and fibre production. Species of Mycosphaerella are commonly associated with leaves and twigs of Eucalyptus and can result in defoliation, dieback, and even tree death. In the present study, numerous isolates of Mycosphaerella species were collected from leaf litter, living leaves exhibiting leaf spot symptoms or severe Mycosphaerella leaf blotch symptoms. Isolates were compared based on DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 & ITS2) and the 5.8S gene. These data, together with characteristics of the fungal growth on three different media, morphology of the anamorph and teleomorph structures as well as ascospore germination patterns were used to describe 21 new species.Taxonomic novelties: Colletogloeopsis stellenboschiana Crous sp. nov., Mycosphaerella davisoniellae Crous sp. nov. (anamorph Davisoniella eucalypti H.J. Swart), Mycosphaerella eucalyptorum Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. Mycosphaerella gamsii Crous sp. nov., Mycosphaerella perpendicularis Crous& M.J. Wingf. sp. nov., Mycosphaerella pluritubularis Crous & J.P. Mansilla sp. nov., Mycosphaerella pseudafricana Crous & T. Coutinho sp. nov., Mycosphaerella pseudocryptica Crous sp. nov. (anamorph Colletogloeopsis sp.), Mycosphaerella pseudoendophytica Crous & G. Hunter sp. nov. (anamorph Pseudocercosporella sp.), Mycosphaerella pseudosuberosa Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. (anamorph Trimmatostroma sp.), Mycosphaerella quasicercospora Crous & T. Coutinho sp. nov., Mycosphaerella scytalidii Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. (anamorph Stenella sp., synanamorph, Scytalidium-like.), Mycosphaerella secundaria Crous & A.C. Alfenas sp. nov., Mycosphaerella stramenti Crous & A.C. Alfenas sp. nov., Mycosphaerella stramenticola Crous & A.C. Alfenas sp. nov., Mycosphaerella sumatrensis Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov., Mycosphaerella verrucosiafricana Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov., Septoria eucalyptorum Crous sp. nov., Septoria provencialis Crous sp. nov., Stenella pseudoparkii Crous & M.J. Wingf. sp. nov. (teleomorph Mycosphaerella sp.), Stenella xenoparkii Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov. (teleomorph Mycosphaerella sp.). 相似文献
20.
The Capnodiales incorporates plant and human pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes. Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals. The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the Capnodiales, and resolve families within the order. We designed primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the Capnodiaceae (sooty moulds), and the Davidiellaceae, which contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates families of major plant pathological importance such as the Mycosphaerellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae. The Piedraiaceae was not supported, but resolves in the Teratosphaeriaceae. The Dissoconiaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Dissoconium and Ramichloridium. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive state.Taxonomic novelties: Brunneosphaerella Crous, gen. nov., B. jonkershoekensis (Marinc., M.J. Wingf. & Crous) Crous, comb. nov., B. protearum (Syd. & P. Syd.) Crous, comb. nov., Devriesia hilliana Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov., D. lagerstroemiae Crous & M.J. Wingf., sp. nov., D. strelitziicola Arzanlou & Crous, sp. nov., Dissoconiaceae Crous & de Hoog, fam. nov., Hortaea thailandica Crous & K.D. Hyde, sp. nov., Passalora ageratinae Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov., P. armatae Crous & A.R. Wood, sp. nov., Rachicladosporium cboliae Crous, sp. nov. 相似文献