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1.
喹烯酮及其主要代谢物在猪体内的药动学研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
本试验旨在研究喹烯酮及其主要代谢物在猪体内的药物代谢动力学过程。将喹烯酮按40 mg/kg的剂量对7头猪进行灌胃给药,采用HPLC-MS/MS法测定血浆中喹烯酮及其主要代谢物的浓度,药代动力学软件WinNonlin 5.2处理血浆中药物浓度－时间数据。灌胃给药后猪血浆中能检测到原药和N1-脱氧喹烯酮、脱二氧喹烯酮及3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸(MQCA)3种代谢物。喹烯酮的浓度－时间数据符合一级吸收一室开放模型,其主要药代动力学参数为:T1/2Ka＝(0.97±0.08)h,T1/2λz＝(2.79±0.16)h,CL＝(26.03±0.65)L/h·kg,Cmax＝(0.26±0.01)μg/mL,Tmax＝(2.23±0.06)h,AUC＝(1.54±0.04)h·μg/mL;采用统计矩法处理N1-脱氧喹烯酮和脱二氧喹烯酮的浓度－时间数据,N1-脱氧喹烯酮主要药代动力学参数为:Tmax＝(6.33±1.37)h,Cmax＝(8.81±2.08) ng/mL,T1/2λz＝(3.03±1.27)h,AUC＝(0.07±0.01)h·ng/mL,MRT＝(6.58±0.40)h;脱二氧喹烯酮的主要药动学参数:Tmax＝(10.29±0.29)h,Cmax＝(6.20±1.11)ng/mL,T1/2λz＝(5.84±2.78)h,AUC＝(0.15±0.01)h·ng/mL,MRT＝(3.64±0.72)h。同时,在少数时间点检测到代谢物MQCA。猪口服喹烯酮后,吸收较快,消除较慢。血浆中检测到N1-脱氧喹烯酮、脱二氧喹烯酮及3-甲基喹噁啉-2-羧酸3种代谢物,且浓度较低、消除缓慢。  相似文献   

2.
为研究六氢β-酸月桂酸酯在鸡体内的药动学,本试验选用12只健康鸡,随机分为2组,分别单剂量40mg/kg体重灌胃给药和1 mg/kg体重静脉注射给药。在给药前后不同时间点从前腔静脉采集血样,分离血浆,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的浓度。用Winnonlin 5.2.1的非房室模型处理血浆药物浓度-时间数据。单剂量口服六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:Cmax(0.04±0.01)μg/m L,tmax(1.00±0.15)h,T1/2(2.35±0.17)h,AUC(0.13±0.01)μg·h/m L,V(1024.1±98.4)L/kg,CLB(302.2±7.6)L/h·kg,MRT(3.55±0.27)h;单剂量静脉注射六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:C0(1.25±0.17)μg/m L,T1/2(1.10±0.25)h,AUC(0.82±0.14)μg·h/m L,V(1.93±0.13)L/kg,CLB(1.25±0.21)L/h·kg,MRT(1.27±0.31)h。结果表明:灌胃六氢β-酸月桂酸酯与静脉注射六氢β-酸月桂酸酯相比,鸡灌胃给药的生物利用度为0.4%,灌胃给药后吸收极少,静脉注射血药浓度较高,消除半衰期均较短。  相似文献   

3.
为研究海南霉素钠预混剂在鸡体内的药代动力学特征和生物利用度,将16只健康AA鸡随机分成2组,每组8只,采用平行试验设计对两组鸡分别进行单剂量口服给药和静脉注射给药药动学研究,给药量均为1.5 mg/kg bw(相当于7.5 mg/kg混饲给药)。按预定时间点采集血样,血样中海南霉素的含量采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)测定,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(90:10,V/V)。实测血药浓度-时间数据使用Winnonlin 5.2药动学分析软件拟合药动学参数。鸡口服给药的药动学参数如下:平均消除半衰期为(T_(1/2β))约为30.44 h,平均滞留时间(MRT)约为36.40 h,在血浆中的达峰时间(T_(max))约为0.5 h,达峰浓度(C_(max))约为68.87 ng/mL,平均药时曲线下面积(AUC)约为654.95 ng·h/mL,平均生物利用度(F)约为32.82%。鸡静脉注射给药的药动学参数如下:平均消除半衰期约为(T_(1/2β))为46.40 h,平均滞留时间(MRT)约为30.91 h,平均血浆清除率(CL)约为1.59 L/(kg·h),平均表观分布容积(V_d)约为116.05 L/kg。结果表明海南霉素进入鸡体后分布广泛,消除缓慢,半衰期长;口服海南霉素钠预混剂吸收迅速,但吸收不完全。  相似文献   

4.
文中进行了六氢β-酸月桂酸酯在鸡体内的药动学研究。将12只健康鸡随机分为2组,分别单剂量每千克体重40 mg/kg灌胃给药和1 mg/kg静注给药。在给药前后不同时间点从前腔静脉采集血样,分离血浆,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的浓度。用Winnon-lin5.2.1的非房室模型处理血浆药物浓度-时间数据。单剂量口服六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:Cmax(0.04±0.01)μg/ml,Tmax(1.00±0.15)h,T1/2(2.35±0.17)h,AUC(0.13±0.01)(h·μg)/ml,V(1 024.1±98.4)L/kg,CLB(302.2±7.6)L/(kg·h),MRT(3.55±0.27)h;单剂量静注六氢β-酸月桂酸酯的主要药动学参数:C0(1.25±0.17)μg/ml,T1/2(1.10±0.25)h,AUC(0.82±0.14)(h·μg)/ml,V(1.93±0.13)L/kg,CLB(1.25±0.21)L/(kg·h),MRT(1.27±0.31)h。结果表明:灌胃六氢β-酸月桂酸酯[40mg/(kg·bw)]与静脉注射六氢β-酸月桂酸酯[1 mg/(kg·bw)]相比,鸡灌胃给药的生物利用度为0.4%,灌胃给药后吸收极少,静注浓度较高,消除半衰期均较短。  相似文献   

5.
为探讨菊苣酸在大鼠体内静脉注射和口服给药后的吸收和排泄特性,试验采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法测定菊苣酸在血浆及尿液中的浓度。研究显示,此方法的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于10.9%,准确度大于88.2%,提取回收率在71.1%～109.4%,标准曲线在10.0～50 000.0 ng/mL的浓度范围其线性相关系数均大于0.996,最低定量限(LOQ)在血浆和尿样中分别为10.0 ng/mL和100.0 ng/mL。稳定性研究中表明,菊苣酸在10℃中存放24 h和在-20℃条件下储存7 d,其保留值均大于94.4%。同时,通过此测定方法研究了大鼠分别静脉注射及口服菊苣酸10 mg/(kg·bw)和20 mg/(kg·bw)后其体内药物动力学参数。结果显示:经静脉及口服给药后,菊苣酸在大鼠体内平均消除半衰期(t_(1/2))分别为293.6 min和327.5 min,其绝对生物利用度较低,仅为2.0%。静脉注射给药24 h后,尿液中菊苣酸原型排泄总量为15.3%。  相似文献   

6.
甲砜霉素在感染多杀性巴氏杆菌鸡体内的药物动力学   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
30只健康杂交肉鸡随机分成3组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别进行健康鸡静脉注射、健康和巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的药动学研究。静注和口服的给药剂量按体质量分别为15mg/kg和30mg/kg。以反相HPLC测定血浆中甲砜霉素的质量浓度,药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药动学程序软件处理。健康鸡单剂量静注给药后,血药浓度-时间数据符合无吸收二室开放模型,其主要动力学参数分别为:V(c)为(0.58±0.09)L/kg,t1/2α(0.11±0.03)h,t1/2β(0.95±0.18)h,AUC为(11.99±0.90)mg/(L.h),CL(s)为(1.26±0.10)L/(kg.h)。健康鸡和巴氏杆菌感染鸡单剂量口服给药血药浓度-时间数据均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。健康鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.04±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.16±0.08)h,t1/2ke(1.64±0.22)h,T(peak)(0.57±0.18)h,C(max)(6.34±0.56)mg/L,AUC为(19.02±1.48)mg/(L.h),F为79.32%。巴氏杆菌感染鸡口服给药的主要动力学参数分别为:Lagtime(0.07±0.02)h,t1/2ka(0.54±0.26)h,t1/2ke(1.74±0.27)h,T(peak)(1.31±0.39)h,C(max)(5.28±0.73)mg/L,AUC为(21.75±1.03)mg/(L.h),F90.70%。与健康鸡相比,甲砜霉素在感染鸡的t1/2(ka)、T(peak)和Lag-time显著延长(P0.05或P0.01),且比健康鸡具有更高的生物利用度。但甲砜霉素在巴氏杆菌感染鸡体内的消除速度未受影响。  相似文献   

7.
喹烯酮在猪体内的代谢物研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  
对5只猪按30 mg/kg单剂量口服给药,进行喹烯酮在猪体内侧链结构断开的代谢物研究。依据本试验建立的HPLC方法进行尿液代谢物含量测定。结果表明,喹烯酮以3-甲基-2-羧酸喹口恶啉的形式从尿中排出。  相似文献   

8.
40日龄岭南三黄肉鸡30只,随机分为2组,分别进行了静注和口服三聚氰胺(20 mg/kg)的药动学研究。用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中三聚氰胺的浓度,WinNonlin计算机程序软件处理静注和口服的血浆药物浓度-时间数据。健康鸡静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型,主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2α(1.95±0.34)h;t1/2β(9.71±4.28)h;Vc(1.54±0.11)L/kg;Vd(area)(4.10±0.33)L/kg;ClB(0.42±0.08)L.kg-1.h;AUC(49.28±9.97)mg.L-1.h。健康鸡内服三聚氰胺的药时数据适合一级吸收二室开放模型,主要药动学参数为:t1/2α(1.98±0.24)h;t1/2β(12.05±5.66)h;tmax(2.05±0.74)h;Cm ax(5.87±0.94)mg/L;AUC(40.76±6.33)mg.L-1.h。三聚氰胺在健康鸡体内的主要药动学特征为,口服吸收较完全,分布广泛,消除缓慢。  相似文献   

9.
将40日龄肉鸡12只,随机分为2组,分别进行了静脉注射、肌肉注射恩诺沙星(10mg/kg)进行药动学研究。血浆样品经甲醇沉淀血浆蛋白,高速离心,用反相高效液相色谱法测定鸡血浆中恩诺沙星的浓度,3P97计算机程序处理静注及肌注的血浆药物浓度-时间数据。健康鸡静注给药的药时数据适合二室开放模型,主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2α (0.45±0.56) h;t1/2β (7.02±1.42) h;C LB (0.38±0.10) L/(kg·h);A U C (23.69±5.56) (mg·h)/L。健康鸡肌注给药的药时数据适合一级吸收二室模型,主要药物动力学参数为:t1/2α (0.60±0.00) h;t1/2β (8.25±1.73) h;tmax (2.44±0.17)h;Cmax (1.44±0.30) m g/L;A U C(20.74±3.80) (mg·h)/L;F为87.54%。恩诺沙星在健康鸡体内的吸收迅速,达到峰值时间短,消除缓慢。  相似文献   

10.
猪血液中14C标记喹烯酮的测定及药代动力学研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
用喹烯酮 14 C标记法测定猪血液中喹烯酮的浓度并对喹烯酮静脉单次给药后在猪体内的药代动力学进行了分析。猪 6头 ,单剂量0 .4 0 6 5 mg·kg-1(比活度 2 4 .6 μci· mg-1)静注给药 ,于不同的时间采集血样。消化液(HCl O4:H2 O2 =1:1.2 5 )消化完全一定量血样后 ,以液体闪烁谱仪计数法进行含量测定。喹烯酮线性范围为 0 .0 10～ 3.170 μg· g-1(r=0 .9980 ) ,最低检测量为 1.1ng,最低检测浓度为 0 .0 11μg· g-1,平均方法回收率 (10 2 .75±5 .2 6 ) % ,精密度考察喹烯酮日内、日间相对标准偏差小于 6 %。喹烯酮以原药的形式代谢排泄 ,静注给药符合二室开放模型 :t1/ 2α=0 .1899h,t1/ 2β=4 .5 5 2 8h,Kel=0 .86 5 4h-1,AUC=0 .0 0 92 5 mg· h-1· L-1。结果表明 :喹烯酮静注给药后 ,其在体内分布快而广 ,消除相对也较快。本方法专一性强 ,快速 ,准确。其药代动力学研究结果为喹烯酮饲料添加及残留研究提供了理论依据  相似文献   

11.
Pharmacokinetics of rhizoma Curcumae oil-pure drug (RCO-PD) and its β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (RCO-βCD) were studied in a randomized two-way crossover design following a single oral administration of the two formulations. Germacrone concentrations in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detector. The concentrations vs. time data were analyzed by a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic method. The result showed that germacrone in both groups was rapidly absorbed followed by a slow elimination. The main parameters in RCO-PD group were as follows: t(1/2λz) 6.63±1.08 h, C(max) 2.50±0.34 μg/mL, MRT 7.19±0.93 h, and AUC(0-∞) 13.92±2.75 mg/L·h, while in RCO-βCD group, t(1/2λz) 6.77 ± 0.67 h, C(max) 2.98±0.24 μg/mL, MRT 8.87±0.76 h, and AUC(0-∞) 21.60 ± 1.95 mg/L·h, respectively. The above results indicated that C(max), T(max), AUC(0-t), AUC(0-∞), and MRT in RCO-βCD group were significantly different from RCO-PD group, and the relative bioavailability of RCO-βCD group is significantly higher while compared to RCO-PD group (F=156%, with its 90% confidence interval of 145-169%).  相似文献   

12.
Ceftiofur, a third generation cephalosporin, demonstrates in vitro efficacy against microorganisms isolated from septicemic neonatal foals. This pharmacokinetic study evaluated the intravenous and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur sodium (5 mg/kg body weight; n = 6 per group) and subcutaneous administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (6.6 mg/kg body weight; n = 6) in healthy foals. Plasma ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolite concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography following drug administration. Mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for i.v. and s.c. ceftiofur sodium were: AUC(0→∝) (86.4 ± 8.5 and 91 ± 22 h·μg/mL for i.v. and s.c., respectively), terminal elimination half-life (5.82 ± 1.00 and 5.55 ± 0.81 h for i.v. and s.c., respectively), C(max(obs)) (13 ± 1.9 μg/mL s.c.), T(max(obs)) (0.75 ± 0.4 h for s.c.). Mean (± SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters for s.c. ceftiofur crystalline free acid were: AUC(0→∝) (139.53 ± 22.63 h·μg/mL), terminal elimination half-life (39.7 ± 14.7), C(max(obs)) (2.52 ± 0.35 μg/mL) and t(max(obs)) (11.33 ± 1.63 h). No adverse effects attributed to drug administration were observed in any foal. Ceftiofur- and desfuroylceftiofur-related metabolites reached sufficient plasma concentrations to effectively treat common bacterial pathogens isolated from septicemic foals.  相似文献   

13.
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of A77 1726 and leflunomide after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration were evaluated in adult cats. Three treatments were administered: a single i.v. dose of A77 1726 (4 mg/kg), a single oral dose of leflunomide (4 mg/kg), and multiple oral doses of leflunomide (2 mg/kg). Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values after a single i.v. dose of A77 1726 were distribution (A) and elimination (B) intercepts (15.2 μg/mL and 34.5 μg/mL, respectively), distribution and elimination half-lives (1.5 and 71.8 h, respectively), area under the curve (AUC(0 → ∞); 3723 μg*h/mL), mean residence time (MRT; 93 h), clearance (Cl(obs); 1.1 mL/kg/h), and volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss); 97 mL/kg). Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values after a single oral dose of leflunomide were absorption and elimination rate constants (0.3 1/h and 0.01 1/h, respectively), absorption and elimination half-lives (2.3 and 59.1 h, respectively), AUC(0 → ∞) (3966 μg*h/mL), and maximum observed plasma concentration (C(max); 38 μg/mL). The bioavailability after a single oral dose of leflunomide was 100%. The mean ± SD A77 1726 concentration that inhibited 50% lymphocytes (EC(50) ) was 16 ± 13.5 μg/mL. The mean ± SD maximum A77 1726 concentration (EC(max)) was 61.0 ± 23.9 μg/mL.  相似文献   

14.
The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin (EF) was investigated after single intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) in 300 healthy allogynogenetic silver crucian carp at 24-26°C. The plasma concentrations of EF and its metabolite ciprofloxacin (CF) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. After i.v. administration, the plasma concentration-time data were described by an open two-compartment model. The elimination half-life (T(1/2β)), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and total body clearance of EF were 63.5 h, 239.6 μg·h/mL and 0.04 L/h/kg, respectively. Following p.o. administration, the plasma concentration-time data showed a double peak-shaped curve, indicating the possibility of enterohepatic recirculation of EF in allogynogenetic silver crucian carp. The maximum plasma concentration (C(max)), T(1/2β) and AUC of EF were 4.5 μg/mL, 62.7 h and 205.9 μg·h/mL, respectively. Absorption of EF was very good with a bioavailability (F) of 86%, which could be correlated with the unique structure of the alimentary canal in allogynogenetic silver crucian. CF, an active metabolite of EF, was not detected in this study.  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在探讨加丽素红中角黄素在鸡体内的药代动力学特征.选取19周龄的海兰蛋鸡12只,单次灌胃口服加丽素红9.6 mg/kg BW,在72 h内不同时间段分10次采集静脉血,用高效液相色谱法测定鸡血清中角黄素的质量浓度,并利用3P97药代动力学程序软件处理血药浓度-时间数据.结果如下:加丽素红经口服给药后,角黄素在鸡体内的血药浓度-时间数据符合一级吸收一室模型,其理论方程为C=0.471(e-0.036-e-0.190),主要药代动力学参数为:吸收半衰期t1/2(Ka)=(3.643±0.205)h,消除半衰期t1/2(Ke)=(19.263±1.312)h,达峰时间Tmax=(10.795±1.007)h,达峰浓度Cmax=(0.259±0.048)μg/mL,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积AUC=(10.607±1.029)μg/(mL·h),总体清除率CLB=(0.905±0.076)L/(kg·h),表观分布容积Vd=(2.515±0.133)L/kg.上述结果表明,角黄素在鸡体内血药浓度的变化表征了加丽素红在鸡体内代谢的变化规律,具有吸收分布较迅速、达峰快、体内分布广泛、消除速度较慢等特点.  相似文献   

16.
Pharmacokinetics of mequindox and one of its major metabolites (M) was determined in chickens after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and oral administration of mequindox at a single dose of 10 (i.v. and i.m.) or 20 mg/kg b.w. (oral). Plasma concentration profiles were analyzed by a non-compartmental pharmacokinetic method. Following i.v., i.m. and oral administration, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) were 0.71±0.15, 0.67±0.21, 0.25±0.10 μg h/mL (mequindox) and 37.24±7.98, 36.40±9.16, 86.39±16.01 μg h/mL (M), respectively. The terminal elimination half-lives (t(1/2λz)) were determined to be 0.15±0.06, 0.21±0.09, 0.49±0.23 h (mequindox) and 5.36±0.86, 5.39±0.52, 5.22±0.35 h (M), respectively. The bioavailabilities (F) of mequindox were 89.4% and 16.6% for i.m. and oral administration. Steady-state distribution volume (V(ss)) of 1.20±0.34 L/kg and total body clearance (Cl(B)) of 13.57±2.16 L/kg h were determined for mequindox after i.v. dosing. After single i.m. and oral administration, peak plasma concentrations (C(max)) of 3.04±1.32, 0.36±0.13 μg/mL (mequindox) and 3.81±0.92, 5.99±1.16 μg/mL (M) were observed at t(max) of 0.08±0.02, 0.32±0.12 h (mequindox) and 0.66±0.19, 6.67±1.03 h (M), respectively. The results showed that mequindox was rapidly absorbed after i.m. or p.o. administration and most of mequindox was transformed to metabolites in chickens, with much higher C(max)s and AUCs of metabolite (M) than those of mequindox in plasma.  相似文献   

17.
为阐明联合应用阿苯达唑(ABZ)和伊维菌素(IVM)在胃肠道线虫感染鄂尔多斯细毛羊体内的药动学互作关系,以感染胃肠道线虫的鄂尔多斯细毛羊为研究对象,比较研究了单独或联合应用阿苯达唑和伊维菌素后的药物动力学特征。通过粪便虫卵检查法,选取感染胃肠道线虫的鄂尔多斯细毛羊15只,随机分成3组,每组5只。第1组口服给予阿苯达唑(15mg/kg),第2组皮下注射伊维菌素(0.2mg/kg),第3组皮下注射伊维菌素(0.2mg/kg)的同时口服阿苯达唑(15mg/kg)。于给药后不同时间,由颈静脉采集血样,分离血浆,并用高效液相色谱法测定各时间点血浆阿苯达唑、阿苯达唑亚砜、阿苯达唑砜和伊维菌素浓度,并用PK Solution 2.0药物动力学软件计算出各药动学参数。结果表明,联合用药组绵羊血浆伊维菌素峰浓度(Cmax)、药时曲线下面积(AUC)和平均滞留时间(MRT)分别为44.80ng/mL±6.12ng/mL、5 007.46ng.h/mL±1 301.42ng.h/mL和85.47h±5.03h,均显著(P<0.05)小于单独用药组的对应参数值67.62ng/mL±9.06ng/mL、7 125.08ng.h/mL±908.52ng.h/mL和113.39h±9.00h。口服阿苯达唑组绵羊血浆中仅检测到了阿苯达唑砜和阿苯达唑亚砜,而未检测到阿苯达唑母药。联合用药后,除阿苯达唑砜的达峰时间(T max)显著推迟外,阿苯达唑砜和阿苯达唑亚砜的其他各参数之间均无显著性差异。因此,联合应用IVM和ABZ可影响它们在胃肠道线虫感染鄂尔多斯细毛羊体内的药动学特征,且对伊维菌素药动学特征的影响尤为明显,在临床联合用药过程中应予以重视。  相似文献   

18.
The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of meloxicam was studied in camels (Camelus dromedarus) (n = 6) following intravenous (i.v.) administration of a dose of 0.6 mg·kg/body weight. The results obtained (mean ± SD) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2β) ) was 40.2 ± 16.8 h and total body clearance (Cl(T) ) was 1.94 ± 0.66 mL·kg/h. The volume of distribution at steady state (V(SS)) was 92.8 ± 13.7 mL/kg. One metabolite of meloxicam was tentatively identified as methylhydroxy meloxicam. Meloxicam and metabolite were excreted unconjugated in urine. Meloxicam could be detected in plasma 10 days following i.v. administration in camels using a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method.  相似文献   

19.
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FF) was studied in plasma after a single dose (40 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to crucian carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri) in freshwater at 25 °C. Ten fish per sampling point were examined after treatment. The data were fitted to two-compartment open models follow both routes of administration. The estimates of total body clearance (CL(b) ), volume of distribution (V(d) /F), and absorption half-life (T(1/2(ka)) ) were 0.067 L/h/kg and 0.145 L/h/kg, 2.21 L/kg and 1.04 L/kg, 2.75 and 1.54/h following i.m. and p.o. administration, respectively. After i.m. injection, the elimination half-life (T(1/2(β)) ) was calculated to be 38.2h, the maximum plasma concentration (C(max) ) to be 16.82 μg/mL, the time to peak plasma FF concentration (T(max) ) to be 1.50 h, and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) to be 597.4 μg/mL·h. Following p.o. administration, the corresponding estimates were 2.17 h, 29.32 μg/mL, 1.61 h, and 276.1 μg/mL·h.  相似文献   

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