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植物响应盐碱胁迫的机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤盐碱化对农林业生产和发展的影响日渐严重,已经成为全球范围内所面临的重大环境问题。研究盐碱胁迫的危害以及植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制,有助于挖掘植物耐盐碱基因,选育耐盐碱品种,改良盐碱地,提高农作物的产量,扩大园林植物的栽培应用。盐、碱实际上是两种不同的非生物胁迫,碱胁迫在盐胁迫的基础上还增加了高pH胁迫,其危害程度较盐胁迫更深。本综述分析了土壤盐渍化现状,盐碱胁迫对植物产生的渗透胁迫、离子毒害、高pH伤害、活性氧胁迫等危害,从渗透调节物质的合成、离子的吸收转运与pH调节、增强抗氧化酶活性及内源激素响应等方面阐述了植物耐盐碱的生理机制;从盐碱胁迫的信号转导、转录因子调控响应及抗盐碱相关基因的表达等方面梳理了植物耐盐碱的分子机制。最后对植物适应盐碱胁迫的研究方向及多组学联合分析在全面研究植物抗盐碱机制中的应用作出了展望。 相似文献
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树木耐盐碱育种研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了选育出更多的抗盐碱性的新树木种类,综述了树木耐盐碱性的鉴定指标,国内外利用常规育种技术和现代生物技术在树木耐盐碱育种方面的主要进展,并指出树木耐盐碱育种中存在的问题和研究方向,发现盐碱胁迫对树木生长的影响极为复杂,基因工程育种还存在诸多问题,分子辅助育种应用较少,今后还需加强树木耐盐碱性的遗传规律及树木分子育种的研究,旨在为树木耐盐碱性鉴定及耐盐碱树木新品种的选育提供参考,以期更为有效地提高盐碱地区森林的生态效益。 相似文献
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吉林省西部不同利用方式苏打盐碱土的缓冲性能研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文旨在研究吉林省西部不同利用方式的苏打盐碱土壤对酸的缓冲性能及其影响因素,进而为来源充足、成本低廉、营养特性优越的水稻育苗床土开发、改良提供理论依据。结果表明：不同利用方式苏打盐碱土壤对酸的缓冲性强弱顺序是：新水田>老水田>旱田>林地>盐化草甸土。在影响土壤酸缓冲性的诸因素中,碱化度与碳酸钙含量起主导作用。 相似文献
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采用无土培养方式,对24个油葵品种进行盐碱和非盐碱处理,测定株高、茎粗、根长、根鲜重、地上鲜重等农艺性状,进行隶属函数、聚类分析以及秩的相关性分析,对24个油用向日葵品种进行抗盐碱性能的综合评价.结果表明:聚类分析将24个油葵品种在苗期的抗盐碱性分为三大类,抗盐碱品种7个,敏盐碱品种6个,介于中间的11个;隶属函数分析表明,YK 08的耐盐碱能力最强,其次是YK 11;YK 01和YK 02的耐盐碱性最弱;秩的相关性分析表明,株高、茎粗、根长、根鲜重、地上鲜重与抗盐碱性呈极显著正相关,可以作为评价油葵苗期抗盐碱能力大小的指标. 相似文献
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转BADH基因小麦的水分生理特性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
我国的干旱、半干旱灌溉地区均有不同程度的盐碱危害 ,有的地区已成为限制农作物种植的主要因素。目前我国的干旱盐碱地达 36 6 7万ｈｍ2 ,且由于灌溉不当 ,一些地区盐碱化土壤面积有不断扩大的趋势 ,成为我国农业发展的一大障碍。近几年的小麦育种中 ,多数育种者将育种目标定为高产、早熟和优质 ,而对抗旱、耐盐碱材料的选育重视不够。从扩大干旱盐碱地区的小麦种植面积和提高该地区小麦产量的途径看 ,种植抗旱耐盐碱品种是最经济有效的措施。利用生物技术手段转育抗旱、耐盐碱基因于当前推广的优良品种中 ,是培育耐盐碱材料的有效途径。1… 相似文献
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盐碱胁迫对不同水稻材料苗期生长特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
【研究目的】为探明水稻苗期耐盐碱特性的生理机制,建立适合江苏滩涂地区简易有效耐盐碱鉴定方法;【方法】以18个不同的粳稻、籼稻以及杂交稻材料作为供试材料,研究人工盐碱处理下,水稻的发芽率、苗高、苗的干物质重以及主根和侧根等生长特性;【结果】研究表明：盐碱处理下,供试水稻品种的生理指标存在显著差异。与粳型水稻材料相比,在盐碱处理下,籼型水稻材料的发芽率低,干物质累积少,主根生长受抑制,而且侧根发根也较少,表现为对盐碱胁迫更为敏感。而杂交稻材料表现则不一致,杂交稻汕优63和两优培九的耐盐碱特性表现处于籼稻和粳稻之间,而杂交稻粤优938的盐碱特性则比籼型水稻材料更为敏感。【结论】经显著性分析,在盐碱处理下,不同水稻品种的发芽率和侧根数目分别在0.01和0.05差异水平,可作为苗期水稻盐碱特性鉴定的重要生理指标。 相似文献
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为探究盐碱胁迫对甘蓝型油菜的生理及分子机制的影响,以甘蓝型油菜华油杂62为试验材料,对油菜种子及幼苗进行不同浓度的复合盐、复合碱及复合盐碱溶液处理,测定种子的发芽率以及甘蓝型油菜叶片中叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、抗氧化酶活性等生理指标,以高效液相色谱法测定油菜叶片中甜菜碱积累量,利用qRT-PCR技术对甜菜碱合成途径中的关键酶基因胆碱单加氧酶基因(CMO)进行分析。结果表明,人工模拟的不同浓度盐碱溶液中,对种子萌发的伤害程度大小表现为复合盐碱>碱>盐;低浓度盐碱溶液促进油菜叶片叶绿素形成,高浓度盐碱溶液抑制叶绿素形成;盐碱胁迫显著提高了脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量,高盐碱溶液(YJ75,含盐碱75 mmol/L)处理21 d,脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量分别为对照组的65.99,5.21倍;盐碱胁迫增加了丙二醛的含量;盐碱胁迫显著提高了过氧化物酶(POD)活性,与对照组相比,高盐碱(YJ75)溶液处理21 d后的POD含量提高了2.26倍,在复合盐与复合碱处理第14天,POD含量达到最高值,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化规律不明显,且在盐胁迫过程中发挥作... 相似文献
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为了探索非生物胁迫下硅对辣椒Ca MADS-box基因表达的影响,以豫椒101为材料,在对辣椒Ca MADS-box基因片段同源克隆的基础上,对其编码的部分蛋白进行氨基酸同源性分析、理化性质预测、亚细胞定位预测和进化树分析,探讨了硅处理后辣椒Ca MADS-box基因在高温胁迫、盐胁迫下表达量的变化,结果表明,克隆得到的Ca MADSbox基因所编码的蛋白为亲水性蛋白,含有MADS结构域,属于MADS基因家族,亚细胞定位在细胞核中,分子进化树表明其与茄属和烟草属亲缘关系最近,相似性达到67%。荧光定量分析表明,Ca MADS-box基因在高温胁迫和盐胁迫后表达量都呈现出先升高后下降的模式,高温胁迫下48 h达到峰值,而盐胁迫在24 h达到峰值,硅处理能够诱导Ca MADS-box基因表达,在高温胁迫和盐胁迫下都在12 h达到高峰值,这表明Ca MADS-box是一个硅快速响应基因,推测硅处理在缓解辣椒高温胁迫和盐胁迫等非生物胁迫方面具有重要作用。 相似文献
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中林美荷杨具有生长速度快、扦插成活率高及木材材质好等优点,因而倍受欢迎,是西部大开发重点推广的绿化造林树种。为提高该树种的耐盐性,充分适应西北广大地区干旱盐碱地,将小麦耐盐基因TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,以提高其的耐盐性。采用叶片和叶柄作为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法,将TaNHX2导入中林美荷杨基因组中,对所获得的杨树转基因植株进行PCR和Southern blotting分析,结果表明TaNHX2基因多以单拷贝整合到受体基因组中。转基因幼苗经过不同浓度的NaCl胁迫处理,表现出一定的耐盐性。中林美荷杨耐盐株系的获得为该树种绿化造林的推广和丰产提供了保障。 相似文献
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盐胁迫下陆地棉耐盐品种根系的抑制消减文库构建 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
采用抑制消减(SSH)杂交技术构建了陆地棉耐盐品种中棉所35在盐(0.4%NaCl)胁迫后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d的混合SSH文库。文库质量检测表明,差减杂交效率较高,质量较好。随机挑选200个阳性克隆进行测序,获得160余条高质量的表达序列标签（EST）。对序列进行BLAST比对及功能注释,其中有62条unigene 未获得同源性匹配, 42条与未知功能的序列同源性较高;其余56条功能已知的unigene中,与抗逆直接相关的基因有14个,占8.8%,参与新陈代谢及信号转导的基因有11条和10条, 分别占6.9%和6.3%,参与转录调控的基因8条,占5.0%。最后,对这些基因在盐胁迫中的作用进行了注释与讨论。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜盐胁迫下幼苗鲜重和干重QTL定位及候选基因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
盐胁迫是非生物胁迫中影响作物产量的一个主要因素,利用分子标记方法选育油菜耐盐品种对提高油菜产量具有重要意义。选用来自GH06与P174杂交后通过单粒传法连续自交获得的高世代重组自交系群体,以含16 g L–1Na Cl的Hoagland溶液培养幼苗进行盐胁迫处理25 d后,分别测定叶和根的鲜重及干重,根据已构建的高密度SNP遗传连锁图谱进行QTL定位,在QTL物理区间筛选耐盐相关基因并以极端表型材料进行q RT-PCR分析。采用复合区间作图法(CIM),在对照和盐胁迫处理中共检测到19个QTL,其中与盐胁迫相关的有6个,可解释的表型变异7.16%~16.15%,分布在A02、A04和C03染色体上,将QTL置信区间序列和拟南芥中与盐胁迫相关的基因比对分析,共找到8个候选基因。对其中4个候选基因在极端表型材料中的表达分析表明,BnaA02g14680D与BnaA02g14490D基因在盐胁迫处理后的48 h或72 h表达量均高于对照组,即基因的表达由盐胁迫引起,而BnaC03g64030D在敏感型材料中的相对表达量高于在耐盐型材料中,BnaC03g62830D在敏感型材料中没有明显变化,但在耐盐型材料中呈现先升高后降低的表达特征,其表达可能会增强植株对盐胁迫的耐受力。本研究为油菜耐盐基因功能挖掘和油菜耐盐品种选育奠定基础。 相似文献
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为了筛选出耐盐性较强的藜麦品种并为苗期耐盐性鉴定提供参考,以3个不同的藜麦品种为试验材料,在盐胁迫下用测量法测定其相关生长指标,紫外分光光度计法测定叶绿素含量,电导法测定相对离子渗透率,并利用实时荧光定量PCR法比较了耐盐基因CqNHX1的相对表达量。结果表明,NaCl胁迫下SQ1株高降幅较小,生物量有所增加,相对离子渗透率几乎不变,且CqNHX1a和CqNHX1b表达量均极显著升高,说明SQ1在高盐环境下能正常生长;SQ34的株高和叶绿素含量均显著降低,生物量保持不变,而CqNHX1a和CqNHX1b表达量均显著升高;QQ61的根冠比和叶绿素含量极显著下降,相对离子渗透率极显著升高,CqNHX1a和CqNHX1b呈下调表达,说明该品种耐盐性较弱。藜麦品种间耐盐性存在显著差异,耐盐性强弱为：SQ1 > SQ34 > QQ61,SQ1作为高耐盐品种,可在盐碱地进一步推广种植。 相似文献
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为明确大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂基因(KTI1)在不同逆境、ABA条件下及大豆不同组织中的表达方式,本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测,结果表明KTI1基因受低温、盐、干旱和ABA诱导,分别在处理10、5、24和1 h时获得诱导最高值,相对表达量分别是未处理的288.65,274.35,136.04和56.48倍;KTI1基因在大豆种子中的表达量相对较高,叶中的表达量为1时,种子中的表达量为8.70。根据大豆基因组序列,扩增KTI1基因ATG上游启动子序列1 831 bp;生物信息学预测分析表明启动子中存在多种常出现在逆境胁迫诱导型启动子中的顺式调控元件,推测大豆KTI1基因启动子可能是受低温、盐、干旱和ABA诱导的诱导型启动子。本研究为进一步研究和应用大豆KTI1基因及其启动子提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of high temperatures during seed filling on the alkaloid content of narrow-leaf lupin cultivars. Six cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius were grown in field experiments under different weather conditions in four subsequent years. A high content of alkaloids was found in the seeds harvested in 2006, in which the growing season was characterized by high ambient temperatures during seed filling. A second experiment was performed in the green house at different temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) using one cultivar in 2006. This experiment confirmed the results of the field experiments as higher temperatures resulted in a higher alkaloid content of the seeds. In a third temperature stress experiment, three cultivars were grown under long day conditions at day/night temperatures of 30 °C/16 °C and 20 °C/16 °C in growth chambers in comparison with an outdoor control at mean temperatures of 15.5 °C. Like in the other experiments, the seed alkaloid content increased with rising temperature. From these results, it may be concluded that the seed alkaloid content is strongly influenced by the temperature during initiation of flowering up to pod ripening. This has to be taken into account e.g. in trials for cultivar release in which the alkaloid content is a knock-out criterion. 相似文献
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Summary Inter and intraspecific variation was analyzed in two Catharanthus species with regard to isozyme polymorphism and indole alkaloid content in roots and leaves. No significant differences in alkaloid production were observed in three groups of C. roseus plants individualized for their flower color. Conversely, comparisons between C. trichophyllus and C. roseus, showed large differences of alkaloid profiles in both roots and leaves. Specific isozyme markers on four presumed loci were found allowing us to establish that natural hybridizations could occur between the two species when grown together. Experimental hybridizations confirmed that introgressions were feasiblebut suggested that a reproductive barrier was acting and involved interspecific incompatibility. The identification and assay of the main alkaloid compounds in natural interspecific hybrids displayed such a high hybrid vigor that interspecific hybridization may present a new and successful way of improving alkaloid production in Catharanthus species. 相似文献
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[Objective] Maintaining intracellular ion homeostasis is one of the important salt-tolerant mechanisms of crops. This study aims to analyze differences in response characteristics of cotton ionome and salt-tolerant gene expression under different saline-alkali stresses, which provides a basis for understanding the mechanism of salt tolerance and improving salt tolerance of cotton. [Method] Using Lumianyan 24 as the experimental material, three kinds of salt and alkali stress types (salt stress, alkali stress, and mixed salt-alkali stress) and two concentration gradients (low and high concentrations) were set under pot cultivation conditions. Meanwhile, non-saline-alkali stress treatment was set as control. The dry matter weight of cotton plants and root morphological parameters including root length, root surface area, and root volume were measured in this study. The concentrations of 13 elements such as P, Na, K, Ca and Mg in different organs of cotton plants were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The relative expressions of salt tolerance related genes GhDFR1, GhSOS1, GhNHX1 and GhAKT1 were determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. [Result] 1) Salt and alkali stresses significantly inhibited cotton growth. The growth inhibition rate of cotton under mixed salt-alkali stress treatments (48.7%–57.9%) was significantly higher than that under salt stress (27.6%–49.9%) and alkali stress (21.2%–35.5%) treatments. Under salt stress and mixed salt-alkali stress treatments, both shoot and root growth of cotton were significantly inhibited, dry matter weight, root length, root surface area and root volume were significantly reduced, while root growth was less inhibited under alkali stress treatments. 2) Under three types of saline-alkali stresses, Na content and Mo content in different organs of cotton plant increased significantly, but N content in leaves and roots decreased. 3) Under salt stress treatments, the uptake of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn in cotton was inhibited, and the ion balance was maintained by promoting the transport of these ions and P, K. 4) In addition to Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn, P uptake was also inhibited under alkali stress treatments, but K uptake and P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn transport were promoted. 5) Under mixed salt-alkali stress treatments, especially under high salinity and pH conditions, most of nutrients uptake was inhibited, and the transport capacity of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe was reduced. 6) The relative expression of GhSOS1 and GhAKT1 genes increased significantly under salt stress treatments, but increased first and then decreased under alkali stress and mixed salt-alkali stress treatments. The relative expression levels of GhSOS1 and GhAKT1 genes under three types of saline-alkali stresses were alkali＞salt＞mixed saline-alkali stress. With the increase of soil salinity and pH value, the relative expression of GhNHX1 gene increased first and then decreased. The expression levels of GhNHX1 gene were salt＞alkali＞mixed salt-alkali stress. [Conclusion] Due to high salinity and pH value, mixed salt-alkali stress significantly inhibits cotton growth and ions uptake, which restricts the transport of P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and Fe. The decrease of K and Na regulation ability leads to ions imbalance. 相似文献