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日粮中维生素E、硒水平对熟化过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
研究了日粮维生素E、硒水平对熟化过程中牛肉氧化稳定性的影响。选择16头体重420～560kg的健康晋南牛阉牛,按体重分为4组,每组4头,试验期为2个月。试验采用2×2因子完全随机设计:维生素E的补饲水平为每头每天0和1000IU,硒的添加水平为0 10和0 40mg/kg。结果表明:与未补饲VE组相比,补饲1000IUVE可显著提高血浆和臀中肌α 生育酚含量(P<0 004),日粮中添加0 10和0 40mg/kg硒对组织α 生育酚含量影响差异不显著(P>0 05);日粮中添加0 40mg/kg硒组全血和臀中肌硒含量显著高于0 10mg/kg组(P<0 002);补饲1000IUVE和/日粮中添加0 40mg/kg硒可显著提高全血GPx(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)和熟化过程中臀中肌GPx酶活力(P<0 01),但对组织SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)酶活力影响差异不显著(P>0 05);补饲1000IUVE可显著抑制熟化过程中牛肉的脂质氧化(P<0 001),对牛肉的保水性能和颜色稳定性影响差异不显著(P>0 05);虽然提高日粮硒水平可明显增强熟化过程中牛肉GPx酶活力,但GPx酶活力的提高没有降低牛肉的TBARS值、滴水损失和METMB(高铁肌红蛋白)含量,该结果提示不同日粮硒水平对牛肉氧化稳定性没有显著影响。 相似文献
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《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2011,(1):51-52
硒对免疫接种后动物体液免疫活性的影响
大量研究资料表明．在疫苗接种前或接种的同时．用日粮中补充、服用硒丸或肌肉注射硒剂等方法补硒，可提高牛、羊、猪及家禽等多种动物的免疫接种效果．表现为血清中某种免疫球蛋白亚类的浓度升高或疫苗的血清抗体效价高于未补硒组。对牛羊的研究显示．缺硒牛羊补硒． 相似文献
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试验研究了宁夏常用饲粮中不同硒水平（添加硒0，0.15，0.30，0.45，0.60mg／kg）对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：①在饲粮中添加不同水平的硒，对各个饲养阶段生长育肥猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料报酬没有明显影响。但从全期来看，饲粮中添加硒0.30mg／kg时日增重晟高，料重比最低。②综合肉质品质各项指标的测定结果，饲粮中添加硒0.30、0.45、0.60mg／kg时，肌肉保水性、嫩度较好，以饲粮中添加硒0.30mg／kg时为最好。补硒组肉色评分、肌肉新鲜度和抗应激能力均较缺硒组高，肉色评分以饲粮中添加硒0.30mg／kg时最为理想。③在宁夏缺硒地区的玉米-豆粕、胡麻饼型饲粮中，从满足正常生长发育的代谢需要、改善肉的品质及降低发病率等方面综合考虑，在15～90kg体重的生长育肥猪基础饲粮中建议添加0.30mg／kg硒为宜，饲粮硒水平为0.33mg／kg，特别是在15-30kg体重的仔猪阶段，从降低发病率的角度考虑，硒的添加量可适当提高。 相似文献
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宾夕法尼亚大学动物科学与奶业科学学院的Tozer等人通过2×2拉丁方设计方法应用4种日粮配方,研究高产荷斯坦奶牛饲料投入和奶产出的问题。日粮配方分别为饲料低饲喂量(每头牛每天25kg干物质)、饲料高饲喂量(每头牛每天40kg干物质)、补饲颗粒料(生产4kg牛奶补饲1kg料)、不补饲颗 相似文献
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电解质平衡对动物的生命活动和生产性能起着非常重要的作用。大量研究表明，动物最佳的生理状况和生产性能需要适宜的饲粮电解质平衡，后者直势头影响机体内的酸碱平衡，进而影响营养素的利用效率和动物的生产性能。本文综述了饲粮电解质平衡状况的表示方法及其饲粮电解质平衡对仔猪生长性能及营养素的消化吸收和代谢的影响。 相似文献
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不同硒水平对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验研究了宁夏常用饲粮中不同硒水平(添加硒0，0．15，0．30，0．45，0．60mg／kg)对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：(1)在饲粮中添加不同水平的硒，对各个饲养阶段生长育肥猪的日增重、日采食量和饲料报酬没有明显影响。但从全期来看。饲粮中添加硒0．30mg／kg时日增重最高。料重比最低。(2)综合肉质品质各项指标的测定结果。饲粮中添加硒0．30，0．45，0．60mg／kg时，肌肉保水性、嫩度较好。以饲粮中添加硒0．30mg／kg时为最好。补硒组肉色评分、肌肉新鲜度和抗应激能力均较缺硒组高，肉色评分以饲粮中添加硒0．30mg／kg时最为理想。(3)在宁夏缺硒地区的玉米-豆粕、胡麻饼型饲粮中。从满足正常生长发育的代谢需要、改善肉的品质及降低发病率等方面综合考虑。在15～90kg体重的生长育肥猪基础饲粮中建议添加0．30mg／kg硒为宜，饲粮硒水平为0．33mg／kg，特别是在15～30kg体重的仔猪阶段。从降低发病率的角度考虑。硒的添加量可适当提高。 相似文献
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关于日粮添加 VE对谷物饲养牛的肉脂氧化和肉色影响的研究很多 ,而对放牧牛的关注很少 ,放牧牛肉中可能含有大量的天然 α-生育酚和胡萝卜素。本研究评价了仅仅采食牧草与补饲 VE对组织抗氧化剂含量的影响 ,并与从补饲或不补饲 VE的谷物 (主要是高粱 )饲养牛中得到的结果进行了比较。高粱是谷物日粮的主要成分。添加 VE对放牧牛血浆、肌肉和脂肪组织的 α-生育酚浓度没有影响 (从屠宰前 1 3 2 d起 ,2 5 0 0 IU/头 /d) ,而谷物饲养牛组织的含量显著增加。饲喂谷物并添加 VE的牛肌肉和肝脏 α-生育酚浓度与放牧牛一样 ,但脂肪中低一些 ( P<0 .0 5 )。放牧牛所有被考察组织中的主要类胡萝卜素是β-胡萝卜素 ,补饲 VE使其在血浆、肝脏、脂肪和肌肉中的含量减少。除肝脏含少量外 ,谷物饲养牛的组织中基本上不含类胡萝卜素。本研究对肉品工业的启示在于 ,在良好牧场放牧的牛肌肉和其他组织的 α-生育酚浓度可以达到至少不低于那些谷物饲养牛通过大量补饲 VE达到的水平。不过 ,给放牧牛补饲 α-生育酚减少了组织中 β-胡萝卜素的浓度 ,使胴体黄色减弱 ,可能更易于为亚洲市场所接受。 相似文献
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Swecker WS Hunter KH Shanklin RK Scaglia G Fiske DA Fontenot JP 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2008,22(2):443-449
BACKGROUND: The weaning process in beef calves elicits physiological stress responses that can negatively affect performance and health. Supplementation of vitamins and minerals, particularly selenium (Se) and vitamin E, might be warranted. HYPOTHESIS: That parenteral administration of Se or vitamin E would correct or prevent deficiencies of these nutrients in postweaned beef calves during a backgrounding period (42 days after weaning). ANIMALS: One hundred and forty-four weaned steers (200-250 kg) in 3 trials. METHODS: One trial was conducted with cattle on a dry lot fed a total mixed ration and 2 trials were conducted on cattle on pasture. Selenium was administered at 0.05 mg/kg BW (SC) and vitamin E was administered at 1500 IU on days 0 and 28 (SC). RESULTS: A treatment effect attributable to Se or vitamin E supplementation on average daily gain was not detected in any trials. Parenteral supplementation with Se on days 0 and 28 resulted in higher serum Se concentrations as compared with controls on day 42. Parenteral supplementation with Se on days 0 and 28 improved Se status from marginal to adequate in 1 trial. Parenteral supplementation with vitamin E did not improve serum vitamin E concentrations in any experiment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Supplementation with vitamin E or Se or a combination of both did not have a significant effect on calf performance during the 42-day backgrounding period. 相似文献
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B Norman G Nader M Oliver R Delmas D Drake H George 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(6):869-872
The potential impact on aquatic ecosystems of supplementing the diets of beef cattle with selenium (Se) was studied on 4 northern California ranches. All study sites included an area of concentrated use by cattle that had diets supplemented with Se. In each case, a stream flowed through the site and provided a control sampling area upstream and a treated sampling area downstream. Specimens of water, sediment, algae, aquatic plants, aquatic invertebrates, and fish were analyzed fluorometrically for total Se content. Significant differences in Se concentration were not found between specimens from upstream control areas and those from downstream areas subjected to use by Se-treated cattle. Evidence was not found that Se supplementation in cattle at maximal permitted concentrations caused Se accumulation in associated aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
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文章旨在探讨日粮单独或联合补充微量元素铜和硒对肉牛生长性能、肌肉脂肪酸组成及血清抗氧化的影响。试验将平均体重为(389.98±1.67)kg的80只肉牛随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,T1组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒,T2组在基础日粮中以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜,T3组在基础日粮中以亚硒酸钠形式添加1.5mg/kg硒和以硫酸铜的形式添加25mg/kg铜。饲养试验共进行84d。结果:1.5mg/kg硒组肉牛末重和采食量较对照组分别显著提高了7.36%和38.69%(P<0.05),但料重比较对照组显著降低了17.02%(P<0.05),同时处理组肉牛平均日采食量较对照组分别显著提高15.06%、16.86%和20.08%(P<0.05)。对照组肌肉亚麻油酸含量较铜硒混合组显著提高62.50%(P<0.05)。对照组肉牛血清胆固醇含量也显著高于T1组(P<0.05)。对照组和T3组肌肉胆固醇含量显著高于T1和T2组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,T2和T3组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性分别显著降低46.42%和62.84%(P<0.05)。T1组血清超氧化物歧化酶活性较对照组和T2组分别显著提高10.64%和15.94%(P<0.05),同时对照组血清丙二醛含量较T1和T3组分别显著提高91.45%和73.90%(P<0.05)。结论:日粮补充铜或硒可以改变肉牛脂质代谢,补充硒可以改善肉牛饲料效率、血清抗氧化性能,降低血清和肌肉胆固醇含量。 相似文献
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In southern Australia, cattle at risk from selenium (Se) deficiency can be given an oral dose of supplements that are effective in maintaining adequate Se status for between 9 and 12 months. The present study was undertaken to assess the duration of the effect of parenteral barium selenate (BaSe) in raising the Se status of cattle at pasture in an area of marginal Se deficiency. The BaSe was given subcutaneously to Hereford heifers, using an 18-gauge needle. Cattle had regular blood sampling to assay Se, from 8 days before dosing to 1155 days afterwards. Results show that a single injection of BaSe was effective in elevating blood and plasma Se concentrations to normal values for at least 2 to 3 years, when given to beef cattle of low normal Se status. We suggest that a prophylactic dosage of 0.5 mg Se/kg body weight as BaSe should be given every 2 years to prevent Se inadequacy in beef cattle grazing pasture of marginal Se content. 相似文献
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Selenium deficiency of beef cattle in Idaho and Washington and a practical means of prevention 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The majority of beef cattle assayed for whole blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in Idaho and Washington were deficient in selenium. Cattle in the more arid sections of these states tended to have higher selenium levels than those in areas with moderate and high rainfall. Animals pastured on irrigated forages had lower selenium concentrations than those grazed on dry land pasture. Cattle were supplemented by the addition of sodium selenite to a salt-mineral mixture. Ninety mg selenium per kg (ppm) salt-mineral mix fed to cattle significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated selenium (GSH-Px) levels well into normal ranges by 3 months when fed to extremely selenium deficient animals. Thirty ppm selenium was insufficient to raise GSH-Px levels into normal ranges. In addition, 20 ppm selenium was insufficient to sustain blood selenium concentrations of selenium adequate animals. Selenium given in the salt-mineral mix provided an effective, economical, and easily regulated source of dietary selenium. This supplement can be provided the entire year even under range conditions. Calves of cows placed on the 90 ppm selenium supplement had significantly (P less than 0.005) improved weaning weights (10 months) and an indication of a decreased incidence of infectious diseases. 相似文献
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维生素A是肉牛维持正常生理功能、生化代谢及生长发育所必需的一类脂溶性维生素，机体自身不能合成，必须由饲粮供给。饲粮中维生素A不仅影响肉牛视觉和骨骼发育，也对肉牛脂肪沉积和肌肉大理石花纹形成等发挥着重要调控作用。在生产中，肉牛处在不同生理阶段对维生素A的需要量也不同，胎牛和犊牛阶段补充维生素A可增强肌内脂肪细胞发育和脂肪细胞增生，促进肌内脂肪沉积；育肥期限饲维生素A可提高肉牛的肌内脂肪沉积和大理石花纹等级。大理石花纹与牛肉的嫩度和风味密切相关，是衡量牛肉品质的重要指标。维生素A在肉牛体内通过其活性代谢产物视黄醇、视黄醛和视黄酸促进脂肪的形成，并在成脂定型、成脂分化和脂质蓄积的每个阶段都发挥重要作用。脂肪沉积过程受转录因子过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors，PPARs）、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白（CCAAT-enhancer binding proteins，C/EBPs）和Janus激酶-信号转导及转录激活因子（JAK-STAT）信号转导通路等调控。表观遗传修饰的DNA甲基化和去甲基化也可通过调控脂肪形成过程中相关基因的表达参与脂肪细胞的分化和脂肪组织的生长发育，从而影响肉牛的脂肪沉积。作者主要介绍了脂肪组织不同阶段的形成过程和维生素A的生物学功能；重点阐述了肉牛在不同生理阶段补充和限饲维生素A，通过转录因子的表达、表观遗传修饰等途径来影响成脂相关信号通路调控脂肪沉积的机理，以期为促进维生素A改善肉牛品质和高档牛肉生产提供参考。 相似文献
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The effects of supplementation of beef cattle diets with organic Se (0.3 mg/kg) and vitamin E (300 I.U. alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg feed), for 55 d preceding slaughter, on the antioxidant status and oxidative stability of muscle was examined. Dietary vitamin E supplementation led to an increase (P < 0.05) in plasma, and longissimus muscle alpha-tocopherol levels. In minced longissimus muscle stored in 80% 02:20% CO2, lipid and oxymyoglobin oxidation were lower (P < 0.05) in muscle from vitamin E-supplemented animals compared with unsupplemented animals. Dietary Se supplementation did not significantly affect muscle Se levels, glutathione peroxidase activity, or susceptibility to lipid and oxymyoglobin oxidation in the presence or absence of vitamin E. Covariance analysis indicated that, in addition to muscle alpha-tocopherol, differences in muscle glutathione peroxidase activity, and pH could account for variation in the susceptibility of muscle to lipid and oxymyoglobin oxidation. 相似文献
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Julia B. Montgomery Jeffrey J. Wichtel Maureen G. Wichtel Mary A. McNiven J T. McClure Fred Markham David W. Horohov 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(4):281-291
The effects of selenium (Se) supplementation and source on equine immune function have not been extensively studied. This study examined the effects of oral Se supplementation and Se source on aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in horses. Fifteen horses were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (5 horses/group): control, inorganic Se (sodium selenite), organic Se (Se yeast). Immune function tests performed included: lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogen concanavalin A, neutrophil phagocytosis, antibody production after rabies vaccination, relative cytokine gene expression in stimulated lymphocytes [interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)], and neutrophils (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNFα). Plasma, red blood cell Se, and blood glutathione peroxidase activity were measured. Plasma and red blood cell Se were highest in horses in the organic Se group, compared with that of inorganic Se or control groups. Organic Se supplementation increased the relative lymphocyte expression of IL-5, compared with inorganic Se or no Se. Selenium supplementation increased relative neutrophil expression of IL-1 and IL-8. Other measures of immune function were unaffected. Dietary Se content and source appear to influence immune function in horses, including alterations in lymphocyte expression of IL-5, and neutrophil expression of IL-1 and IL-8. 相似文献