共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以异源四倍体体细胞杂种为父本与二倍体杂交创造柑橘三倍体的研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
2001～2002连续两年, 以沙田柚、本地早橘、中秋橘、HB柚、国庆4号温州蜜柑等二倍体品种为母本, 以NS (橘柚+无酸甜橙) 、NH (橘柚+ HB柚) 、SH (无酸甜橙+ HB柚) 、VM (伏令夏橙+橘橙) 、HD (甜橙+丹西橘) 等优良四倍体体细胞杂种的花粉授粉, 通过胚挽救技术获得再生植株。经细胞流式仪和染色体计数观察表明, 两年从10个授粉组合中共获得244株三倍体和10株四倍体。在这些三倍体中有147株来自沙田柚为母本的组合。目前已有172株三倍体和4株四倍体植株移栽成活。这些材料为进一步选育无核三倍体品种奠定了基础。 相似文献
2.
三倍体葡萄柚实生后代多倍体的发掘与SSR遗传鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】从三倍体葡萄柚自然授粉的实生后代中发掘多倍体,希望获得一批多倍体新种质,并为探索三倍体遗传规律奠定基础。【方法】秋季采摘三倍体葡萄柚成熟果实,剥取种子,MT+1 mg·L-1GA3培养基播种,待种子萌发后,用流式细胞仪快速检测其倍性,并采用SSR(simple sequence repeat)分子标记鉴定其不同倍性后代植株的来源。【结果】获得了二倍体、三倍体、四倍体、五倍体、六倍体和疑似非整倍体等不同倍性的再生植株各172、52、7、1、1、18株。用13对多态性SSR引物鉴定其来源,结果表明,由二倍体可能三倍体母本所产生的1X配子与周边其他二倍体品种的花粉授粉而来,也可能由三倍体母本产生的重组型2X配子的无融合生殖而来;三倍体大部分由珠心细胞发育而来;四倍体为杂交起源的四倍体;五倍体和六倍体与母本(三倍体葡萄柚)的带型完全相同。【结论】上述活体材料的发掘为柑橘多倍体育种奠定了种质基础。 相似文献
3.
大白菜-花椰菜异源多倍体的形态、细胞及分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用形态学、解剖学、细胞学及分子标记的方法对大白菜与花椰菜的异源四倍体和异源三倍体进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,异源多倍体在植株叶片、花器官和气孔等性状上较其二倍体双亲均表现出巨大性,而气孔密度和结实率则降低,其中异源四倍体比异源三倍体表现更明显。SRAP 分子标记分析表明,异源多倍体中包含了双亲的遗传信息,是双亲间真杂种。细胞学观察显示,异源四倍体的染色体数为2n = 4x = 38,异源三倍体的染色体数为2n = 3x = 29。异源多倍体的获得及鉴定为进一步创制大白菜新种质提供了材料。 相似文献
4.
【目的】三倍体植物由于减数分离紊乱，难以形成可育的雌雄配子，属于天然的不育类型，配置以2x×4x多个杂交组合，旨在创制柑橘三倍体种质，丰富柑橘无核材料。【方法】以单胚性二倍体品种东试早柚为母本与四倍体柑橘材料ZP（纸皮，四倍体甜橙）、PT（四倍体葡萄柚）、NH（四倍体，诺瓦橘柚+HB柚体细胞杂种）为父本进行倍性杂交，授粉后85 d和100 d采摘幼果并对未成熟种子实施幼胚离体挽救培养，获得再生植株后用流式细胞仪和InDel标记对其倍性及遗传来源进行鉴定。【结果】从3个倍性杂交组合的168株再生植株中，通过倍性检测获得三倍体幼苗128株且均为双亲杂交后代，其中东试早柚×ZP共计60株、东试早柚×PT共计60株、东试早柚×NH共计8株。【结论】通过倍性杂交高效创制三倍体柑橘新种质，为柑橘早熟无核育种及相关基础研究提供了珍贵的育种材料。 相似文献
5.
2009-2012年,以柑橘8个多胚性二倍体品种为母本与近年始花的5个异源四倍体体细胞杂种和1个同源四倍体分别杂交,培育三倍体新种质。连续4年共配置15个杂交组合,授粉4 442朵花,坐果1 484个,平均坐果率33.4%;用于幼胚挽救的果实1 075个,共培养幼嫩种子12 578颗,经生芽、生根诱导获得再生植株2 832个;以流式细胞仪对所有再生植株倍性检测,15个组合共获得三倍体401个,四倍体121个;移栽成活三倍体349个,四倍体98个。对W. 默科特 × NH组合89个株系的三倍体的SSR分子鉴定表明,所有三倍体后代均为双亲的有性杂种。 相似文献
6.
用两对SSR 引物TAA1 和TAA3 对以二倍体沙田柚为母本,体细胞杂种NS（Nova 橘柚 + Succari 甜橙）为父本,通过有性杂交和胚挽救获得的79 株三倍体后代群体的带型和分离情况进行了分析。结果发现TAA1 引物和TAA3 引物在后代群体中分别扩增出5 种带型和4 种带型,子代带型分别符合4︰1︰1︰5︰1 和2︰2︰1︰1 的分离比例,与根据孟德尔遗传规律推导的双二倍体的分离比例相吻合,初步表明柑橘异源四倍体体细胞杂种减数分裂行为类似于双二倍体。 相似文献
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基于柑橘多胚性品种存在珠心细胞自然加倍的特点，建立了基于种子催芽、生长室实生播种、幼苗“观根辨叶看油胞”形态初选和流式细胞仪倍性鉴定的发掘柑橘四倍体的快速方法。采用该方法，分别从无酸甜橙、红江橙、贡柑、年橘、新会柑、滑皮金柑的432、506、1 356、1 870、2 749和685株实生苗中，发掘出疑似四倍体5、6、5、17、45、7株；通过倍性检测，从上述6个品种分别获得四倍体4、5、5、14、39、5株，形态初选准确率分别为80.0%、83.3%、100.0%、82.4%、86.7%和71.4%。与之前的四倍体发掘方法相比，本方法四倍体初选准确率高，并且从种子播种到获得四倍体植株耗时不超过40 d。SSR分子鉴定表明，所鉴定的四倍体均来自其二倍体品种珠心细胞自然加倍形成的双二倍体，为柑橘三倍体无核育种提供了珍贵的四倍体亲本资源。 相似文献
8.
《园艺学报》2021,(4)
柑橘染色体倍性操作技术研究与应用取得了较大进展:1.三倍体、四倍体报道较多,已有三倍体、四倍体新品种发布;2.部分四倍体作为砧木在控制树形、抗病、抗逆等方面有较好的表现;3.单倍体、双单倍体用于柑橘基因组研究获得重大进展。但柑橘倍性操作仍面临一些难点:1.童期长和珠心胚干扰影响多倍体新品种培育进度;2.单倍体和双单倍体获得依然较难;3.部分优质材料的育性低,以其多倍体为亲本的杂交育种受到限制。针对童期较长的问题,有必要应用缩短童期技术,或利用短童期资源对童期长的材料进行改良。针对珠心胚干扰的影响,应开发更多的单胚性四倍体材料,还可结合胚抢救、分子标记鉴定等方法提高多胚性四倍体为亲本创制三倍体的效率。关于将来柑橘倍性操作与育种研究的建议:1.提高2n配子的产生频率,以开发更多的多倍体类型,尤其是单胚性品种多倍体创制;2.发挥多倍体作为砧木的优势,促进砧木育种发展;3.继续诱导和利用柑橘单倍体、双单倍体,以利于柑橘基因组、功能基因研究和育种;4.以异源多倍体创制技术为基础,结合染色体操作技术培育仅带少量近缘物种基因组成分且具有目标性状的新种质。 相似文献
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10.
《果树学报》2021,(5)
【目的】从衢州香橙(Citrus junos ‘Quzhou xiangcheng’)二倍体实生后代中发掘多倍体,希望获得一批四倍体新种质。【方法】秋季采摘衢州香橙果实,剥取种子并播种,种子萌发后,根据多倍体特征进行形态初选,筛选疑似四倍体植株,并用流式细胞仪和根尖染色体压片法对疑似四倍体植株进行倍性鉴定,最后对鉴定的四倍体和二倍体植株的形态、气孔和叶片解剖结构等特性进行评价。【结果】从衢州香橙400株实生群体中初步筛选出疑似四倍体植株13株,经流式细胞仪和根尖染色体压片法最终鉴定获得衢州香橙四倍体3株,筛选成功率为23.08%,群体四倍体自然发生率为0.75%。与二倍体衢州香橙相比,四倍体植株生长缓慢,矮化明显,主根粗、侧根少,叶片浓绿,叶较宽,气孔增大。四倍体的叶形指数、油腺点密度、气孔密度和叶片组织疏松度均显著小于二倍体,而叶片总厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比和叶片组织紧密度均显著大于二倍体。【结论】首次鉴定获得了衢州香橙的四倍体植株,并评价了其形态及解剖特性,为柑橘多倍体育种及相关基础研究奠定了种质基础。 相似文献
11.
为了解柑橘体细胞杂种的核质遗传组成,采用流式细胞仪(FCM)、简单序列重复(SSR)、相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)以及酶切扩增多态性序列(CAPS)对此前通过对称融合获得的2株种间体细胞杂种进行了分析。结果表明,在丹西红橘+红江橙种间组合中,分析的2株植株中1株为二倍体非对称体细胞杂种,其核DNA具有双亲的部分DNA,并有重组发生,胞质DNA则来源于红江橙(叶肉亲本);而另1株则是异源四倍体体细胞杂种,其核DNA来源于双亲,并有重组发生,胞质DNA则来源于红江橙。 相似文献
12.
The fruit yield of the sexually self-incompatible citrus ‘Ortanique’ can be successfully increased, firstly by the introduction of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees for the purpose of cross-pollination, and secondly, by girdling. ‘Valencia’ cross-pollination results in fairly low seed counts in the ‘Ortanique’ fruits, the averages in two successive seasons being 3 and 5 seeds. ‘Minneola tangelo’ is a highly effective pollen source, but induces large numbers of seeds per fruit. The pollen from ‘Tomango’ and ‘Shamouti’ sweet orange is ineffective. 相似文献
13.
《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,107(1):51-57
Interploid crosses of diploid Kinnow mandarin, Succari sweet orange and Sweet lime with tetraploid Kinnow were made reciprocally for the production of triploid plants. Low fruit set and occurrence of underdeveloped or empty seeds was common in all interploid crosses. The hybrid fruits harvested after 12–14 weeks or 7 months after pollination produced many underdeveloped and few developed seeds; however, tetraploid Kinnow as seed parent yielded more developed seeds per fruit. The under developed seeds were devoid of endosperm. Nucellar embryony was higher in the diploid than in the tetraploid strain of Kinnow. Immature embryos of seeds harvested 12–14 weeks after pollination were cultured in vitro on MS media supplemented with adenine sulphate (20 mg l−1) and malt extract (500 mg l−1). Maximum germination (75%) of hybrid embryos from underdeveloped seeds was obtained in 4× × 2× cross of Kinnow strains. The germinated plantlets were transferred into pots and noted 59–89.3% survival rate in various crosses. 相似文献
14.
苹果三倍体后代培养及倍性鉴定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以自然授粉的三倍体苹果品种乔纳金的种子为材料,研究了培养方式对苹果三倍体实生后代获得的影响及实生后代的倍性水平。结果表明,离体培养与常规播种在乔纳金种子成苗率上存在明显差异,其中离体培养的成苗率是48.1%,常规播种的成苗率是20.9%,离体培养获得的植株是常规播种获得的植株的2倍以上。本研究获得的690个乔纳金实生后代中以非整倍体植株占多数,共获得非整倍体452株,占植株总数的65.5%。在后代中有13个为多倍体,其中离体培养获得7株三倍体和4株四倍体,而常规播种只获得2株三倍体,表明离体培养可以获得较多的多倍体资源。乔纳金实生后代中不同倍性植株在形态上差异显著,根据植株形态和叶形指数,可以容易地将多倍体(三倍体、四倍体)植株与二倍体植株和非整倍体植株区分开来。 相似文献
15.
A. A. Habashy Testa Mosconi R Caccia A Mazzucato E Santangelo G. P. Soressi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):322-328
SummaryTo breed fruitful triploid tomatoes, diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) plants were regenerated from hypocotyl explants, using two pairs of near-isogenic lines differing respectively for the parthenocarpic fruit and parthenocarpic fruit-2 mutations. From 626 regenerated shoots, 53 were tetraploid. In the 4x plants, the mean number of fruits was lower than in the 2x class for all the genotypes, but in the two parthenocarpic lines it was higher than in the respective wild-types at the same ploidy level. Compared with 2x, the mean weight of 4x fruits was lower in wild-type and higher in parthenocarpic lines. Out of four cross combinations between tetraploid and diploid plants (within two parthenocarpic and two corresponding wild-type lines), only two yielded seeds (the parthenocarpic fruit line and its near-isogenic wild-type). Triploids were vegetatively propagated and evaluated in a field trial. Whereas wild-type triploids were completely sterile, the 3x parthenocarpic fruit plants had a fruit set that was not statistically different from that observed in 2x individuals. Mean fruit weight in 3x parthenocarpic plants was also higher than in 2x and comparable with 4x plants. Yield estimates in such triploids were not statistically different from those recorded in diploids, both wild-type and parthenocarpic. Triploid fruits had a soluble solids value higher than 2x fruits. The total seedlessness and the increased dry-matter content appeared traits peculiar to triploid parthenocarpic fruits. Therefore, triploids may deserve interest in breeding fresh market and processing tomatoes, providing that their commercial multiplication is ensured by micropropagation. 相似文献
16.
Fenfen Yan Lihu Wang Xingjuan Zheng Zhi Luo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(1):123-129
‘Chenguang’ is the first released tetraploid cultivar (2n = 4x = 48) of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) induced by colchicine. The purpose of this study was to create triploid germplasms by using ‘Chenguang’ as a parent. The controlled crosses between autotetraploid ‘Chenguang’ and diploid ‘Dongzao’ were carried out from 2013 to 2015 by maintaining the 2 parents in a nylon net and employing bees as pollinator. A total of 606 fruits were produced, yet only 17 seeds were obtained from ‘Dongzao’ and none from ‘Chenguang’. Direct sowing of the seeds in greenhouse showed a higher seedling rate than embryo culture. Four progeny plants were eventually obtained in the greenhouse and all of them were confirmed as authentic hybrids by SSR marker technique. At last, 3 triploids and 1 diploid were identified by flow cytometric analysis. Consequently, tetraploid ‘Chenguang’ with high pollen vitality and pollen number per anther could be used as a reliable 2n pollen provider, and the 2x × 4x cross combination type is more suitable for triploid creation in Chinese jujube. This is the first successful production of triploid hybrids by controlled cross between diploids and tetraploids in jujube. 相似文献