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1.
Auditory responses in avian vocal motor neurons: a motor theory for song perception in birds 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The hypoglossal motor neurons that innervate the vocal organ (syrinx) of the male zebra finch show a selective, long-latency (50-millisecond) response to sound. This response is eliminated by lesions to forebrain song-control nuclei. Different song syllables elicit a response from different syringeal motor neurons. Conspecific vocalizations may therefore be perceived as members of a set of vocal gestures and thus distinct from other environmental sounds. This hypothesis is an avian parallel to the motor theory of speech perception in humans. 相似文献
2.
1) Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) produce a series of beautiful and varied sounds for a period of 7 to 30 minutes and then repeat the same series with considerable precision. We call such a performance "singing" and each repeated series of sounds a "song." 2) All prolonged sound patterns (recorded so far) of this species are in song form, and each individual adheres to its own song type. 3) There seem to be several song types around which whales construct their songs, but individual variations are pronounced (there is only a very rough species-specific song pattern). 4) Songs are repeated without any obvious pause between them; thus song sessions may continue for several hours. 5) The sequence of themes in successive songs by the same individual is the same. Although the number of phrases per theme varies, no theme is ever completely omitted in our sample. 6) Loud sounds in the ocean, for example dynamite blasts, do not seem to affect the whale's songs. 7) The sex of the performer of any of the songs we have studied is unknown. 8) The function of the songs is unknown. 相似文献
3.
CT Herbst AS Stoeger R Frey J Lohscheller IR Titze M Gumpenberger WT Fitch 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6094):595-599
Elephants can communicate using sounds below the range of human hearing ("infrasounds" below 20 hertz). It is commonly speculated that these vocalizations are produced in the larynx, either by neurally controlled muscle twitching (as in cat purring) or by flow-induced self-sustained vibrations of the vocal folds (as in human speech and song). We used direct high-speed video observations of an excised elephant larynx to demonstrate flow-induced self-sustained vocal fold vibration in the absence of any neural signals, thus excluding the need for any "purring" mechanism. The observed physical principles of voice production apply to a wide variety of mammals, extending across a remarkably large range of fundamental frequencies and body sizes, spanning more than five orders of magnitude. 相似文献
4.
Tyack PL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5483):1310-1311
Dolphins are remarkably intelligent creatures renowned for their ability to imitate manmade sounds and for producing individual signature whistles that enable them to recognize each other. Now, in his Perspective, Tyack discusses new findings showing that vocal imitation is important for communication among bottlenose dolphins in the wild (Janik). Apparently, bottlenose dolphins, when they are separated in the wild, address each other by matching each other's whistles. 相似文献
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6.
Many birds perform visual signals during their learned songs, but little is known about the interrelationship between visual and vocal displays. We show here that male brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) synchronize the most elaborate wing movements of their display with atypically long silent periods in their song, potentially avoiding adverse biomechanical effects on sound production. Furthermore, expiratory effort for song is significantly reduced when cowbirds perform their wing display. These results show a close integration between vocal and visual displays and suggest that constraints and synergistic interactions between the motor patterns of multimodal signals influence the evolution of birdsong. 相似文献
7.
Male swamp sparrows learn their songs; they fail to learn songs of the sympatric song sparrow. Syllables from tape recordings of both species of sparrow were spliced into an array of swamp sparrow-like and song sparrow-like temporal patterns. Swamp sparrows learned only those songs made of swamp sparrow syllables. They did so irrespective of whether the temporal pattern was swamp sparrow-like or song sparrow-like. Selectivity was retained by birds reared in total isolation from adult conspecific sounds. 相似文献
8.
Mundinger PC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1970,168(3930):480-482
American goldfinch females recognize individual males by their individually distinctive flight calls. Goldfinches and other cardueline finch species are also capable of learning new flight calls by imitation during pair and flock formation. Vocal imitation can occur between members of different species as well as between members of the same species. Learning of new flight calls differs in several respects from typical passerine song learning. 相似文献
9.
Stridulating Uhler's katydids produce the most complex song known for insects. Series of four types of sounds are made in stereotyped sequence. Sound-synchronized high-speed photography reveals that each type of sound is produced by a distinctively different wing-movement cycle. The most complex of these cycles includes a two-step closure and a nearly silent close-open movement. 相似文献
10.
Male swamp sparrows reared in the laboratory and exposed to taped songs during infancy produce accurate imitations of the material following an 8-month interval with no rehearsal. When the first rehearsal occurs, at about 300 days of age, large numbers of syllables are perfected. They are developed through invention and improvisation as well as imitation. Most are discarded at the time of song crystallization. Hence, these songbirds learn more than they manifest in full adult song. 相似文献
11.
Molecular transfer of a species-specific behavior from Drosophila simulans to Drosophila melanogaster 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D A Wheeler C P Kyriacou M L Greenacre Q Yu J E Rutila M Rosbash J C Hall 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4997):1082-1085
Drosophila males modulate the interpulse intervals produced during their courtship songs. These song cycles, which are altered by mutations in the clock gene period, exhibit a species-specific variation that facilitates mating. We have used chimeric period gene constructs from Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans in germline transformation experiments to map the genetic control of their song rhythm difference to a small segment of the amino acid encoding information within this gene. 相似文献
12.
In birds and other vertebrates, most acoustic signals are produced pneumatically by moving air through a vocal apparatus. Here we describe a unique mechanism used to produce a tonal acoustic signal in vertebrates. Video recordings of the courtship displays of male Club-winged Manakins, Machaeropterus deliciosus, reveal that males produce sustained harmonic tones through interactions among oscillating secondary wing feathers. This mechanism of sound production shows morphological and mechanistic convergence with arthropod stridulation. Intersexual selection for production of a nonvocal courtship song has led to major morphological, functional, and likely physiological modifications in the wing of this flying bird. 相似文献
13.
卞小艺 《安徽农业大学学报》2016,43(6):132-137
在西方音乐美学史上，出现了三种音乐本质观的模式：即以柏拉图和亚里斯多德为代表的古典时期的模仿论，以黑格尔和李斯特为代表的浪漫时期的表现论和以汉斯立克等为代表的现代时期的形式论。每一种模式的出现都扎根于时代的思潮和哲学思想的转变，三种模式的演变，代表了人类对音乐本质特征的深刻认识，表征着人类对音乐的本质认识的深度和广度。对此研究对我们今天中国的音乐教育和音乐理论建设有一定的启示作用。 相似文献
14.
陈家豪 《福建农林大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,29(2):250-253
以莆田县气象站作为莆仙平原的代表站 ,利用谐波分析方法对该站 196 1- 1997年共 37a中历年作物生长季 (3- 11月 )和夏旱期 (7- 9月 )的降水量进行数学模拟 ,得到了该站这两段时间的模拟式 ,分析和探讨了该平原地区这两段时间降水量变化规律及其防御干旱的措施 相似文献
15.
We propose a cosmological model in which the universe undergoes an endless sequence of cosmic epochs that begin with a "bang" and end in a "crunch." Temperature and density at the transition remain finite. Instead of having an inflationary epoch, each cycle includes a period of slow accelerated expansion (as recently observed) followed by contraction that produces the homogeneity, flatness, and energy needed to begin the next cycle. 相似文献
16.
Female crickets can recognize conspecific calling song from its temporal pattern alone. In Teleogryllus oceanicus, the song pattern consists of three classes of interpulse intervals arranged in a stereotyped sequence. Females recognize a model song in which the sequential order of intervals is random. This argues against the hypothesis that recognition results from matching auditory input to an internal template of the song. 相似文献
17.
6种不同声频对豇豆苗期生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长的影响。[方法]以古典音乐与昆虫鸣声的混合声波（MI）、杜鹃鸣声、蟋蟀鸣声、单一频率的400Hz声波和多种频率合成的F5、Fn声波进行试验比较,对豇豆苗高、苗重进行测定,采用EXCEL进行统计分析和多重比较。[结果]经6种不同类型和频率声频处理后,豇豆苗期生长生长状况均显著优于对照组,表明声波能显著促进株高生长,对豇豆苗期助长效果较好的是400Hz、杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声,其次是MI、Fn和F5;与对照组相比,杜鹃鸣声和蟋蟀鸣声处理组在生长期间能显著促进苗株增重。[结论]不同类型、频率特征的声波对豇豆苗期生长都有明显的助长作用,但作用效果有所差异。 相似文献
18.
The transition path is the tiny fraction of an equilibrium molecular trajectory when a transition occurs as the free-energy barrier between two states is crossed. It is a single-molecule property that contains all the mechanistic information on how a process occurs. As a step toward observing transition paths in protein folding, we determined the average transition-path time for a fast- and a slow-folding protein from a photon-by-photon analysis of fluorescence trajectories in single-molecule F?rster resonance energy transfer experiments. Whereas the folding rate coefficients differ by a factor of 10,000, the transition-path times differ by a factor of less than 5, which shows that a fast- and a slow-folding protein take almost the same time to fold when folding actually happens. A very simple model based on energy landscape theory can explain this result. 相似文献
19.
Anthropogenic and natural influences in the evolution of lower stratospheric cooling 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ramaswamy V Schwarzkopf MD Randel WJ Santer BD Soden BJ Stenchikov GL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5764):1138-1141
Observations reveal that the substantial cooling of the global lower stratosphere over 1979-2003 occurred in two pronounced steplike transitions. These arose in the aftermath of two major volcanic eruptions, with each cooling transition being followed by a period of relatively steady temperatures. Climate model simulations indicate that the space-time structure of the observed cooling is largely attributable to the combined effect of changes in both anthropogenic factors (ozone depletion and increases in well-mixed greenhouse gases) and natural factors (solar irradiance variation and volcanic aerosols). The anthropogenic factors drove the overall cooling during the period, and the natural ones modulated the evolution of the cooling. 相似文献
20.
Altered perception of species-specific song by female birds after lesions of a forebrain nucleus 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
E A Brenowitz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,251(4991):303-305
Female birds that do not normally sing possess brain nuclei associated with song production in males. To determine whether one song nucleus, the caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVc), acts in conspecific song perception, courtship responses of female canaries to canary and white-crowned sparrow songs were compared before and after HVc lesions. Bilateral lesions of a portion of the HVc resulted in copulation solicitations to heterospecific song as well as conspecific song. Control females continued to respond only to conspecific song. This suggests that the HVc is critical for conspecific song perception in females. Because female canaries do not normally sing, neurons in female HVc must develop response selectivity by a mechanism different from that proposed for male birds in the motor theory of song perception. 相似文献