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1.
有机质含量对人造技术土水分结构性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Constructed Technosols may be an alternative for creating urban green spaces. However, the hydro-structural properties emerging from the assembly of artefacts have never been documented. The soil shrinkage curve (SSC) could provide relevant structural information about constructed Technosols, such as the water holding capacity of each pore system (macropores and micropores). The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the SSC and water retention curve (WRC) to describe the structure of constructed Technosols and (ii) to understand the influence of organic matter content on soil hydro-structural properties. In this study, Technosols were obtained by mixing green waste compost (GWC) with the material excavated from deep horizons of soil (EDH). The GWC was mixed with EDH in six different volumetric percentages from 0% to 50% (GWC/total). The GWC and EDH exhibited highly divergent hydro-structural properties: the SSC was hyperbolic for GWC and sigmoid for EDH. All six mixture treatments (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% GWC) exhibited the classical sigmoid shape, revealing two embedded levels of pore systems. The 20% GWC treatment was hydro-structurally similar to the 30% and 40% GWC treatments; so, a large quantity of expansive GWC is unnecessary. The relation with the GWC percentage was a second-degree equation for volumetric available water in micropores, but was linear for volumetric available water in macropores and total volumetric available water. Total volumetric available water in the 50% GWC treatment was twice as high as that in the 0% GWC treatment. By combining SSCs and WRCs, increasing the GWC percentage increased water holding capacity by decreasing the maximum equivalent size of water-saturated micropores at the shrinkage limit and increasing the maximum equivalent size of water-saturated macropores, resulting in an increased range of pore diameter able to retain available water. 相似文献
2.
Information on the most influential factors determining gas flux from soils is needed in predictive models for greenhouse gases emissions.We conducted an intensive soil and air sampling along a 2 000 m transect extending from a forest,pasture,grassland and corn field in Shizunai,Hokkaido (Japan),measured CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes and calculated soil bulk density (ρ b ),air-filled porosity (f a ) and total porosity (Φ).Using diffusivity models based on either f a alone or on a combination of f a and Φ,we predicted two pore space indices: the relative gas diffusion coefficient (D s /D o ) and the pore tortuosity factor (τ).The relationships between pore space indices (D s /D o and τ) and CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes were also studied.Results showed that the grassland had the highest ρ b while f a and Φ were the highest in the forest.CO 2 ,CH 4 ,N 2 O and NO fluxes were the highest in the grassland while N 2 O dominated in the corn field.Few correlations existed between f a ,Φ,ρ b and gases fluxes while all models predicted that D s /D o and τ significantly correlated with CO 2 and CH 4 with correlation coefficient (r) ranging from 0.20 to 0.80.Overall,diffusivity models based on f a alone gave higher D s /D o ,lower τ,and higher R 2 and better explained the relationship between pore space indices (D s /D o and τ) and gases fluxes.Inclusion of D s /D o and τ in predictive models will improve our understanding of the dynamics of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils.D s /D o and τ can be easily obtained by measurements of soil air and water and existing diffusivity models. 相似文献
3.
华北地区水安全问题的研究与展望 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
This paper addresses the emergence of water security problems in North China with the aim of highlighting key water resources management and water security issues for the long-term development of North China. Three key problems related to water resources and security issues in North China in the 21st century are addressed, namely 1) the water cycle under environmental change, 2) agricultural water saving, and 3) water security. Development of international research related to these issues is also reviewed. The research plan developed recently by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is discussed and suggestions on research and development of water resources science in North China are presented. Thanks to focus on experimental catchments and dedicated research stations, a detailed knowledge of the water cycle on North China farmland has been compiled. A range of techniques that include isotope tracers has been used to acquire hydrologic data. Much research has been devoted to developing distributed hydrological models at different scales. In the well irrigation district, five different water saving irrigation regimes have been investigated, and these regimes have had widespread application, and reduced water use 60-150 mm while they increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 20%-30%. Furthermore, preventing water pollution is the most essential step to ensure North China's water security. 相似文献
4.
Total porosity (TP), determined by image analysis, pore type and pore size distribution were evaluated on impregnated soil blocks from an undisturbed Brazilian sandy loam soil using a digital portable optical microscope. The free software Image J (version 1.40g) was used for image analysis. Procedures for soil image collection and analysis were presented. The image analysis allowed the evaluation of pore sizes with diameters ranging from 20 to >1 000 μm. The following types of pores were also obtained: rounded, elongated and intermediate. The results allowed the characterization of the soil as moderately porous (TP=21.6%). Rounded, intermediate and elongated pores were responsible for 11.6%, 31.7% and 56.7% of TP. In relation to pore size 51.1% of TP was in the 100-500 μm size class and a third of TP came from the pores larger than 500 μm. 相似文献
5.
苏打盐碱水灌溉的土壤添加石膏肥和有机肥后水溶性碳和微生物碳研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a small fraction of soil organic matter, has a rapid turnover rate and is a reservoir of labile nutrients. The water-extractable carbon pools provide a fairly good estimate of labile C present in soil and can be easily quantified. Changes in soil MBC and water-extractable organic carbon pools were studied in a 14-year long-term experiment in plots of rice-wheat rotation irrigated with canal water (CW), sodic water (SW, 10-12.5 mmol c L-1 residual sodium carbonate), and SW amended with gypsum with or without application of organic amendments including farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS). Irrigation with SW increased soil exchangeable sodium percentage by more than 13 times compared to irrigation with CW. Sodic water irrigation significantly decreased hot water-extractable organic carbon (HWOC) from 330 to 286 mg kg-1 soil and cold water-extractable organic carbon (CWOC) from 53 to 22 mg kg-1 soil in the top 0-7.5 cm soil layer. In the lower soil layer (7.5-15 cm), reduction in HWOC was not significant. Application of gypsum alone resulted in a decrease in HWOC in the SW plots, whereas an increase was recorded in the SW plots with application of both gypsum and organic amendments in both the soil layers. Nevertheless, application of gypsum and organic amendments increased the mean CWOC as compared with application of gypsum alone. CWOC was significantly correlated with MBC but did not truly reflect the changes in MBC in the treatments with gypsum and organic amendments applied. For the treatments without organic amendments, HWOC was negatively correlated with MBC (r = 0.57*) in the 0-7.5 cm soil layer, whereas for the treatments with organic amendments, both were positively correlated. Irrigation with SW significantly reduced the rice yield by 3 t ha-1 and the yield of rice and wheat by 5 t ha-1 as compared to irrigation with canal water. Application of amendments significantly increased rice and wheat yields. Both the rice yield and the yield of rice and wheat were significantly correlated with MBC (r = 0.49**-0.56**, n = 60). HWOC did not exhibit any relation with the crop yields under the treatments without organic amendments; however, CWOC showed a positive but weak correlation with the crop yields. Therefore, we found that under sodic water irrigation, HWOC or CWOC in the soils was not related to MBC. 相似文献
6.
放牧强度对中国内蒙古草原土壤水分状况与通量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the past few decades,the increase in grazing intensity has led to soil degradation and desertification in Inner Mongolia grassland,China,due to population growth and shift in the socio-economic system.Two sites with different grazing intensities,continuous grazing site(CG) with 1.2 sheep ha 1 year 1 and heavy grazing site(HG) with 2.0 sheep ha 1 year 1,were investigated at the Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station(43 37 50 N,116 42 18 E) situated in the northern China to i) characterize the temporal distribution of soil water content along soil profile;and ii) quantify the water fluxes as affected by grazing intensity.Soil water content was monitored by time domain reflectometry(TDR) probes.Soil water retention curves were determined by pressure membrane extractor,furthermore processed by RETC(RETention Curve) software.Soil matric potential,plant available water and water flux were calculated using these data.Both sites showed an identical seasonal soil water dynamics within four defined hydraulic periods:1) wetting transition coincided with a dramatic water increase due to snow and frozen soil thawing from March to April;2) wet summer,rainfall in accordance with plant growth from May to September;3) drying transition,a decrease of soil water from October to November due to rainfall limit;and 4) dry winter,freezing from December to next February.Heavy grazing largely reduced soil water content by 43%-48% and plant available water by 46%-61% as compared to the CG site.During growing season net water flux was nearly similar between HG(242 mm) and CG(223 mm) sites between 5 and 20 cm depths.However,between 20 and 40 cm depths,the upward flux was more pronounced at HG site than at CG site,indicating that water was depleted by root uptake at HG site but stored at CG site.In semi-arid grassland ecosystem,grazing intensity can affect soil water regime and flux,particularly in the growing season. 相似文献
7.
In order to utilize the wasted saline-sodic soils under shallow groundwater condition,a 3-year field study was carried in a field cropped with Lycium barbarum L.and irrigated by drip irrigation with saline groundwater under the water table depth of 30-40 cm in the northern Yinchuan Plain,China.Effects of cropping duration (one,two,and three years) on soil salinity,soil solution composition,and pH in three adjacent plots were investigated in 2008.Results showed that a high irrigation frequency maintained high soil water potential and subsequently facilitated infiltration and downward movement of water and salt in the crop root zone.Salt accumulated on the edges of the ridges,and soil saturated-paste electrical conductivity (ECe) was higher in the edge.Concentrations of Na+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,and SO42- in the soil increased with the soil depth as did the ECe,while HCO3- and pH had a relative uniform distribution in soil profile.As planting year increased,the ECe and soil salts in the field had a decreasing tendency,while in the root zone they decreased immediately after irrigation and then remained relatively stable in the following growing seasons.HCO3- and pH had little change with the planting year.Results suggested that the application of drip irrigation with saline water could ameliorate saline-sodic soil and provide a relatively feasible soil environment for the growth of salt-tolerant plant Lycium barbarum L.under the saline-sodic soils with shallow groundwater. 相似文献
8.
植物对镉毒害的形态和生理响应研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has posed an increasing challenge to environmental quality and food security.In recent years,phytoremediation has been particularly scrutinized because it is cost-effective and environmentally friendly,especially the use of metal-hyperaccumulating plants to extract or mine heavy metals from polluted soils.Under Cd stress,responses of hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator plants differ in morphological responses and physiological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration,uptake,transport,and assimilation of minerals and nitrogen,and water uptake and transport,which contribute to their ability to accumulate and detoxify Cd.This review aims to provide a brief overview of the recent progresses in the differential responses of hyperaccumulator and non-accumulator plants to Cd toxicity in terms of growth and physiological processes.Such information might be useful in developing phytoremediation technology for contaminated soils. 相似文献
9.
两种人工湿地处理富营养化景观水体的性能对比研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The efficiencies of two types of constructed wetlands for the treatment of low-concentration polluted eutrophic land-scape river water were studied in the western section of the Qingyuan River at the Minhang campus of Shanghai Jiaotong University. The first wetland was a single-stage system using gravel as a filtration medium, and the second was a three-stage system filled with combinations of gravel, zeolite, and fly ash. Results from parallel operations of the wetlands showed that the three-stage constructed wetland could remove organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus successfully. At the same time, it could also decrease ammoniacal odour in the effluent. Compared to the single-stage constructed wetland, it had better nutrient removal efficiencies with a higher removal of 19.37%-65.27% for total phosphorus (TP) and 21.56%-62.94% for total nitrogen (TN), respectively, during the operation period of 14 weeks. In terms of removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and blue-green algae, these two wetland systems had equivalent performances. It was also found that in the western section of the test river, in which the two constructed wetlands were located, the water quality was much better than that in the eastern and middle sections without constructed wetland because COD, TN, and TP were all in a relatively lower level and the eutrophication could be prevented completely in the western section. 相似文献
10.
To compare the CH4 oxidation potential among diferent land uses and seasons,and to observe its response to monsoon precipitation pattern and carbon and nitrogen parameters,a one-year study was conducted for diferent land uses (vegetable field,tilled and non-tilled orchard,upland crops and pine forest) in central subtropical China.Results showed significant diferences in CH4 oxidation potential among diferent land uses(ranging from 3.08 to 0.36 kg CH4 ha-1 year-1).Upland with corn-peanut-sweet potato rotation showed the highest CH4 emission,while pine forest showed the highest CH4 oxidation potential among all land uses.Non-tilled citrus orchard (0.72±0.08 kg CH4 ha-1 year-1)absorbed two times more CH4 than tilled citrus orchard(0.38±0.06kg CH4 ha-1 year-1).Irrespective of diferent vegetation,inorganic N fertilizer application significantly influenced CH4 fluxes across the sites (R2=0.86,P=0.002).Water-filled pore space,soil microbial biomass carbon,and dissolved nitrogen showed significant efects across diferent land uses (31% to 38% of variability)in one linear regression model.However,their cumulative interaction was significant for pine forest only,which might be attributed to undisturbed microbial communities legitimately responding to other variables,leading to net CH4 oxidation in the soil.These results suggested that i)natural soil condition tended to create win-win situation for CH4 oxidation,and agricultural activities could disrupt the oxidation potentials of the soils;and ii)specific management practices including but not limiting to efficient fertilizer application and utilization,water use efciency,and less soil disruption might be required to increase the CH4 uptake from the soil. 相似文献
11.
《土壤圈》2016,(2)
Biochar,as a kind of soil amendment,has important effects on soil water retention.In this research,4 different kinds of biochars were used to investigate their influences on hydraulic properties and water evaporation in a sandy soil from Hebei Province,China.Biochar had strong absorption ability in the sandy soil.The ratio of water content in the biochar to that in the sandy soil was less than the corresponding ratio of porosity.Because of the different hydraulic properties between the sandy soil and the biochar,the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sandy soil gradually decreased with the increasing biochar addition.The biochar with larger pore volume and average pore diameter had better water retention.More water was retained in the sandy soil when the biochar was added in a single layer,but not when the biochar was uniformly mixed with soil.Particle size of the added biochar had a significant influence on the hydraulic properties of the mixture of sand and biochar.Grinding the biochar into powder destroyed the pore structure,which simultaneously reduced the water absorption ability and hydraulic conductivity of the biochar.For this reason,adding biochar powder to the sandy soil would not decrease the water evaporation loss of the soil itself. 相似文献
12.
Effects of hydrogel, bentonite, and biochar as soil amendments on soil hydraulic properties and improving water availability from saturation to oven dryness were investigated. Soils were mixed with hydrogel (0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%), bentonite (0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.5%), and biochar (1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%) as soil amendments (weight:weight). Three methods (extended multistep outflow (XMSO), evaporation (EVA), and WP4 dewpoint potentiometer) were used to measure soil hydraulic properties from saturation to oven dryness. The cumulative XMSO results were more uniform across all the applied pressure steps for the amended soils. The EVA exhibited a shorter linear decrease during the first evaporation stage and a lower evaporation rate during the second evaporation stage. The WP4 results also exhibited that soil amendments increased the soil water content of the amended soils at low matric potentials. The results of soil water retention curves revealed that the unamended soil retained less water at any matric potential compared to the amended soils. Soil hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing amount of soil amendments. The saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher for the unamended soil than the soils amended with 2.5% bentonite, 0.50% hydrogel, and 5.0% biochar by 11, 3, and 18 times, respectively. These results suggested that soil amendments improved soil water retentivity, which confirmed the appropriateness of these soil amendments for potential use in sandy soil improvements. However, field experiments and economical perception studies should be considered for further investigation. 相似文献
13.
生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
生物质炭在农业与环境中的应用已成为近期国内外研究热点,有关生物质炭特性以及生物质炭对土壤化学、生物学性质和作物产量的影响,已经有一些综述,但是生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的相关综述很少。本文对近10年生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响相关的研究成果进行了整理分析。研究结果发现生物质炭可以降低土壤容重,提高土壤团聚体稳定性,增加田间持水量和土壤有效水含量,降低饱和导水率等。生物质炭影响土壤物理性质的主要原因是生物质炭具有较大的比表面积和孔隙度。此外,生物质炭与土壤矿质颗粒结合,并通过对土壤微生物活性和植物生长的影响间接影响土壤物理性质。生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响与多种因素有关,如生物质炭原料、裂解温度、施用量和颗粒大小,土壤质地和处理时间等。关于生物质炭对土壤物理性质影响的长期研究很少,且缺乏田间试验。因此,将来的研究应更加倾向于长期田间条件下生物质炭对土壤物理性质的影响,并逐渐发现生物质炭的作用机理,为实际的农业生产和生态治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
Siwaporn Siltecho Nopmanee Suvannang Juthamard Kaiphoem Erika Medeiros José Romualdo de Sousa Lima Nattaporn Prakongkep Robert Gilkes Claude Hammecker 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(2):1293-1306
Pradoo wood biochar has been tested in order to explore sustainable solutions to the development of agriculture on poor sandy soils in marginal areas in Northeast Thailand. Some basic physicochemical properties of biochar, for example pore size distribution, cation exchange capacity (CEC), specific surface area (SSA), and water and nutrient adsorption, were determined and compared to soil properties in order to determine appropriate biochar application to soil. Pradoo wood biochar showed important adsorption properties with high SSA, CEC and nutrient adsorption. The water retention properties were also improved on the dry end of the water retention curve. Phosphorous and ammonium adsorption–desorption isotherms were established and their respective affinity for the biochar surface was quantified, by the means of a retention index and thermodynamical parameters. We found that despite excellent retention properties, biochar needs to be added in large amounts (between 10 and 70 kg m−2) to soil to be able to modify noticeably the resulting soil properties. 相似文献
15.
针对砂质潮土水分容量低、持水性差、渗透性强的问题,通过土柱试验比较几种保水材料与沙土培养前后对水分运动参数的改善效果。试验保水材料为:2%生物炭、2%秸秆和0.1%保水剂,施入方式包括2种:与沙土混匀和25 cm处铺层。结果表明:2%生物炭和2%秸秆与沙土混匀总入渗时间分别为各自铺层处理的1.88倍和1.66倍,入渗完成时入渗率降低;而0.1%保水剂在土柱中铺层比混匀延长1.82倍。不同土柱总入渗时间依次为保水剂铺层 > 保水剂混匀 > 秸秆混匀 > 生物炭混匀 > 不添加保水材料的对照（CK）＝秸秆铺层 > 生物炭铺层。混匀处理土柱培养30 d后,各土柱总入渗完成时间均大于培养前,其中生物炭与秸秆总入渗时间分别提高了2.88倍与1.50倍,极大改善沙土漏水。与CK相比,生物炭、秸秆和保水剂的饱和导水率分别降低了6.1%,22.3%,82.4%;培养30 d后分别降低了77.2%,10.5%,79.1%。综上,保水剂铺层施用效果好于混匀,而其余材料与沙土混匀效果较好;随施用时间延长,生物炭和秸秆对沙土水分参数的改善效果较为明显,本结果可以为砂质潮土渗透、持水能力的改良提供方法及数据参考。 相似文献
16.
Improvement of physical and hydraulic properties of desert soil with amendment of different biochars
Zhang Leiyi Jing Yiming Chen Guanhong Wang Xiaojie Zhang Renduo 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(7):2984-2996
Purpose
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of amendment of different biochars on the physical and hydraulic properties of desert soil.
Materials and methodsBiochars were produced with woodchip, rice straw, and dairy manure at temperatures of 300 and 700 °C, respectively. Each biochar at 5% (w/w) was mixed with desert soil, and the mixtures were incubated for 120 days.
Results and discussionThe different biochar treatments greatly reduced soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Especially the rice straw biochar addition resulted in the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivities among the treatments. Biochar addition significantly increased water retention of desert soil at any suction. At the same suction and experimental time, the treatment with the rice straw biochar produced at the lower temperature resulted in higher water content than the other treatments. The biochar additions slightly enhanced formation of soil macro-aggregates in the early experimental time. However, the aggregate contents gradually decreased with time due to the lack of effective binding agents (e.g., soil organic matter and clay minerals).
ConclusionsThe changes of hydraulic properties of desert soil were attributable to the biochar properties. The higher fine particle content, porosity, and surface hydrophilicity of rice straw biochars were the most beneficial properties to increase soil water retention and to reduce water flow in the desert soil. The improvement of hydraulic properties by biochar addition may provide a potential solution to combat desertification.
相似文献17.
为探究不同生物炭混掺量对微咸水蒸发特性的影响,采用离心机试验和室内土柱模拟试验,设置3个生物炭质量添加比例(B0、B2、B4)和4个微咸水矿化度(W0、W1、W3、W5),分析不同处理对微咸水蒸发下的土壤水分特征曲线、孔隙分布、累积蒸发量、盐分运移、土壤温度日变幅的影响,并应用蒸发模型进行拟合分析。结果表明:生物炭和微咸水联合应用下能提高土壤持水能力,增加土壤中的较大孔隙和较小孔隙的比例;土壤累积蒸发量随着生物炭混掺量的增加先减少后增加,生物炭混掺量为2%时可以更好地抑制微咸水蒸发;Rose蒸发模型可以较好地拟合微咸水蒸发;土壤中混掺生物炭可以降低盐分表聚,使其在土壤中均匀分布;混掺生物炭可以有效降低土壤温度日变幅;相同生物炭施用量下,矿化度为3 g/L的微咸水,可以降低0—10 cm土层土壤平均温度,提高10—50 cm土层土壤平均温度。综合考虑各项指标,处理B2W3的生物炭和微咸水更适宜农田施用,为西北干旱地区更好地利用微咸水灌溉提供理论依据。 相似文献
18.
生物炭对东北黑土持水特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为探究生物炭对东北黑土持水特性的影响,系统研究3种添加比例(2%、5%、10%)、3种粒径(0.25、0.5、1 mm)的杨木炭和竹炭对3种质地东北黑土(壤土、砂壤土、砂土)田间持水量和含水率的影响规律,构建添加生物炭黑土的水分特征曲线,并采用Van-Genuchten和Broods-Corey模型进行拟合。结果表明:生物炭能显著提高不同质地东北黑土的持水能力,黑土的田间持水量与生物炭的添加比例呈显著正相关,而与生物炭的粒径呈负相关,0.5 mm和1 mm粒径的生物炭对黑土田间持水量的影响差异不显著,杨木炭显著优于竹炭,0.25 mm、10%添加比例的杨木炭对东北黑土持水能力的提高效果最优,壤土、砂壤土、砂土3种质地黑土的田间持水量和饱和含水率分别可提高64.97%、66.42%、69.39%和47.60%、38.93%、31.18%;Van-Genuchten模型能更精确的模拟添加生物炭黑土的水分特征曲线,最佳离心时间为100 min,三次函数曲线能够较好的拟合添加生物炭黑土的体积含水率与离心吸力之间的多元动态关系,为生物炭对各种质地东北黑土水分运动规律的深入研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
生物炭添加对矿区压实土壤水力特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
中国黄土高原大型露天煤矿开采导致土壤质量下降,生物炭作为环境友好型土壤改良剂,在改善农田土壤质量中应用广泛,但在有关矿区压实土壤改良的研究中不够深入。为此,该研究通过室内试验分析不同粒径的生物炭在不同添加量下对矿区排土场压实土壤水力特性的影响。试验采用4种粒径（>1～2、>0.25～1、0.10～0.25、<0.10 mm）与4种添加量（0、4、8、16 g/kg）的生物炭,设计5种压实条件（容重分别为1.3、1.4、1.5、1.6、1.7 g/cm3）,并利用van Genuchten模型（VG模型）拟合土壤水分特征曲线。结果表明,添加生物炭后土壤水分特征曲线的相关系数均在0.960以上,标准差均小于0.015,说明VG模型适用于拟合添加生物炭后的土壤水分特征曲线。随着生物炭添加量的增加,土壤孔隙分布明显改变,形成了大量大孔隙和中孔隙,土壤的持水能力提高。在低容重（1.3、1.4 g/cm3）条件下,生物炭粒径越大（0.25～2 mm）添加量越高（8、16 g/kg）,土壤持水、保水效果越明显;在高容重（1.5、1.6、1.7 g/cm3）条件下,小粒径（<0.25 mm）和较低的生物炭添加量（4、8 g/kg）则表现出较好的持水能力。对于不同压实条件的排土场土壤,有针对性地施用生物炭,将有效提高土壤持水保水能力,提高土壤中植物的有效利用水分。 相似文献
20.
不同秸秆生物炭对土壤水分入渗和蒸发的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
探究不同秸秆生物炭对土壤入渗和蒸发的影响,对于秸秆废弃物的资源化利用和水土资源高效利用具有重要意义。选取3种秸秆(油菜、藜麦和马铃薯)为原料制备生物炭,采用室内土柱模拟方法,探究不同材料生物炭对土壤湿润过程、累积入渗量和蒸发过程的影响。结果表明:不同材料生物炭下的土壤入渗和蒸发过程存在显著差异。马铃薯杆炭显著促进了湿润锋的运移,而藜麦杆和油菜杆炭在中后期减缓了湿润锋的运移速度。添加生物炭处理均提高了土壤早期的入渗速率,降低了土壤后期的稳定入渗速率,其中马铃薯杆炭表现最好,促进了早期入渗,而且后期入渗降低少,在入渗55 min时,马铃薯杆炭累积入渗67.8 mm,比对照提高41.8%。在模拟施炭土壤的入渗过程方面,Kostiakov模型表现最优。施炭对于前期土壤蒸发无显著影响,但显著提高了后期的土壤蒸发量。蒸发30天后,马铃薯杆、油菜杆和藜麦杆炭累积蒸发量分别比CK高5.2%,9.2%和10.2%。马铃薯杆生物炭能显著提高土壤的入渗能力。研究结果为青海省东部农区选择合适的生物炭种类提供了科学依据。 相似文献