共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
M. N. Inagaki W. H. Pfeiffer M. Mergoum A. Mujeeb-Kazi A. J. Lukaszewski 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(4):387-389
With the aim of producing polyhaploids of hexaploid triticale, 20 genotypes from a CIMMYT breeding programme and eight D-genome chromosome substitution lines of ‘Rhino’ were crossed with maize. In crosses between 20 triticale genotypes and maize, 15 lines produced embryos. Frequencies of embryo formation ranged from 0.0 to 5.4%, with an average of 1.1%. From a total of 200 pollinated spikes, 62 plants were regenerated. Most regenerated plants were polyhaploids with 21 chromosomes, and few aneuhaploids with 22 chromosomes were found. In crosses of triticale substitution lines with maize, all the lines produced embryos, while ‘Rhino’ produced no embryos at all. Higher frequencies of embryo formation were obtained in substitution lines with chromosomes 2D and 4D. These results suggest that D-genome chromosomes in a triticale genetic background have the effect of increasing the frequency of polyhaploid production in triticale x maize crosses. 相似文献
2.
Using monosomic lines of wheat cultivars ‘Palur’ and ‘Compal’ as recipient parents as well as disomic substitution lines of chromosomes 5A and 5D of the wheat cv. ‘Atlas 66’, F3-populations and BC1′- to BC3′-populations with limited and free recombination of the 20 and 21 parental chromosomes, respectively, were realized and tested in field trials in comparison to the corresponding recipient cvs. ‘Palur’ and ‘Compal’. F3- and BC'-populations with the homozygous chromosomes 5A and 5D of the wheat cv. ‘Atlas 66’ expressed higher and more stable grain protein values than the comparable populations with free recombination of the same chromosomes. The grain protein content of populations with limited recombination was significantly increased compared with the recipient cultivars. Some advantages of using intervarietal substitutions in wheat breeding are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Q. Chen F. Eudes R. L. Conner R. Graf A. Comeau J. Collin F. Ahmad R. Zhou H. Li Y. Zhao A. Laroche 《Plant Breeding》2001,120(5):375-380
Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab), caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, is a serious and damaging disease of wheat. Although some hexaploid wheat lines express a good level of resistance to FHB, the resistance available in hexaploid wheat has not yet been transferred to durum wheat. A germplasm collection of Triticum durum× alien hybrid lines was tested as a potential source of resistance to FHB under controlled conditions. Their FHB reaction was evaluated in three tests against conidial suspensions of three strains of F. graminearum at the flowering stage. Two T. durum×Thinopyrum distichum hybrid lines, ‘AFR4’ and ‘AFR5′, expressed a significantly higher level of resistance to the spread of FHB than other durum‐alien hybrid lines and a resistant common wheat line ‘Nyu‐Bay’. Genomic in situ hybridization using total genomic DNA from alien grass species demonstrated that ‘AFR5’ had 13 or 14 alien genome chromosomes plus 27 or 28 wheat chromosomes, while ‘AFR4’ had 22 alien genome and 28 wheat chromosomes. All of the alien chromosomes present in these two lines belonged to the J genome. ‘AFR5’ is likely to be more useful as a source of FHB resistance than ‘AFR4’ because of its relatively normal meiotic behaviour, high fertility and fewer number of alien chromosomes. ‘AFR5’ shows good potential as a source for transferring FHB resistance gene into wheat. The development of T. durum addition lines carrying resistance genes from ‘AFR5’ is underway. 相似文献
4.
An interspecific hybrid involving Pennisetum americanum (2 n = 14) and a diploid cytotype of P. orientale (2 n = 18) was backcrossed to P. americanum using the hybrid (2 n = 16, 7‘A’+ 9 ‘O’) as the female parent. Pollen mother cells of 13 BC1 plants contained a complement of 14‘A’+ 9 ‘O’ chromosomes. Five BC2 plants obtained through further backcrossing to P. americanum had 21‘A’+ 9 ‘O’ chromosomes revealing another addition of the P. americanum genome. The role of such recurrent additions of parental genomes in the evolution of polyploid species has been discussed. 相似文献
5.
High Frequencies of Fertilization and Haploid Seedling Production in Crosses Between Commercial Hexaploid Wheat Varieties and Maize 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Nineteen commercial hexaploid wheat varieties were crossed with the maize F1 hybrid ‘Seneca 60’. Fertilization frequencies ranged from 32.1 % to 47.5 % of pollinated florets (mean 39.5 %) in the 14 winter wheat varieties and from 40.7 % to 51.4 % (mean 47.8 %) in the five spring wheat varieties. In some cases only an endosperm was formed and the frequencies of embryo formation were therefore slightly lower, being 28.2 % to 45.9 % (mean 36.4 %) for winter wheats and 39.8 % to 48.6 % (mean 45.1 %) for spring wheats. Mean values were significantly higher in the spring wheats but no significant variation was found between varieties within the spring or winter categories. In the five spring wheats the mean yield of embryos, and hence the potential yield of haploid plants, was 3.4-fold higher than with the tetraploid Hordeum bulbosum clone PB179. For the 14 winter wheats the figure was 10.9-fold higher. These differences were highly significant (p < 0.001) in all varieties. A single 2,4-D treatment given to spikes one day after pollination with maize enabled embryos to be recovered from all 19 varieties. A total of 311 embryos were recovered from 950 florets (an average of 7.3 embryos per spike) of which 191 germinated, giving an average yield of one haploid plant for every 5.0 florets pollinated (4.4 haploid plants per spike). 相似文献
6.
Influence of genotype and culture medium on callus formation and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Triticum turgidum Desf. cultivars 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Twelve durum wheat cultivars were evaluated for their response to in vitro tissue culture. Zygotic immature embryos were used to induce callus formation using four different Murashige and Skoog‐based media. Each contained 9.05 μM 2,4‐dichlorophenoxy acetic acid but differed in their carbon source (sucrose or maltose) and the presence of NaCl (0 mM or 40 mM). The influence of both genotype and medium on the type and percentage of callus produced was observed. Calli were either compact and frequently embryogenic, or soft and watery. Percentages ranged from 54 to 100%, depending upon genotype and induction medium. All calli were then plated on a regeneration medium containing 20 g/l sucrose, 2.68 μM 1‐naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.22 μ 6‐benzylaminopurine. The regeneration of plantlets was higher from compact than from soft calli, with a strong dependence on genotype and type of induction medium used. MSm induction medium (30 g/l maltose) and MS40s (30 g/l sucrose plus 40 mM NaCl) were best for inducing compact calli, and gave the highest proportion of regenerated plants. The in vitro response (number of total shoots from a compact callus/number of embryos plated) was higher for immature embryos of ‘Baztan’, ‘Bradano’ and ‘Don Pedro’. These cultivars are a good starting material for experiments involving transformation of calli from zygotic immature embryos. 相似文献
7.
W. D. Bovill W. Ma K. Ritter B. C. Y. Collard M. Davis G. B. Wildermuth M. W. Sutherland 《Plant Breeding》2006,125(6):538-543
Crown rot (causal agent Fusarium pseudograminearum) is a fungal disease of major significance to wheat cultivation in Australia. A doubled haploid wheat population was produced from a cross between line ‘W21MMT70’, which displays partial seedling and adult plant (field) resistance to crown rot, and ‘Mendos’, which is moderately susceptible in seedling tests but partially resistant in field trials. Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) based on seedling trial data did not reveal markers for crown rot resistance. A framework map was produced consisting of 128 microsatellite markers, four phenotypic markers, and one sequence tagged site marker. To this map 331 previously screened AFLP markers were then added. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified with composite interval mapping across all of the three seedling trials conducted. These QTL are located on chromosomes 2B, 2D and 5D. The 2D and 5D QTL are inherited from the line ‘W21MMT70’, whereas the 2B QTL is inherited from ‘Mendos’. These loci are different from those associated with crown rot resistance in other wheat populations that have been examined, and may represent an opportunity for pyramiding QTL to provide more durable resistance to crown rot. 相似文献
8.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for three traits related to awning (awn length at the base, the middle and the top of the ear) in wheat were mapped in a doubled‐haploid line (DH) population derived from the cross between the cultivars ‘Courtot’ (awned) and ‘Chinese Spring’ (awnless) and grown in Clermont‐Ferrand, France, under natural field conditions. A molecular marker linkage map of this cross that was previously constructed based on 187 DH lines and 550 markers was used for the QTL mapping. The genome was well covered (more than 95%) and a set of anchor loci regularly spaced (one marker every 20.8 cM) was chosen for marker regression analysis. For each trait, only two consistent QTL were identified with individual effects ranging from 8.5 to 45.9% of the total phenotypic variation. These two QTL cosegregated with the genes Hd on chromosome 4A and B2 on chromosome 6B, which are known to inhibit awning. The results were confirmed using ‘Chinese Spring’ deletion lines of these two chromosomes, which have awned spikes, while ‘Chinese Spring’ is usually awnless. No quantitative trait locus was detected on chromosome 5A where the B1 awn‐inhibitor gene is located, suggesting that both ‘Courtot’ and ‘Chinese Spring’ have the same allelic constitution at this locus. The occurrence of awned speltoid spikes on the deletion lines of this chromosome suggests that ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘Courtot’ have the dominant B1 allele, indicating that B1 alone has insufficient effect to induce complete awn inhibition. 相似文献
9.
A PstI-based genomic library from barley DNA was screened for RFLPs in the three relatively-distant cultivars ‘Alexis’ (2-row spring type), ‘Igri’ (2-row winter type) and ‘Mammut’ (6-row winter type), digested with BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII. 50 % of the 108 DNA fragments studied represented single-copy sequences, 29 % low-copy and 21 % repetitive sequences. The DNA probes were assigned to discrete barley chromosomes with the aid of wheat/barley addition lines. 80 % of the single- and low-copy sequences hybridized with both barley and wheat DNA, whereas most repetitive sequences gave signals only with barley DNA. 相似文献
10.
Among the wheatgrasses that are possible sources of genetic resistance for wheat to barley yellow-dwarf-virus disease (BYD) are those that have been commonly subsumed under the name Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. Two of these wheatgrass species are the diploid Lophopymm elongatum (Host) Á. Löve (2n = 2x = 14) and the decaploid L. ponticum (Podp.) Á. Löve (2n = 10x = 70). These two species, the addition and substitution lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and derivatives of hybrids between hexaploid wheat and L. ponticum, were screened for resistance to BYD, as defined by visual symptoms in field-grown plants. The two species, an amphiploid derived from L. elongatumבChinese Spring’ wheat, and the derivatives involving L. ponticum chromosomes were all highly resistant. The substitution and addition lines of L. elongatum chromosomes in ‘Chinese Spring’ revealed that the genetic control of resistance in L. elongatum must be complex, with more than one critical locus involved. Chromosomes 2E and 5E are involved and there are lesser contributions to resistance from the remaining wheatgrass chromosomes. One highly resistant derivative was determined to have only three pairs of L. ponticum chromosomes. It has a wheat-like morphology and shows promise for further characterization. 相似文献
11.
To investigate the effects of individual chromosomes on freezing resistance, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, reciprocal sets of chromosome substitution lines between two hard red winter wheat cultivars, ‘Cheyenne’ and ‘Wichita’, were used in this study. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Two experiments were carried out in complete block designs with two replications for each duplicate. Crown and leaf water content and leaf wet weight were measured in the field experiments. Crown survival, electrolyte leakage and 50% lethality temperature (LT50) were measured in the laboratory. The results showed that ‘Cheyenne’ was more resistant than ‘Wichita’. Crown survival was significantly correlated with crown water content, crown wet weight and electrolyte leakage. Chromosomes 6A, 3B and 5D substituted from ‘Wichita’ into ‘Cheyenne’ (‘CNN‐WI’), decreased the crown survival, and increased membrane stability, crown water content and crown wet weight of ‘Cheyenne’. Thus, these chromosomes from ‘Wichita’ decreased freezing resistance in ‘Cheyenne’. Reciprocally, chromosomes 5A, 5D, 3B and 4D from ‘Cheyenne’ into ‘Wichita’ increased crown survival and decreased crown water content and crown wet weight of ‘Wichita’. It was concluded that these chromosomes from ‘Cheyenne’ cause freezing resistance in ‘Wichita’ and carry freezing‐resistance genes. 相似文献
12.
一个花粉辐射诱导的小麦-簇毛麦相互易位染色体系的分子细胞遗传学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用60Co-γ-射线处理小麦-簇毛麦6V单体添加系花粉，并给中国春授粉，在一个M1单株减数分裂中期Ⅰ检测到一个由2条小麦-簇毛麦易位染色体和一条完整小麦染色体构成的三价体，说明参与易位的2个小麦片段均来自同一条小麦染色体，推测两条易位染色体由相互易位产生。将其中涉及外源大片段的易位染色体称为外源大片段易位（large alien segment translocation, LAST），涉及外源小片段的称为外源小片段易位(small alien segment translocation, SAST)。对后代中两个易位染色体均纯合的植株（LAST’’+SAST’’, 2n = 44）进行顺次C-分带和GISH研究，结果表明外源大片段易位染色体为T7BS-6VS•6VL，外源小片段易位染色体为T6VS-7BS•7BL，易位断点分别位于7B染色体短臂约FL0.60处及6V染色体短臂约FL0.70处。在M2代群体中检测到7种染色体组成类型，比例为3(LAST’’+SAST’’)∶20(LAST’+SAST’)∶2(LAST’’+SAST’)∶1(LAST’+SAST’’)∶1LAST’∶2SAST’∶22(0型)，其中外源大片段和外源小片段易位染色体往往相伴出现。抗病鉴定结果显示抗白粉病基因位于外源大片段易位染色体T7BS-6VS•6VL上。对LAST’+SAST’型（2n = 43）M2代单株花粉母细胞减数分裂的GISH研究结果显示，88.5%的后期Ｉ或末期Ｉ细胞中出现T6VS-7BS•7BL和T7BS-6VS•6VL的共分离。此外，在个别后期Ｉ细胞中观察到外源大片段易位染色体T7BS-6VS•6VL发生落后和着丝粒断裂现象，并在LAST’型单株（2n =42）的自交后代中筛选到一个通过着丝粒断裂-融合产生的外源小片段插入易位T7BL•6VS-7BS，这为利用外源大片段易位进一步创制携带抗病基因的小片段插入易位提供了新的思路。还分别获得了T7BS-6VS•6VL和T6VS-7BS•7BL的纯合易位系。 相似文献
13.
为了提高多色荧光原位杂交(M-FISH)技术的鉴定效率,简化M-FISH操作程序,探索和建立新的M-FISH实验及观察体系,本研究以‘荆辉1号’（普通小麦辉县红-荆州黑麦双二倍体）、‘南农9918’（普通小麦-簇毛麦整臂易位系T6VS.6AL）、‘扬麦22’（普通小麦-簇毛麦整臂易位系T6VS.6DL）以及‘ST5V#4S-1’（普通小麦-簇毛麦小片段易位系）等为试验材料,以2个寡核苷酸探针[(GAA)10、pAs1-1]和物种基因组DNA探针作混合探针进行M-FISH分析。结果表明在一次原位杂交中同时使用3种探针,既可以识别出小麦背景中所有的外源染色体或染色体片段,又可以根据(GAA)10和pAs1-1在染色体上的杂交信号分布精确鉴定出小麦和外源染色体（片段）的具体身份。这种改进的M-FISH技术可有效用于小麦及其近缘植物染色体的鉴定,并有助于快速构建物种基于FISH的分子核型。 相似文献
14.
QTL for yield, yield components and canopy temperature depression in wheat under late sown field conditions 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
R. Esten Mason Dirk B. Hays Suchismita Mondal Amir M. H. Ibrahim Bhoja R. Basnet 《Euphytica》2013,194(2):243-259
A wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield, yield components, and canopy temperature depression (CTD) under field conditions. The RIL population, consisting of 118 lines derived from a cross between the stress tolerant cultivar ‘Halberd’ and heat stress sensitive cultivar ‘Karl92’, was grown under optimal and late sown conditions to impose heat stress. Yield and yield components including biomass, spikes m?2, thousand kernel weight, kernel weight and kernel number per spike, as well as single kernel characteristics were determined. In addition, CTD was measured during both moderate (32–33 °C) and extreme heat stress (36–37 °C) during grain-filling. Yield traits showed moderate to high heritability across environments with a large percentage of the variance explained by genetic effects. Composite interval mapping detected 25 stable QTL for the 15 traits measured, with the amount of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranging from 3.5 to 27.1 %. Two QTL for both yield and CTD were co-localized on chromosomes 3BL and 5DL and were independent of phenological QTL. At both loci, the allele from Halberd was associated with both higher yield and a cooler crop canopy. The QTL on 3BL was also pleiotropic for biomass, spikes m?2, and heat susceptibility index. This region as well as other QTL identified in this study may serve as potential targets for fine mapping and marker assisted selection for improving yield potential and stress adaptation of wheat. 相似文献
15.
Substituting Ability of Individual Barley Chromosomes for Wheat Chromosomes 1. Substitutions Involving Barley Chromosomes 1, 3 and 6 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to determine the genetic relatedness of individual barley chromosomes to wheat chromosomes, ‘Betzes’ barley chromosomes 1, 3 and 6 were substituted for individual ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat chromosomes of homoeologous groups 7, 3 and 6, respectively. The substitution status of these lines has been confirmed using isozyme selective markers, chromosome pairing behaviour in F1 hybrids between the substitution lines and the appropriate double ditelocentric stocks of wheat, and hybridization of cDNA probes to the genomic DNA digests of these substitution lines. Each of the three barley chromosomes provided genetic compensation for the wheat chromosomes they replaced in the substitution plants. From the basis of this compensation with respect to plant vigour and fertility, barley chromosomes 1, 3 and 6 have been designated 7H, 3H and 6H. 相似文献
16.
小麦穗发芽使小麦的产量大幅度降低,严重影响小麦的加工品质,而西南麦区一直是小麦穗发芽的重发区。为了在历史小麦品种(系)中鉴定出抗穗发芽的种质材料,本研究以来自西南麦区的87份小麦主推品种及后备品系为研究材料,利用PM19、Vp1B3两种抗穗发芽候选基因进行分子标记,为抗穗发芽育种提供种质资源。结果表明,在87份小麦中有4份含有PM-19A1a基因,分别是科成4号、兴0217、蜀麦1763、SW 1747;有9份含有Vp-1Bb基因,分别是黔麦0504、16092、绵麦303、内麦366、川麦604、BL 5002、BL 6007、2017 P 4-2、SW 1747。 相似文献
17.
为加快‘周麦’品种赤霉病抗性改良,利用当地主栽‘周麦’品种（系）‘周麦22号’、‘周麦32号’、‘周11550’为母本,‘宁麦9号’、‘生选6号’、‘扬麦21号’等长江中下游地区抗赤霉病材料为父本配制一系列杂交组合,经过选择获得621份F3~F6后代材料。在田间选用来源于江苏和河南两地不同的赤霉病菌株,通过单花滴注法接种小穗进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,同时利用抗赤霉病主效基因Fhb1紧密连锁的诊断性标记His-InDel对后代材料进行分子检测。结果表明,江苏的赤霉病菌株接种后代材料田间鉴定为高抗和中抗的占总数的23.9%,而河南的赤霉病菌株感染后代材料田间鉴定为高抗和中抗占比为35.1%,说明后代材料的赤霉病抗性比感病亲本有明显的改良,而且材料对江苏的赤霉菌菌株的抗性比河南的赤霉菌菌株的抗性低。分子检测结果显示,携带Fhb1和不携带Fhb1的材料之间赤霉病抗性差异极显著。这表明利用Fhb1基因分子标记辅助选择技术可用于改良‘周麦’品种的赤霉病抗性。 相似文献
18.
The aim of this work was to establish an in vitro regeneration system from anther cultures of different German varieties of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Using ‘Nandu’ the most widely grown spring wheat cultivar in Germany, different culture conditions were investigated with regard to their influence on anther culture response. The best results were obtained when applying a cold pretreatment to the donor spikes and using the synthetic L3 induction medium, liquid or solidified with gelrite. The highest rates obtained in these experiments with ‘Nandu’ were 8.6% responding anthers, 22.3% embryoid induction, 15.3% albino regeneration and 5.5% green plant regeneration (all rates related to the number of cultured anthers). Of the ‘Nandu’ plants analysed, 51.1% were haploid and 44.3% were diploid, probably as a consequence of spontaneous chromosome doubling. When screening a further 16 commercial German varieties of spring wheat, 10 exhibited good anther culture response and four of these (‘Eta’‘Jondolar’, ‘Mieka’, and ‘Star’) proved to be highly responsive, reaching embryoid induction rates between 4.3 and 10.3% and rates of green plant regeneration between 5.4 and 10.7%. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present study was to produce backcross progenies in a new winter wheat (‘Asakaze komugi’) × winter barley (‘Manas’) hybrid produced in Martonvasar. As no backcross seeds were obtained from the initial hybrids, young inflorescences of the hybrids were used for in vitro multiplication in three consecutive cycles until a backcross progeny was developed. The chromosome constitution of the regenerated hybrids was analysed using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) after each in vitro multiplication cycle. The seven barley chromosomes were present even after the third in vitro multiplication cycle but abnormalities were observed. Sixteen BC; plants containing, according to GfSH analysis, one to three complete barley chromosomes, two deletion barley chromosomes and a dicentric wheat‐barley translocation were grown to maturity from the single backcross progeny. The barley chromatin was identified using 20 chromosome‐specific barley SSR markers. All seven barley chromosomes were represented in the BC: plants. A deletion breakpoint at FL ±0,3 on the 5HL chromosome arm facilitated the physical localization of microsatellite markers. 相似文献
20.
A hybrid between an induced tetraploid of Hordeum chilense (2n = 28 = HchHchHchHch) and Triticum aestivum var. ‘Chinese Spring’ (2n = 42 = AABBDD) has been produced to test gene effects of this wild barley on homoeologous pairing in wheat. Cytological investigations in metaphase I have shown that the hybrid, which is perennial like H. chilense but morphologically more similar to the wheat parent, possesses the expected genome composition HchHch ABD and a stable euploid chromosome number of 2n = 35. Pairing among the homologous H. chilense chromosomes was almost complete. The level of non-homologous chromosome association proved to be lower than the range of pairing known from euhaploids of ‘Chinese Spring’. 相似文献