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1.
Wm Tod Drosty DVM Connie A. Cummings DVM PHD J.S. Mathew BVSC PHD Roger J. Panciera DVM PHD Jeff C.H. KO DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(1):86-91
Canine hepatozoonosis caused by Hepatozoon americanum has periosteal proliferation on long bones, pelvis, vertebrae, and skull. The pathogenesis of the periosteal proliferation is unknown but may be similar to hypertrophic osteopathy. Objectives were to determine the time frame for onset of bone lesions, to characterize spatial distribution of early bone lesions, and to describe the scintigraphic appearance of bone lesions in six immature dogs infected with 400 H. americanum oocysts on day 0. 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy was performed before and after infection. The onset bone lesions noted using scintigraphy was before day 35/36 in three dogs, day 46 in one dog, day 53 in one dog, and between days 46 and 67 in one dog. Early bone lesions primarily occur proximal to the carpus/tarsus and on the axial skeleton. Bone lesions were diffuse, bilaterally symmetric, homogenous, high intensity regions of radiopharmaceutical uptake. 相似文献
2.
Bryant KJ Steinberg H McAnulty JF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(1):67-72, 59
Two dogs with osteoma or multilobulated tumor of bone of the skull were treated with large en bloc resections. The resections resulted in exposure of the brain above the horizon line of the remaining calvarium; in 1 dog, the removal of the dorsal orbital rims also exposed both orbits dorsally. Protection of the brain and exposed tissues and restoration of the cosmetic appearance of the skull were attempted by use of molded polymethylmethacrylate prosthetic reconstruction of the calvarium. The technique described involves cranioplasty by use of a preformed molded polymethylmethacrylate implant. Such prosthetic cranioplasty may benefit dogs undergoing radical excision of extensive tumors, and the usefulness and potential complications of its application are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Osteomyelitis and/or bone sequestra are commonly reported in equids following traumatic wounds. This report describes the clinical management and outcome following an arthrotomy of the temporomandibular joint of a 1-year-old Quarter Horse gelding with septic osteomyelitis and arthritis. Computed tomography was used for further assessment of the lesions within the temporomandibular joint and helped guide surgical planning. 相似文献
4.
To compare the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings and to evaluate the sensitivity of radiography and CT for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in dogs, the radiographic and CT studies of 48 dogs with chronic nasal disease were reviewed separately. The radiographic and CT findings were recorded, and a diagnosis was made. The results obtained in the dogs with nasal aspergillosis (n = 25) were used. Based on definite aspergillosis as diagnosis, CT had a sensitivity of 88% and radiography of 72%. Considering definite and probable aspergillosis as equivalent, CT had a sensitivity of 92% and radiography of 84%. The sensitivity was higher in dogs with lesions affecting the entire nasal cavity and frontal sinus on at least one side (n = 20) with a sensitivity of 100% for CT and 90-95% for radiography than in dogs with lesions restricted to the nasal cavities (n = 5) where CT had a sensitivity of 60-80% and radiography of 0-40%. CT was superior to radiography for evaluation of the nasal cavities (mucosal thickening along the nasal bones, surrounding bone hyperostosis/lysis), frontal sinuses (mucosal thickening along the frontal bone, fluid/soft tissue, frontal bone hyperostosis/lysis), and differentiation between a cavitated-like or a mass-like process. This study suggests that CT is more sensitive than radiography for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in the dog because of a better demonstration of some changes suggestive of nasal aspergillosis. A diagnosis of a nasal aspergillosis restricted to the nasal cavities or associated with an FB is challenging, even with the use of CT. 相似文献
5.
W G Keller J N Chambers 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1989,195(10):1382-1384
Congenital malformation of the carpal joint in a young dog resulted in a progressive lameness. Traumatic disruption of the carpus in another dog resulted in carpal bone necrosis, infection, and chronic instability. Radial metacarpal arthrodesis was performed in both dogs. The diseased carpal bones were excised, sparing the accessory carpal bone in both dogs. Radial metacarpal arthrodeses were then performed, using bone plate fixation. In the dog with the malformed limb, the gait had improved, but intermittent lameness was still present 8 months later because of an associated malarticulation of the cubital joint. The dog with the traumatized carpus had little or no lameness associated with normal activity for 32 months. 相似文献
6.
In computed tomographic (CT) images of humans, decreased lung attenuation, bronchial dilation, and/or thickening, air trapping, cysts, and thickened interlobular septa have been associated with increasing age. To determine if there are differences in the CT appearance of the lungs of young and old dogs that could affect interpretation of diagnostic studies, pulmonary CT images of dogs with conditions unrelated to the thorax were reviewed retrospectively in a case–control study. Computed tomography studies of 42 young dogs (range 0.3–4.8 years) and 47 old dogs (range 9–15.1 years) were jumbled and reviewed by an observer blinded to dog age. Computed tomography was performed under sedation in 62 (70%) dogs and under general anesthesia in 27 (30%). Heterotopic bone was more prevalent (62% vs. 14%) in old dogs. Lung collapse was significantly associated with old age, greater body weight, and anesthesia. There were no significant differences in median lung attenuation or occurrence of ground glass pattern, cysts, bronchial thickening, bronchial dilation, or degree of tracheal calcification. No examples of reticular pattern, emphysema, pleural thickening, or septal thickening were observed in any dog. Despite previous studies describing age‐related changes in the radiographic appearance of the lungs of old dogs, it appears that there are minimal observable differences in CT images. Old dogs are more likely to have visible foci of heterotopic bone and may be more prone to lung lobe collapse than young dogs, but neither of these differences should contribute to misdiagnosis of pulmonary disease. 相似文献
7.
Bordelon JT Rochat MC 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2007,231(11):1692-1695
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old Australian Terrier was evaluated for surgical removal of an ossifying fibroma of the left calvarium of 7 months' duration. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Computed tomography revealed invasion of the mass through the left parietal bone and extension into the epidural space of the brain. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: A left rostrotentorial and frontal bone craniectomy was performed, and the mass was removed, along with a 1-cm margin of grossly normal bone. Cranioplasty was performed with a combination of porcine submucosa, titanium mesh, and screws. The dog recovered from surgery without complications and was discharged 3 days later. The dog was followed up for 24 months after surgery and has remained clinically normal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggested that rostrotentorial craniectomy is a viable option for removal of benign tumors affecting the parietal bones in dogs. Reconstruction of the resulting defect in the calvarium is possible with a combination of porcine submucosa and rigid titanium mesh. 相似文献
8.
Molly E. Holmes Michele A. Keyerleber Dominik Faissler 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(4):447-455
Multilobular osteochondrosarcoma is an uncommon canine tumor but presents a treatment challenge when arising on the skull. This retrospective case series study aimed to describe outcome of a multimodality treatment approach involving aggressive surgical resection and adjuvant definitive radiation therapy in a group of dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the calvarium. Clinical, imaging, treatment, and outcome data were collected from retrospective review of medical records. Three dogs met inclusion criteria. The presenting clinical complaint was the presence of a mass effect of the skull in all three dogs and concurrent neurologic abnormalities in one dog. Advanced imaging revealed aggressive lytic and proliferative tumors arising from the calvarium in all three dogs. All dogs were treated surgically with a modified craniectomy, repaired with a titanium mesh—polymethyl methacrylate bone cement implant or a low prolife titanium mesh plate and followed by adjuvant definitive radiation therapy with 2.5 Gy per fraction for 22 daily fractions. There were no major immediate surgical complications and radiation was well tolerated overall. Neurologic improvement was seen in the patient that presented with neurologic disease. Survival times from surgery were 387, 422, and 730 days and from the time of radiation were 358, 397, and 677 days. Findings in this sample of three dogs supported the use of aggressive therapy with a combination of surgical craniectomy and cranioplasty utilizing a titanium mesh implant and high dose definitive radiation therapy for local control and prolonged survival times in dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the skull. 相似文献
9.
OBJECTIVE: To describe outcome in dogs with insufficient bone healing treated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Four dogs clinically affected with delayed union or nonunion bone healing. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for signalment, clinical problem, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: Four dogs that had delayed- or nonunion of bone fracture, osteotomy, or arthrodesis were treated with either minimally invasive, fluoroscopically guided, percutaneous administration or direct surgical application of rhBMP-2. Doses used ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 mg of rhBMP-2. In 3 dogs, a calcium phosphate matrix (CPM) carrier was used whereas in 1 dog commercially prepared rhBMP-2 impregnated in an absorbable collagen sponge (INFUSE Bone Graft) was used. This latter dog had osteomyelitis associated with implant infection before rhBMP-2 administration. Rapid radiographic union was noted in all dogs with excellent long-term outcome. Adverse effects were minimal and included transient worsening of lameness after percutaneous administration of rhBMP-2 in 2 dogs. CONCLUSIONS: rhBMP-2 stimulated rapid bone formation at delayed- or nonunion sites resulting in radiographic bone union with minimal adverse effects and excellent long-term outcome in 4 dogs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Direct intraoperative administration or fluoroscopically guided, minimally invasive delivery of rhBMP-2 may be an effective treatment modality for bone delayed- or nonunions and could potentially be used to stimulate new bone production in a variety of orthopedic surgical conditions in dogs. 相似文献
10.
Alison M. Dickie BVMS MVM Tobias Schwarz MA DVM Martin Sullivan BVMS PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(3):260-266
Temporomandibular joint dysplasia has been reported in several breeds of dog. Three Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) skulls were examined and radiographed during the course of a separate study and all demonstrated changes consistent with bilateral temporomandibular joint dysplasia. Subsequently, skull radiographs from all CKCS dogs examined at the University of Glasgow Veterinary School between 1991 and 2001 were reviewed (n = 26). Only two of these dogs were radiographed specifically for investigation of the temporomandibular joint, although varying degrees of dysplasia were identified in all dogs where the joints were adequately visualized (n = 20). The head of four CKCS cadavers was also radiographed, and similar changes were found. This finding suggests that temporomandibular joint dysplasia is a widespread asymptomatic condition in the CKCS and should be regarded as a normal morphologic variation rather than a pathologic anomaly. Subtle changes are best seen on lateral oblique radiographs, although marked changes are also visible on dorsoventral views. The rotational angle or angle of articulation of each of the dysplastic mandibular condyles was measured and was related to the severity of the dysplastic changes. However, there was overlap between the values calculated for these abnormal joints and normal ones in other breeds, suggesting this measurement was of limited significance and the shape of the components of the temporomandibular joint are more relevant when assessing this joint for the presence of dysplastic changes. 相似文献
11.
The medical records of seven dogs with severe, grade 3, open shearing wounds of the carpus or tarsus that were treated with an immediate arthrodesis were reviewed. Six dogs were managed with a transarticular external skeletal fixator (ESF), and one dog was treated with plate fixation. The soft tissues were managed simultaneously along with the definitive joint stabilization in all cases. Minor complications occurred in four dogs: one dog that required a skin graft, one dog in which a skin graft was recommended but not performed, one dog in which a secondary skin closure was performed, and one dog in which a delayed cancellous bone graft was placed. Major complications occurred in three dogs: two dogs that required restabilization of the arthrodesis and one dog that required implant (i.e., plate) removal due to infection. All dogs healed with acceptable functional and cosmetic results. Further long-term evaluation of five dogs revealed that all but one dog had either excellent or good functional outcomes, and the remaining dog had a fair outcome. Similarly, five dogs had either excellent or good cosmetic outcomes, with the remaining dog having a fair outcome. All owners were very satisfied with the overall results. This clinical study demonstrated that an immediate, definitive management technique, in which bone fusion and wound management are undertaken as simultaneous objectives, is a viable technique of managing severe periarticular shearing injuries. Transarticular stabilization with an ESF is the technique recommended. 相似文献
12.
ALESSIA J. EBLING ALEXIA L. MCKNIGHT GABRIELA SEILER PATRICK R. KIRCHER 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(4):385-391
The complexity of the equine skull makes the temporomandibular joint a difficult area to evaluate radiographically. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal angle for a complementary radiographic projection of the equine temporomandibular joint based on a computed tomography (CT) cadaver study. CT was performed on six equine cadaver heads of horses that were euthanized for other reasons than temporomandibular joint disease. After the CT examination, 3D reconstruction of the equine skull was performed to subjectively determine the angle for a complementary radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint. The angle was measured on the left and right temporomandibular joint of each head. Based on the measurements obtained from the CT images, a radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint in a rostral45°ventral-caudodorsal oblique (R45°V-CdDO) direction was developed by placing the X-ray unit 30° laterally, maintaining at the same time the R45°V-CdDO angle (R45°V30°L-CdDLO). This radiographic projection was applied to all cadaver heads and on six live horses. In three of the live horses abnormal findings associated with the temporomandibular joint were detected. We conclude that this new radiographic projection of the temporomandibular joint provides superior visualization of the temporomandibular joint space and the articular surface of the mandibular condyle. 相似文献
13.
Practising veterinarians and their assistants run the risk of being bitten by their patients, mostly cats and dogs, and many have experienced that bites and bite-wound infections can have unpleasant consequences. In recent years, more insight has been gained into a 'new' bacterial infection of bite wounds that not only has severe local effects but also potentially fatal systemic consequences. The bacterium involved is Capnocytophaga canimorsus. All bite wounds should be treated adequately, but this is especially so when wounds are infected with C. canimorsus. In this article, dog and cat bites are briefly described and then an overview is given of current knowledge of C. canimorsus and appropriate prophylactic measures. 相似文献
14.
BONE INFECTION IN THE BOVINE APPENDICULAR SKELETON: A CLINICAL, RADIOGRAPHIC, AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Francis Verschooten PROF. Dries Vermeiren DVM Luc Devriese DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):250-260
Four hundred and forty-five bovines with bone infection of the appendicular skeleton were selected for clinical and radiographic assessment. A distinction was made between hematogenous and post-traumatic origin (wound/fracture). Bone infection was classified into four types according to the site of infection: type 1 is metaphyseal and/or epiphyseal osteomyelitis close to the growth plate; type 2 is primary subchondral osteomyelitis mostly accompanied by septic arthritis; type 3 is infectious osteoarthritis with subchondral osteomyelitis implicating that infection in the subchondral bone originates from the infection. Type 4 summarizes bone infections which can not be categorized in the previous groups. Hematogenous osteomyelitis is 3.2 times more frequent than post-traumatic osteomyelitis. Within the different groups, the relation of hematogenous to post-traumatic infection changed significantly. In type 1 infection the ratio was 5/1, in type 2 the ratio was 8/1 and in type 3 it was 3/1. Epiphyseal or metaphyseal osteomyelitis exhibited early radiographic bone changes, whereas with infection eminating from the joint, the bone lesions were detected later, because the bone was infected as a consequence of a primary septic arthritis. In smaller bones, severe and complete bone destruction was often present. Hematogenous bone infection never involved the entire diaphysis. Actinomyces pyogenes was discovered to be the main etiologic agent, whether or not combined with anaerobes. Bone fragments from the metaphysis of young calves were subjected to the effect of pure cultures of different bacteria. Radiographic changes to the structure of the bone were not identified within 2 weeks. Rapid radiographic changes in osteomyelitis cannot be explained by the direct effect of the bacteria on bone tissue in vivo. General infections of the lungs, disorders of the intestines and other internal organs were rarely responsible for osteomyelitis or septic arthritis. Osteomyelitis and infectious osteoarthritis is probably often induced by external and internal traumatic events to joints and bones in cattle. 相似文献
15.
The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds: fifty cases 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dog bite wounds are a common reason for dogs requiring veterinary care, but there is surprisingly little data on the bacteriology of bite wounds. A prospective study was performed on dogs with various grades of bite wound to identify the bacteria present in these wounds. Swabs were collected from all wounds for bacterial culture and cytology. All swabs were cultured aerobically and anaerobically and all aerobic cultures were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion test. Fifty dogs with 104 bite wounds, inflicted within the previous 72h, were included. The victims were predominately intact male small breed dogs. Of the 104 wounds, 21 were judged by cytology to be infected and 83 non-infected. Infected wounds were significantly more likely to culture positive (p=0.02). Sixteen percent of wounds showed no growth. Sixteen percent grew aerobes, 1% anaerobes and 67% a mixture of aerobes and anaerobes. Pasteurella canis and pyogenic streptococci were common in infected wounds, whereas Bacillus spp., Actinomyces spp. and the oral streptococci were usually found in contaminated wounds. Three anaerobic genera were cultured, namely, Prevotella, Clostridium and Peptostreptococcus. One case represented the first isolation of Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an infected dog bite wound. Although no single antibiotic therapy was considered to be effective against all the bacteria, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, 1st and 3rd generation cephalosporins ampicillin or amoxycillin and potentiated sulphonamides gave the best in vitro sensitivity results. 相似文献
16.
This paper describes two cases of metaphyseal osteomyelitis in young dogs. The condition was characterised by generalised stiffness, muscle atrophy and reluctance to stand. Pain was evident on deep palpation of the distal extremities of long bones. Radiographic lesions, consisting of diffuse areas of bone lysis and pronounced periosteal reaction, were demonstrated in the metaphyseal regions of multiple long bones, particularly the distal radii and ulnae. Growth plates appeared unaffected and remained open. Biochemical abnormalities included significant increases in the plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and alkaline phosphatase. A pronounced neutrophilia and absolute monocytosis were noted in one dog. A six week course of amoxycil-lin/clavulanic acid in combination with metronidazole resulted in complete resolution of clinical and radiographic signs in each case. Growth disturbances were not observed. 相似文献
17.
Osteomyelitis in dogs and cats caused by anaerobic bacteria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Localised osteomyelitis was diagnosed in 2 dogs and 2 cats. The disease was caused by fight wounds in 3 cases. Radiographic examination demonstrated a circumscribed zone of cortical bone lysis, sequestra and periosteal new bone. Each case was treated surgically by sequestrectomy and debridement. Infection was due mainly to anaerobic bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria isolated from the lesions of dogs were Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides spp, and from the lesions in cats were Clostridium villosum , Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Wolinella recta and Bacteroides gingivalis. As all the bacteria were sensitive to penicillin, each case was treated with penicillin and by irrigation of the wound. This resulted in resolution of the disease, within 4 weeks, in all cases. 相似文献
18.
OLGA TRAVETTI CHIARA GIUDICE VALENTINA GRECI ROCCO LOMBARDO CARLO MARIA MORTELLARO MAURO DI GIANCAMILLO 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2010,51(4):374-379
We describe the computed tomography (CT) findings in 11 dogs with middle ear cholesteatoma. The cholesteatoma appeared as an expansile tympanic cavity mass with a mean attenuation value of 55.8±4.2 Hounsfield units. There was no appreciable contrast enhancement of the tympanic bulla contense but ring enhancement was seen in four dogs. Due to the slow progressive growth, the lesion causes severe bone changes at the contour of the tympanic bulla, including osteolysis, osteoproliferation and osteosclerosis, expansion of the tympanic cavity, and sclerosis or osteoproliferation of the ipsilateral temporomandibular joint and paracondylar process. Cholesteatoma can cause lysis of the petrosal part of the temporal bone, leading to intracranial complications. Although not definitive, CT provides useful information for distinguishing a middle ear cholesteatoma from otitis media and neoplasia. In otitis media, enlargement of the tympanic cavity is not routinely observed. In tumors that primarily affect the middle or inner ear, the predominant signs are lysis of the contour of the tympanic bulla or the petrosal part of the temporal bone, soft tissue swelling around the middle ear and marked contrast enhancement. In tumors that arise from the external ear, a soft tissue mass is visible within the external acusticus meatus, and the middle ear is only involved secondarily. 相似文献
19.
20.
John T. Hathcock DVM MS Joseph C. Newton DVM PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):214-217
Computed tomography (CT) images of nine dogs with a multilobular tumor of bone of the head were reviewed. The CT characteristics of the neoplasms involving the calvarium (n = 7) were rounded, well defined with a fine granular, nonhomogeneous bone opacity usually in the occipital region. Cranial vault invasion (5 of 7) was commonly found with a significant portion of the mass within the vault. The neoplasms involving the zygomatic arch (n = 2) were also generally rounded and well defined but with a more coarse granular appearance. The common CT findings were best seen when the images were viewed in a bone window. 相似文献