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1.
春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为促进国外种质资源在我国的有效利用,将14个国家的100份代表性小麦品种在国内的8个代表性地点种植,调查抽穗期、成熟期和株高,并以4个春化基因(Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3)、1个光周期基因(Ppd-D1a)及2个矮秆基因(Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b)的分子标记检测所有品种的基因型。春化基因Vrn-A1a、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和vrn-A1+vrn-B1+ vrn-D1的分布频率分别为8.0%、21.0%、21.0%和64.0%;显性等位变异Vrn-A1a、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1主要存在于来自中国春麦区及意大利、印度、加拿大、墨西哥和澳大利亚的品种中,这些品种一般为春性类型;春化位点均为隐性等位变异或vrn-A1+vrn-D1+Vrn-B1的品种主要分布在中国冬麦区、美国冬麦区、俄罗斯冬麦区,以及英国、法国、德国、罗马尼亚、土耳其和匈牙利,这些地区的小麦均为冬性类型。秋播时,供试品种均能正常抽穗,且携带春化显性变异的材料较隐性类型抽穗早,显性等位变异表现加性效应,4个春化位点均为隐性变异的一些欧美材料因抽穗太晚在杨凌和成都不能正常成熟;而春播时,显性等位变异基因型抽穗的频率高,隐性等位变异基因型基本不能抽穗。光周期不敏感基因Ppd-D1a的分布频率为68.0%,主要分布在中国、法国、罗马尼亚、俄罗斯、墨西哥、澳大利亚和印度,而光周期敏感等位变异Ppd-D1b主要分布在英国、德国、匈牙利和加拿大等中高纬度地区;携带Ppd-D1a的品种较携带Ppd-D1b的品种抽穗早,大多数Ppd-D1a品种在长日照和短日照条件下均能成熟,大部分Ppd-D1b品种在短日照条件下不能成熟。Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b基因的分布频率分别为43.0%和35.0%,其中Rht-B1b主要分布于美国、罗马尼亚、土耳其、意大利、墨西哥和澳大利亚,Rht-D1b主要分布于中国、德国、英国、意大利和印度。一般来说,一个国家的品种携带Rht-B1b或Rht-D1b之一,而这2个基因在高纬度地区分布频率较低。Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Ppd-D1a的降秆作用均达显著水平,Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b的加性效应突出。 相似文献
2.
春化和光周期基因等位变异在23个国家小麦品种中的分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为促进国外资源在我国小麦育种中的有效利用,以小麦春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3及光周期位点Ppd-D1标记对23个国家的755份品种检测,同时在河南安阳秋播,观察抽穗期和成熟期。分子标记检测结果表明,Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和vrn-A1+vrn-B1+ vrn-D1的分布频率分别为13.0%、21.1%、15.6%和64.2%,显性等位变异Vrn-B3在检测材料中缺失。春化基因显性等位变异Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1主要分布在中国春麦区和长江中上游冬麦区、意大利、印度、日本、加拿大、墨西哥、智利、阿根廷和澳大利亚,上述地区的小麦一般为春性类型;春化位点均为隐性等位变异或vrn-A1+vrn-D1+Vrn-B1的品种主要分布在中国北方、美国中部和南部、德国、法国、挪威、乌克兰、俄罗斯、伊朗、土耳其、匈牙利、保加利亚、罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚,这些地区的小麦为冬性类型。光周期迟钝型Ppd-D1a的分布频率为55.2%。光周期敏感等位变异Ppd-D1b主要分布在纬度较高的地区,即美国各麦区以及德国、挪威、匈牙利、中国东北、加拿大、智利和阿根廷,来自其余麦区的品种均携带光周期迟钝等位变异Ppd-D1a;携带Ppd-D1a的品种在河南安阳大部分能够成熟,而携带Ppd-D1b的品种在河南安阳基本不能成熟。在安阳春化显性等位变异Vrn-A1a未加速小麦抽穗,而携带Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1等位变异的部分春化需求品种能够正常抽穗,主要因安阳生长季节的温度能够满足春化需求。 相似文献
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《种子》2021,(5)
为研究春化和光周期基因在河南省小麦新品种中的分布特点及春化基因与产量性状的关系,以近年河南省冬小麦品种区域试验的118份小麦品种为材料,用STS标记对4个春化基因位点(Vrn-A1,Vrn-B1,Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3)和1个光周期基因位点(Phd-D1)进行检测,并结合供试材料的农艺性状,分析近年来河南省小麦新品种春化基因组成及其与品种的冬春性、苗穗期及产量性状的相关性。结果表明,供试的118份小麦品种在Phd-D1、Vrn-A1、Vrn-B3位点均为隐性等位变异;含有显性等位变异Vrn-B1的品种有9份,其分布频率为7.62%,且均表现为弱春性;含有显性等位变异Vrn-D1的品种有41份,其分布频率为34.7%,这些品种中有21份表现为弱春性;进一步的分析表明,显性等位变异Vrn-D1与苗穗期显著负相关,与产量构成各要素正相关,但未达显著水平;显性等位变异Vrn-B1与产量构成要素中的成穗数和穗粒数负相关,而与千粒重正相关,但均未达显著水平。 相似文献
4.
《分子植物育种》2016,(1)
为了解河南小麦栽培历史上主推小麦品种春化及光周期基因种类及分布特点,采用STS分子标记鉴定了河南小麦栽培历史上主推的43个品种的4种春化基因Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1、Vrn-B3和1个光周期基因Ppd-D1位点的显隐性。结果表明:Vrn-A1、Vrn-B3基因位点均为隐性,Vrn-B1和Vrn-D1显性基因频率分别为7.0%、51.1%,光周期显性基因Ppd-D1a频率为93.0%,研究结果说明河南历史上主推的小麦品种中,隐性春化基因和光周期不敏感的显性基因占主导。鉴定结果还表明,43份品种的春化基因与光周期基因组合有4类,第一类为vrn-A1+Vrn-B1+vrn-D1+vrn-B3+Ppd-D1a;第二类为vrn-A1+vrn-B1+Vrn-D1+vrn-B3+Ppd-D1a;第三类为vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-B3+Vrn-D1+Ppd-D1b;第四类为vrn-A1+vrn-B1+vrn-B3+vrn-D1+Ppd-D1a,其所占频率依次为:7.0%、44.2%、7.0%、41.9%。春性品种至少携带一个显性春化基因Vrn-B1或Vrn-D1,且其光周期基因一定是光周期不敏感基因Ppd-D1a;冬性品种的4个春化基因位点均为隐性或仅含显性春化基因Vrn-D1,光周期敏感的隐性基因Ppd-D1b只在冬性品种中检出。通过鉴定小麦春化基因及光周期基因,我们明确了河南小麦栽培历史上主推品种的春化和光周期基因的种类、组成特点及品种演变趋势,对改良小麦品种适应性具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
5.
中国主要小麦品种春化基因的STS标记鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文选取来自中国各麦区的260份小麦品种,用STS标记对其Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3四个春化基因位点进行检测,并结合小麦田间生长情况记录,探讨春化基因的4个位点显隐性情况对品种冬春性的影响.结果表明,各位点显性基因频率以Vrn-D1位点最高,而Vrn-A1和Vrn-B1显性等位基因对品种冬春性的影响高于Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3基因,且所含显性春化基因越多的品种生长习性越偏向春性.另发现,Vrn-A1仅存在于春性品种中;而对于冬性品种来说,各位点均不含显性春化基因.本文标记鉴定结果与田间冬春性观察具有较高的一致性,在小麦育种及品种推广中具有较高的指导意义和应用价值. 相似文献
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为探讨小麦粒重基因TaCwi-A1等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b在育种实践中的应用价值,首先利用TaCwi-A1功能标记对539份黄淮麦区小麦品种(系)进行分子检测,确定各供试材料的等位变异类型,从而获得TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b 2种等位变异的分布频率。对审定品种、参加区试品系以及自育品系进行了千粒质量(3个不同生长环境)及粒长、粒宽和籽粒面积(1个生长环境)测试分析,比较TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b等位变异籽粒表型性状的差异性。结果表明,在539份黄淮麦区小麦资源中TaCwi-A1a的分布频率为65.03%,TaCwi-A1b的分布频率为34.97%,TaCwi-A1a的分布频率明显高于TaCwi-A1b。籽粒表型性状分析表明,无论是审定品种,还是参加区试品系和自育品系,在3个生长环境下,TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的千粒质量均值都显著高于TaCwi-A1b;TaCwi-A1a基因型材料的粒长和粒宽均显著高于TaCwi-A1b。进一步验证了TaCwi-A1a等位变异的籽粒表型性状增效功能,说明其对粒重及其构成要素是优异的等位变异。此外,本研究鉴定了黄淮麦区中TaCwi-A1等位变异的分布情况,为亲本选配提供了参考。 相似文献
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用STS标记检测春化基因Vrn-A1在中国小麦中的分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在证实Vrn-A1春化基因的STS标记与CAPS标记结果一致的基础上,用STS标记检测了全国主要麦区历史上大面积推广和当前主栽的250份品种的春化基因Vrn-A1。结果表明,中国品种Vrn-A1基因平均分布频率为36.8%,不同麦区的分布频率不同,依次为东北春麦区=北部春麦区=西北春麦区（100%）＞新疆冬春麦区（42.9%）＞西南冬麦区（35.3%）＞黄淮冬麦区（19.8%）＞长江中下游冬麦区（17.4%）＞北部冬麦区（3.0%）,这与冬春特性有关。在长江中下游冬麦区和西南冬麦区品种中,Vrn-A1基因分布频率随着时间推移呈降低趋势;在黄淮冬麦区品种中,20世纪50到70年代呈上升趋势,随后呈下降趋势。在年最大推广面积大于66.7万hm2的58份品种中,Vrn-A1基因的频率为27.6%。这些信息有助于改良小麦品种的适应性和提高产量潜力。 相似文献
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《华北农学报》2015,(4)
小麦的加工品质与低分子量谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)组成息息相关。为了尽快改良黄淮麦区小麦加工品质,应用STS分子标记与SDS-PAGE相结合的方法对小麦低分子量谷蛋白亚基Glu-A3、Glu-B3与Glu-D3位点的等位基因变异类型进行检测。结果表明:黄淮麦区南片356份小麦品种(系)中共检测到15种Glu-3位点等位变异,Glu-A3位点含Glu-A3a、Glu-A3b、Glu-A3c和Glu-A3d共4种等位变异,其分布频率分别为12.1%,13.5%,41.0%,33.4%;GluB3位点含Glu-B3a、Glu-B3b、Glu-B3d、Glu-B3f、Glu-B3g、Glu-B3h、Glu-B3i和Glu-B3j共8种等位变异,其分布频率分别为8.71%,8.99%,23.0%,5.90%,7.30%,3.65%,0.28%,42.1%;Glu-D3位点含Glu-D3a、Glu-D3b和Glu-D3c共3种等位变异,其分布频率分别为40.2%,29.8%,30.0%。等位变异组合Glu-A3c/Glu-B3j/Glu-D3a分布频率最高(10.7%)。通过优质亚基的转育,多个优质亚基的聚合,将有助于改良我国小麦的品质。 相似文献
10.
硬粒小麦品种Lpx-B1位点等位变异的分子鉴定及其脂肪氧化酶活性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
硬粒小麦籽粒中脂肪氧化酶(LOX)与硬粒小麦面制品的加工品质关系密切相关, 而Lpx-B1位点不同变异类型对LOX活性有重要影响。对来自不同国家和地区的167份硬粒小麦品种的LOX活性进行测定, 并对其Lpx-B1位点不同变异类型进行分子鉴定。不同品种间LOX活性差异明显, 变幅为0.20～7.98 AU min-1 g-1。在Lpx-B1.1位点鉴定出3种等位变异, 分别为Lpx-B1.1a、Lpx-B1.1b和Lpx-B1.1c, 以Lpx-B1.1a所占比例最高(55.1%), 其次为Lpx-B1.1c (37.1%), 而Lpx-B1.1b仅占7.8%; Lpx-B1.2和Lpx-B1.3二者总是互补出现在不同的品种中, 146份品种为Lpx-B1.2型, 其余21份品种均为Lpx-B1.3型, 表明二者可能互为一对等位因子。在Lpx-B1.1位点的3种等位变异类型中, Lpx-B1.1b类型品种的LOX活性显著高于Lpx-B1.1a和Lpx-B1.1c类型品种, 而Lpx-B1.1c类型品种的LOX活性最低。Lpx-B1.3类型品种的LOX活性显著高于Lpx-B1.2类型的品种。参试品种共有6种Lpx-B1基因型组合, 其中Lpx-B1.1b/Lpx-B1.3基因型的LOX活性显著高于其他基因型, 而Lpx-B1.1c/Lpx-B1.2和Lpx-B1.1c/Lpx-B1.3基因型的LOX活性最低。这些观测结果为硬粒小麦品质育种提供了重要信息。 相似文献
11.
Masako Seki Makiko Chono Hitoshi Matsunaka Masaya Fujita Shunsuke Oda Katashi Kubo Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe Hisayo Kojima Hidetaka Nishida Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2011,61(4):405-412
The genotypes of photoperiod response genes Ppd-B1 and Ppd-D1 in Japanese wheat cultivars were determined by a PCR-based method, and heading times were compared among genotypes. Most of the Japanese wheat cultivars, except those from the Hokkaido region, carried the photoperiod-insensitive allele Ppd-D1a, and heading was accelerated 10.3 days compared with the Ppd-D1b genotype. Early cultivars with Ppd-D1a may have been selected to avoid damage from preharvest rain. In the Hokkaido region, Ppd-D1a frequency was lower and heading date was late regardless of Ppd-D1 genotype, suggesting another genetic mechanism for late heading in Hokkaido cultivars. In this study, only 11 cultivars proved to carry Ppd-B1a, and all of them carried another photoperiod-insensitive allele, Ppd-D1a. The Ppd-B1a/Ppd-D1a genotype headed 6.7 days earlier than the Ppd-B1b/Ppd-D1a genotype, indicating a significant effect of Ppd-B1a in the genetic background with Ppd-D1a. Early-maturity breeding in Japan is believed to be accelerated by the introduction of the Ppd-B1a allele into medium-heading cultivars carrying Ppd-D1a. Pedigree analysis showed that Ppd-B1a in three extra-early commercial cultivars was inherited from ‘Shiroboro 21’ by early-heading Chugoku lines bred at the Chugoku Agriculture Experimental Station. 相似文献
12.
Masako Seki Makiko Chono Tsutomu Nishimura Mikako Sato Yasuhiro Yoshimura Hitoshi Matsunaka Masaya Fujita Shunsuke Oda Katashi Kubo Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe Hisayo Kojima Hidetaka Nishida Kenji Kato 《Breeding Science》2013,63(3):309-316
The Ppd-A1 genotype of 240 Japanese wheat cultivars and 40 foreign cultivars was determined using a PCR-based method. Among Japanese cultivars, only 12 cultivars, all of which were Hokkaido winter wheat, carried the Ppd-A1a allele, while this allele was not found in Hokkaido spring wheat cultivars or Tohoku-Kyushu cultivars. Cultivars with a photoperiod-insensitive allele headed 6.9–9.8 days earlier in Kanto and 2.5 days earlier in Hokkaido than photoperiod-sensitive cultivars. The lower effect of photoperiod-insensitive alleles observed in Hokkaido could be due to the longer day-length at the spike formation stage compared with that in Kanto. Pedigree analysis showed that ‘Purple Straw’ and ‘Tohoku 118’ were donors of Ppd-A1a and Ppd-D1a in Hokkaido wheat cultivars, respectively. Wheat cultivars recently developed in Hokkaido carry photoperiod-insensitive alleles at a high frequency. For efficient utilization of Ppd-1 alleles in the Hokkaido wheat-breeding program, the effect of Ppd-1 on growth pattern and grain yield should be investigated. Ppd-A1a may be useful as a unique gene source for fine tuning the heading time in the Tohoku-Kyushu region since the effect of Ppd-A1a on photoperiod insensitivity appears to differ from the effect of Ppd-B1a and Ppd-D1a. 相似文献
13.
郑麦9023春化基因VRN-1的组成及表达 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以郑麦9023叶片为材料,利用序列特异性PCR扩增技术克隆了春化基因VRN-1,并通过0~2℃冰箱模拟春化处理0、10、20和30 d,对该基因在一叶期至九叶期叶片中的表达进行了分析。PCR分析表明,VRN-1基因在郑麦9023的A和D基因组中均为隐性,在B基因组中为显性,基因等位类型为vrnA1VrnB1vrnD1。在克隆VRN-A1、VRN-B1和VRN-D1基因序列的基础上,设计了3个等位基因的特异引物,并利用该特异引物进行半定量RT-PCR分析。结果显示,在未经春化处理的条件下,一叶期VRN-A1和VRN-D1均未检测到表达,而VRN-B1已有较低水平的表达;从三叶期开始,3个等位基因都有较高水平的表达,并一直持续至开花期。在春化处理10、20和30 d条件下,VRN-1的3个等位基因在一叶期就出现较高水平的表达,并保持至开花期。 相似文献
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15.
以郑麦9023叶片为材料,利用序列特异性PCR扩增技术克隆了春化基因VRN-1,并通过0~2℃冰箱模拟春化处理0、10、20和30 d,对该基因在一叶期至九叶期叶片中的表达进行了分析。PCR分析表明,VRN-1基因在郑麦9023的A和D基因组中均为隐性,在B基因组中为显性,基因等位类型为vrnA1VrnB1vrnD1。在克隆VRN-A1、VRN-B1和VRN-D1基因序列的基础上,设计了3个等位基因的特异引物,并利用该特异引物进行半定量RT-PCR分析。结果显示,在未经春化处理的条件下,一叶期VRN-A1和VRN-D1均未检测到表达,而VRN-B1已有较低水平的表达;从三叶期开始,3个等位基因都有较高水平的表达,并一直持续至开花期。在春化处理10、20和30 d条件下,VRN-1的3个等位基因在一叶期就出现较高水平的表达,并保持至开花期。 相似文献
16.
T. T. Efremova O. I. Maystrenko V. S. Arbuzova L. I. Laikova G. M. Panina O. M. Popova O. V. Berezova 《Euphytica》2006,151(2):145-153
Ear emergence time and response to vernalization were investigated in 12 alien substitution lines in which a pair of chromosomes 5A of recipient spring wheat cultivars was replaced by a pair of chromosomes 5R of Siberian spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’. The recipients were 12 spring cultivars of common wheat, each carrying different Vrn genes. Spring rye ‘Onokhoiskaya’ had the Sp1 (now called Vrn-R1) gene for spring growth habit located on chromosome 5R, but its expression was weaker. The Vrn-R1 gene had no effect on growth habit, ear emergence time and response to vernalization in wheat-rye substitution lines. Ears emerged significantly later in the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines than in the recipient wheat cultivars with the Vrn-A1/Vrn-B1/vrn-D1 or Vrn-A1/vrn-B1/Vrn-D1 genotypes. No difference in ear emergence time was found between most of the 5R(5A) alien substitution lines and the cultivars carrying the recessive vrn-A1 gene. The presence of the Vrn2a and Vrn2b alleles at the Vrn2 (now called Vrn-B1) locus located on wheat chromosome 5B was confirmed.The replacement of chromosome 5A by chromosome 5R in wheat cultivars ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’, which carries the single dominant gene Vrn-A1, converted them to winter growth habit. In field studies near Novosibirsk the winter hardiness of 5R(5A) wheat–rye substitution lines of ‘Rang’ and ‘Mironovskaya Krupnozernaya’ was increased by 20–47% and 27–34%, respectively, over the recurrent parents. 相似文献
17.
Mohsen Mohammadi Davoud Torkamaneh Elham Mehrazar 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(4):259-265
Understanding the genetic factors governing developmental patterns and flowering time in breeding materials is required for the development of new wheat varieties for a specific environment. Iran is among the largest wheat producers in the arid and semi-arid regions of the Middle East and North Africa. The wheat germplasm grown in Iran is either developed nationally or is introduced from the CIMMYT global wheat program. For decades, the wheat breeding program in Iran focused on generating new varieties better able to grow in the predominant Iranian climatic conditions such as humidity at the reproductive stage, high temperature during reproductive stages (terminal heat stress), moderate temperature during the cropping season, and high probability of frost damage during early stages of growth. There have also been sub-programs aimed at developing drought and salinity-tolerant wheat cultivars in Iran. Knowledge of cultivars’ growth habits in Iran is currently limited to flowering in spring-sown nurseries. We identified allelic diversity in loci involved in vernalization response (Vrn) and photoperiod sensitivity (Ppd) in 60 bread wheat cultivars developed in Iran, CIMMYT, or ICARDA. This study revealed that the spring growth habit observed in most of the cultivars is conferred by a combination of recessive vrn-A1 and dominant Vrn-D1, Vrn-B1, and/or Vrn-B3 loci. This implies that most of the cultivars have minimal vernalization requirements for overwintering. Perhaps cold winters, even in the southern regions of Iran, provide sufficient vernalization conditions for cultivars possessing the recessive vrn-A1 allele. The germplasm investigated in this study revealed no evidence indicating selection for or against any specific Vrn and Ppd allele in our wheat breeding program. 相似文献