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1.
为了探究不同株高、重心高度及基部茎秆性状对水稻抗倒伏能力的影响,以533份水稻核心种质资源为试验材料,在2种栽培条件下,对10个性状进行相关分析和通径分析,结果表明:低株高水稻基部第1节间壁厚和基部抗折力对倒伏指数有协同作用,低株高水稻抗倒伏茎秆性状改良应集中在基部第1节间茎粗、壁厚,高株高水稻倒伏性更易受株高和重心高度的影响,高株高水稻抗倒伏性状改良应集中在基部第2节间茎粗,增强水稻茎秆基部抗折力是提高不同株高水稻抗倒伏能力的途径之一。  相似文献   

2.
Hybrids and planting density are the main factors affecting maize lodging resistance. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of the regulation of maize lodging resistance by comparing two hybrids at various planting densities from the perspective of lignin metabolism. Our results showed that compared to lodging-susceptible hybrid Xundan 20(XD20), lodging-resistant hybrid Denghai 605(DH605) showed a lower center of gravity and culm morphological characteristics that contributed to the higher lodging resistance of this hybrid. Lignin content, activities of key lignin synthesis-related enzymes and G-, S-and H-type monomer contents were significantly higher in hybrid DH605 than in hybrid XD20. Stalk mechanical strength, lignin accumulation and enzyme activity decreased significantly with increasing planting density in the two hybrids. While G-type monomers first decreased with increasing planting density but then remained stable, S-type monomers showed a decreasing trend, and H-type monomers showed an increasing trend. Correlation analysis showed that lodging rate was significantly correlated with plant traits and lignin metabolism. Therefore, maize hybrids characterized by high lignin accumulation, high lignin synthesis-related activities, high S-type monomer content, low center of gravity, high stem puncture strength, high cortical thickness, and small vascular bundle area are more resistant to lodging. High planting densities reduce stalk lignin accumulation, relevant enzyme activities and mechanical strength, thereby, ultimately increasing the lodging rate significantly.  相似文献   

3.
施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理   总被引：28，自引：2，他引：26  
【目的】研究施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其与茎秆形态性状和力学性状的关系及其作用机理,为水稻抗倒高产栽培调控提供依据。【方法】以常规籼稻银晶软占为材料,设置4个氮水平,进行大田试验,研究施氮对水稻茎秆基部节间形态和力学性状的影响及其与倒伏指数的关系。【结果】施氮影响水稻茎秆的形态和力学性状。随着施氮量的增加,株高增加,重心上移,基部节间长度增加,节间充实度下降,抗折力和弹性模量减小,茎秆倒伏指数增加,抗倒伏能力下降。倒伏指数与株高、重心高度及基部节间长度呈正相关,而与基部节间充实度、抗折力及弹性模量呈负相关,且相关系数大多达到显著或极显著水平。倒伏指数与单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,而与结实率和千粒重呈负相关趋势。【结论】株高、重心高度、基部节间长度和基部节间充实度等形态性状,以及弯曲力矩、抗折力等力学性状,是影响水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的主要因素。  相似文献   

4.
为抗倒伏杂交稻育种提供参考,以乐恢188与7个不育系配组的系列杂交水稻品种为材料,对比分析不同不育系配组的杂交稻植株的抗倒伏能力与基部各节间长度、茎秆粗度和茎壁厚度等性状的相关性。结果表明:基部各节间长度与倒伏指数呈正相关,与抗折力呈负相关;茎秆粗度、茎壁厚度、节间基部至穗顶长度与倒伏指数呈显著负相关,与抗折力呈显著正相关。金优188茎秆粗度与茎壁厚度小于其他品种,倒伏指数最大,最易发生倒伏;冈优188、福伊优188和蓉18优188茎秆粗度与茎壁厚度较大,倒伏指数小,不易发生倒伏。  相似文献   

5.
抗倒是小麦高产育种的主要目标,抗倒鉴定是育种的必要环节。目前我国对抗倒力矩和茎秆弹性等指标缺少简便、准确的测量仪器,小麦品种抗倒性鉴定基本处在以株高等直观指标为主的水平。利用最新设计的小麦抗倒电子测量仪测出的基部茎段最大抗折力矩和临界弯曲角,结合株高、重心高和茎秆重力等重要指标,采用临界分析法计算小麦最大风载荷力,以此为抗倒指数,以区域试验对照品种作对照,以10％差异作为分级标准,将抗倒指数划分为5个等级,根据抗倒级别判定抗倒性大小。分析并提出了主茎与分蘖按1：2取样,密度为600万穗／hm^2,在子粒形成期测量,初步构建了小麦茎秆抗倒性能评价体系。用该体系评价小麦茎秆抗倒性能具有相对全面、准确、客观和明了的优点,对抗倒伏研究和高产育种都具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

6.
以垦粳7号水稻为材料,采用田间小区试验方法,在垄作和平作两种耕作模式下,设置4种硅肥量D1(0 mL·hm-2)、D2(150 mL·hm-2)、D3(375 mL·hm-2)、D4(600 mL·hm-2),研究不同处理下水稻株高、重心高、基部第1节间（N1）、第2节间（N2）、第3节间（N3）、第4节间（N4）抗倒伏能力和主要物理性状的差异,并对倒伏指数、抗折力与茎秆主要物理性状进行相关分析。结果表明：在两种耕作模式下,适当的硅肥处理使水稻株高、重心高降低,N1、N2节间长缩短,N3、N4节间长伸长,各节间粗度、单位节间干重、茎壁厚度、抗折力和弯曲力矩都增加,倒伏指数减小,抗倒伏能力增强。两种耕作模式均在D3处理时倒伏指数最小,垄作模式下D3处理N1、N2、N3、N4节间倒伏指数较D1分别降低了15.35%、5.18%、5.89%、10.61%,平作模式下D3处理N1、N2、N3、N4节间倒伏指数较D1分别降低了12.20%、6.59%、6.29%、8.70%。基部各节间倒伏指数与节间粗度、单位节间干重、茎壁厚呈负相关,与株高、重心高呈正相关。基部各节间抗折力与节间粗度、单位节间干重、茎壁厚呈正相关,与重心高呈负相关。不同耕作模式下,适当硅肥用量处理均使水稻抗折力、抗倒伏性能增加。硅肥施用量为375 mL·hm-2时,水稻抗倒伏性能最好。  相似文献   

7.
Lodging is the most important constraint for soybean growth at seedling stage in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system. In the field experiments, three soybean cultivars Nandou 032-4 (shade susceptible cultivar; B1), Jiuyuehuang (moderately shade tolerant cultivar; B2), and Nandou 12 (shade tolerant cultivar; B3) were used to evaluate the relationship between stem stress and lignin metabolism in the stem of soybean. Results showed that the intercropped soybean was in variable light condition throughout the day time and co-growth stage with maize. The xylem area and cross section ratio played a main role to form the stem stress. The B3 both in intercropping and monocropping expressed a high stem stress with higher xylem area, lignin content, and activity of enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD)) than those of B1 and B2. Among the soybean cultivars and planting pattern, lignin content was positively correlated with stem stress. However, a negative correlation was found between lignin content and actual rate of lodging. In conclusion, the shade tolerant soybean cultivar had larger xylem area, higher lignin content and activities of CAD, 4CL, PAL, and POD than other soybean cultivars in intercropping. The lodging in maize-soybean intercropping can be minimized by planting shade tolerant and lodging resistant cultivar of soybean. The lignin content in stem could be a useful indicator for the evaluation of lodging resistance of soybean in intercropping and activities of enzymes were the key factors that influence the lignin biosynthesis.  相似文献   

8.
【目的】 研究新疆滴灌冬小麦抗倒伏性能适宜播种密度。【方法】在大田试验条件下,于2016~2017年冬小麦生长季,采用单因子随机区组设计,设置四个播种密度处理:M1(525×104粒 / hm2),M2(600×104粒/ hm2),M3(675×104粒/ hm2),M4(750×104粒/ hm2)。研究不同种植密度对滴灌冬小麦株高、重心高度、基部节间长度、基部节间茎粗、茎秆鲜重等形态特征和茎秆基部节间抗折力、茎秆基部节间充实度、木质素含量等理化特征的影响,以及对田间倒伏率和对产量因素的影响。【结果】滴灌冬小麦株高、基部节间长和重心高度均随着播种密度的增大而增大,茎秆基部节间木质素含量和充实度均随着密度的增加而降低。随着密度的增大各处理茎秆抗倒伏指数呈降低的趋势;产量以M2处理为最高,为7 371.19 kg/ hm2,分别较M3、M1和M4处理增加1.82%、3.45%和10.77%;田间倒伏率以M4处理为最高,为61.1%。【结论】种植密度为675×104粒/ hm2时,滴灌冬小麦籽粒产量最高,茎秆高度适宜,重心高度相对较低,抗倒伏指数相对较高。  相似文献   

9.
Analysis of genetic progress for lodging-related traits provides important information for further improvement of lodging resistance. Forty winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Yellow-Huai River Valleys Winter Wheat Zone(YHWZ) of China during the period of 1964–2015 were evaluated for several lodging-related traits in three cropping seasons. Plant height, height at center of gravity, length of the basal second internode, and lodging index decreased significantly in this period, and the average annual genetic gains for these traits were –0.50 cm or –0.62%, –0.27 cm or –0.60%, –0.06 cm or –0.63%, and –0.01 or –0.94%, respectively. Different from other traits, stem strength showed a significant increasing trend with the breeding period, and the annual genetic gains were 0.03 N or 0.05%. Correlation analysis showed that lodging index was positively correlated with plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal second internode, but negatively correlated with stem strength. Meanwhile, significantly positive correlations were observed between plant height, height at center of gravity, and length of the basal first and second internodes. By comparison with the wild types, dwarfing genes had significant effects on all lodging-related traits studied except for length of the basal first internode and stem strength. Principle component analysis demonstrated that plant height and stem strength were the most important factors influencing lodging resistance. Clustering analysis based on the first two principle components further indicated the targets of wheat lodging-resistant breeding have changed from reducing plant height to strengthening stem strength over the breeding periods. This study indicates that the increase of stem strength is vital to improve lodging resistance in this region under the high-yielding condition when plant height is in an optimal range.  相似文献   

10.
小麦抗倒性评价方法的比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为寻找简便快捷的小麦品种抗倒性鉴定方法,以48个国家冬小麦黄淮南片水地组区域试验小麦新品系为试验材料,通过对小麦品系茎秆等特性的调查分析,结合多试点抗倒性验证,比较4种倒伏指数法在小麦品种抗倒性鉴定评价中的效果。相关性及主成分分析结果表明,倒伏与株高、基部茎节特性等密切相关。其中,倒伏与第1至第3节茎秆长度、株高、重心高度呈极显著正相关,与第2节茎秆的径长比、基部茎秆弹性呈极显著负相关,表明株高越矮,基部节间越短,特别是第2茎节短且粗,茎秆基部弹性越强,小麦品种抗倒性越好。4种倒伏指数均与第2、3茎节长度呈极显著正相关,与第2茎节机械强度呈极显著负相关,且分别与其他茎秆等特性呈显著或极显著相关,表明第2、3茎节长度和第2茎节的机械强度是上述4种倒伏指数法鉴定小麦品种抗倒性的共性基础,同时各倒伏指数又有其特定的关联性状。4种倒伏指数均可有效鉴定小麦品种抗倒性,但从便利性及相关性密切程度方面比较,倒伏指数2和倒伏指数3鉴定的评价效果更好。  相似文献   

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