共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
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提前为人工育苗提供亲贝,和缓育苗后期温度高、饵料供应发生困难的矛盾,提前育出大规格的苗贝,以缩短养成期,从而降低生产成本。本文根据今年初试资料写成,着重介绍栉孔扇贝亲贝的育肥促熟方法和催产效果。作者通过小水体高密度培育的方法,在栉孔扇贝自然繁殖季节到来之前,将处于性腺分化期阶段的成贝饲养成成熟亲贝,并用人工育苗的方法培育出苗贝。培养过程中,亲贝几无死亡,繁殖期比自然海区最少提前五天,雌性亲体排卵量比自然育肥亲贝提高数十万乃至百万以上,催产反应也较快,幼体的发育正常。作者认为:继续开展试验,进一步改进和完善亲贝的培育方法,扩大培育规模,可 相似文献
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对华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗技术进行了较深入细致的研究，就其人工育苗过程中的亲贝的选择、亲贝的育肥促熟、亲贝的催产、精子的控制、浮游幼虫培育、人工采苗、稚贝培育、换水和药物防病等一系列关键技术进行了探讨。 相似文献
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华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗关键技术初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
对华贵栉孔扇贝人工育苗技术进行了较深入细致的研究,就其人工育苗过程中的亲贝的选择、亲贝的育肥促熟、亲贝的催产、精子的控制、浮游幼虫培育、人工采苗、稚贝培育、换水和药物防病等一系列关键技术进行了探讨. 相似文献
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海湾扇贝在工厂化人工育苗中,是通过亲贝蓄养来促使亲贝成熟并进行产卵的,但由于其孵化率一直不很高,故各单位普遍采用培养大量种贝做保证,以采到足够的受精卵,达到一定数量的幼虫,进行扇贝育苗生产。这样耗费大量的人力、物力、财力。因此提高海湾扇贝受精卵的孵化率在海湾扇贝育苗工作中极为重要。为此,我们根据几年的生产经验,总结出影响海湾扇贝受精卵孵化率的几项措施。1.海湾扇贝卵是否成熟是决定其孵化率的主要因素: 相似文献
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扇贝异源三倍体诱导 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
荧光显微观察表明,20℃水温下,栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的卵与海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)的精子可以正常受精和发育,具备人工诱导三倍体的可行性.亲贝充分促熟后,分开催产,以20:1的精卵比授精;在50%的受精卵排出第1极体时,以60mg/L 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)处理受精卵10～25 min,可诱导75.23%～92.14%的三倍体;6-DMAP处理15 min综合诱导效果最好,三倍体诱导率可达88.56%,孵化率可达53.52%.得到的三倍体幼虫经基因组原位杂交(Genomicin situ hybridization,GISH)验证,为含有2套栉孔扇贝染色体组和1套海湾扇贝染色体组的异源三倍体.孵化后诱导组与杂交对照组(未经6-DMAP处理)幼虫生长越来越缓慢,受精后14 d其幼虫存活率分别下降到0.000 67%和0.002 24%,没有幼虫度过附着变态期.GISH分析显示,栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝不同倍性的杂种后代早在担轮幼虫阶段就出现母本偏向性染色体转变. 相似文献
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用纯化栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farrei)急性病毒性坏死症病毒(AVNV)免疫兔子,以兔抗血清为一抗,荧光标记的羊抗兔抗体为二抗,采用冰冻切片技术,建立了栉孔扇贝AVNV的间接免疫荧光检测方法。用该方法分析栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)体内AVNV感染强度,并对感染率进行统计。结果表明,栉孔扇贝的肾脏、肝胰腺中,AVNV阳性信号最强,呈现中度到重度感染,其AVNV感染率100％。鳃丝、性腺及闭壳肌中未检测到阳性信号。在海湾扇贝的肝胰腺及肾中AVNV的感染率也较高。提示AVNV感染扇贝的靶器官主要是肾脏、肝胰腺。对与栉孔扇贝同一海区养殖的海湾扇贝在栉孔扇贝发病期间存活率较高的原因进行了讨论。 相似文献
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采用二氨基苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色荧光显微方法,对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri♀)×长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas♂)受精过程进行详细观察。结果显示,长牡蛎精子能迅速附着并穿过栉孔扇贝卵膜,精核发生解凝缩而膨胀形成雄性原核;精子入卵后,栉孔扇贝卵子减数分裂重新启动,释放极体并形成雌性原核,最后雌、雄原核融合,受精卵开始第1次卵裂。栉孔扇贝与长牡蛎杂交受精率一般在40%左右。受精卵发育过程中出现了排放2个极体、排放1个极体、不排放极体3种类型,所占受精卵比例约为65%、25%和10%。多数受精卵第1次卵裂后期,染色体发生异常分离,不能平均分配到2个子细胞中,这可能是造成早期胚胎畸形,只能发育到担轮幼虫阶段而全部死亡的主要原因。 相似文献
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采用RAPD和GISH技术对栉孔扇贝（♀）和虾夷扇贝（♂）杂交子代胚后发育4个重要时期（担轮幼虫期、D形幼虫期、壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期）的遗传构成进行了检测。在RAPD检测中,50条随机引物在亲贝中共扩增出35条栉孔扇贝的特异条带和28条虾夷扇贝特异条带,其中栉孔扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：担轮幼虫期21条、D形幼虫期19条、壳顶幼虫期23条和眼点幼虫期23条;而虾夷扇贝特异条带在杂交子代4个时期出现的条数分别为：17、16、1和1。GISH结果表明,杂交扇贝在担轮幼虫期和D形幼虫期均继承了来自父母本遗传物质,而在壳顶幼虫期和眼点幼虫期未检测到来自父本的遗传物质。结果表明,杂交子代遗传结构在进入壳顶幼虫期时发生重大改变,大部分父本遗传物质从杂交贝基因组中丧失。 相似文献
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亲贝培育是扇贝育苗的基础,亲贝培育好坏,影响亲贝生殖腺发育的程度,并影响获卵的质量,影响育苗生产。因而若想育苗的顺利进行,抓好亲贝培育是重要环节;虾夷扇贝属于低温贝类,它的培育有其特殊要求,实践证明,抓好虾夷扇贝亲贝培育,应注意以下几点。 相似文献
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急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)是一种能导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的DNA病毒,研究通过检测不同养殖模式和不同苗种来源的栉孔扇贝样本携带AVNV的情况,以寻找合理的养殖模式和苗种,降低疾病的发生。以扇贝单一养殖的青岛流清河海区和贝藻间养的荣成桑沟湾海区为采样点,每月(2010年3月—2011年4月)定期采集2个海区野生苗养殖和人工苗养殖的栉孔扇贝样品各10只,共得到扇贝样本480只。取扇贝外套膜组织,提取DNA,采用巢式PCR检测扇贝感染AVNV的情况,并对2个海区2类栉孔扇贝AVNV感染率进行比较。结果显示,在2个海区的2类栉孔扇贝体内均检测到AVNV,流清河海区野生苗和人工苗养殖栉孔扇贝AVNV感染率分别为21.1%和18.9%,桑沟湾海区2类扇贝AVNV感染率分别为11.1%和5.6%;2个海区AVNV感染扇贝均集中在7、8月份,其中,流清河海区最高可达80%,桑沟湾海区最高仅40%。研究表明,贝藻间养和选用人工苗能有效减少AVNV对养殖扇贝的感染,是控制养殖扇贝发病死亡的有效措施。 相似文献
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急性病毒性坏死病毒dUTPase基因的克隆、表达及其产物的酶学活性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据已测定完成的栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)基因组序列,设计特异性引物,以提取的发病扇贝组织总DNA为模板,PCR扩增得到编码AVNV dUTPase的开放阅读框ORF074,将产物克隆至原核表达载体pET32a(+)中,构建表达质粒pET32a-dut。然后,将其转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE检测显示,诱导表达蛋白分子量约为46 ku,与预期表达蛋白大小一致。经Western-blotting及质谱分析鉴定,所表达蛋白即为重组dUTPase。表达产物经Co2+柱纯化后进行酶学活性测定。结果显示,重组dUTPase能特异性催化dUTP,EDTA可以抑制dUTPase的活性,而Mg2+可以增强其活性。 相似文献
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Gonadogenesis in scallop Chlamys farreri and Cf‐foxl2 expression pattern during gonadal sex differentiation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiao‐Ling Liu Yun Li Jian‐Guo Liu Long‐Bo Cui Zhi‐Feng Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1605-1611
Gonad development and sexual differentiation are important biological processes. More insight is needed in these processes to improve selection and breeding efficiency in the production of culture animals for monosex farm operations of commercially important shellfish species. Foxl2 is the earliest known sex dimorphic marker of ovarian differentiation in mammals, but studies on foxl2 in invertebrate species are rare. This study revealed the gonadogenesis and expression characteristics of foxl2 during the gonadal differentiation in the scallop Chlamys farreri, an important commercial mollusk in China. The result showed that C. farreri gonad becomes visible once juveniles reach a shell height of 5.5 mm. Sex can be distinguished based on gonad histology in animals with a minimum shell height of 9 mm. Expression of Cf‐foxl2 (C. farreri foxl2) was first observed in cytoplasm of ovarian germ and follicle cells, just after the initiation of ovarian differentiation. Results indicate that Cf‐foxl2 can be used as an early sex‐marker gene, and may have participated in the regulation of ovary differentiation in C. farreri. 相似文献
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Zonghe Yu Baozhong Liu Hongsheng Yang Yi Zhou Kun Xing Qiang Xu Libin Zhang 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(5):813-824
The growth and survival of the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri suspended in deep water of Haizhou Bay were studied from July 2007 to June 2008, and the biodeposition method was used to
estimate the clearance rate of C. farreri under field conditions. Results showed that the scallop grew fast during all the culture time, with the exception of summer.
The condition index of the scallop increased with time and reached the highest value in spring of the second year. The survival
of scallops was 60.8 ± 3.9% at the end of this study, mortality occurring mainly during the summer and autumn of the first
year. The clearance rate fluctuated obviously with season,with the highest value in September 2007, and the lowest value in
March 2008. Factors accounting for variations in growth and clearance rate of scallops are also discussed. 相似文献
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Zonghe Yu Hongsheng Yang Baozhong Liu Qiang Xu Kun Xing Libin Zhang 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(6):814-827
We examined the growth, survival and immune response of the scallop, Chlamys farreri, during a 1‐year period in deep water of Haizhou Bay. Scallops were cultured using two methods: (1) in lantern nets at a 5 m depth and (2) in a bottom culture system (sleeves) on the seabed at about a 25 m depth. Shell heights, meat dry weight and immune activities in the haemolymph (superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase) were measured bimonthly or quarterly from July 2007 to June 2008. Survival was measured at the end of the study and environmental parameters in the experimental layers were monitored during the experiment. The growth and immune activities of scallops were lower when the water temperature was high, which was consistent with the main mortality occurring in summer. The growth and immunity of scallops were higher in the suspended culture than in the bottom culture during the experiment, with the exception of shell growth during the last study period. Survival of scallops in the suspended culture (54.6±12.3%) was significantly lower than that in the bottom culture (86.8±3.5%) at the end of this study. We conclude from our results that the high mortality of C. farreri can be prevented by culturing them in a bottom culture system before November of the first year, and then transferring them to a suspended culture to improve scallop production. 相似文献
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The growth and survival of the scallop Chlamys farreri exposed to different initial densities were evaluated in culture systems from inshore and offshore areas of Sungo Bay, China, from May 2007 to March 2008. Water quality data (e.g. temperature, salinity, current speed, chlorophyll a and total particulate material) were measured concurrently. The C. farreri reached the market size after 10 months of cultivation. Average survival rates for the same initial densities were lower in the inshore area than those in the offshore area. Survival rates also were inversely proportional to the initial densities. Scallops in offshore area with initial densities of 20 and 30 individuals per disc resulted in significantly greater shell heights, soft tissue weights and muscle weight compared with the other experimental groups. Tissue weight increased rapidly from May to September. However, scallops in offshore area had a second growth peak during October to November. Scallops in the offshore area had higher growth and survival rates, which may be attributed to high water current speed resulting in increased food supplies. Results indicate that the scallop C. farreri has an aquaculture potential in offshore cultivation systems. 相似文献
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应用DGGE技术研究扇贝养殖海域微型真核浮游生物多样性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了研究扇贝养殖海区微型真核浮游生物群落多样性,明确养殖扇贝发病时期高丰度微型真核浮游生物种类,探讨微型真核浮游生物与栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)水平传播的可能关系。于2009年和2010年从青岛流清河湾扇贝养殖海区采集了9个月份的海水样品,经25和3 μm的滤膜过滤收集海水中3~25 μm的浮游生物,扩增18S rDNA可变区序列,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis,DGGE)技术对扩增序列进行分离以分析微型真核浮游生物多样性。结果表明,该养殖海区微型真核生物包括甲藻、纤毛虫、眼虫、定鞭藻、硅藻、盘蜷虫、隐藻、领鞭毛虫、变形虫和Cercozoan,其中甲藻类和纤毛类生物的最高相对丰度分别达41.0%和38.2%,是海区的优势种类。各月份DGGE谱带聚类分析结果表明,2009年6、7、8、9月份浮游生物群落组成较为相似。中肋骨条藻在扇贝发病前后均有分布。结合相关扇贝AVNV已有的研究结果,研究认为中肋骨条藻是AVNV水平传播的参与者之一,但海区中广泛分布的甲藻和纤毛虫与AVNV传播的关系还有必要进一步研究。 相似文献
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Shiliang Liu Xiaolu Jiang Xiaoke Hu Jun Gong Hueymin Hwang & Kangsen Mai 《Aquaculture Research》2004,35(7):678-682
The effect of chronic (2 weeks) temperature (19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C) on certain non‐specific immune parameters of two species of scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819) and Chlamys farreri (Jones & Preston 1904) were studied. The survival ratio of the two species of scallops at 31°C was the lowest. Haemocyte concentration of C. farreri in the 19 and 22°C treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the 25 and 28°C treatment groups but significantly higher than that of the 31°C treatment group. With elevation of seawater temperature, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities in sera of two scallop species increased and reached the peak at 25°C and then decreased. However, the specific activity of ALP and ACP of the 31°C treatment group was the highest. The results demonstrated that temperature of seawater significantly affected immunity of scallops. The concept that the stress of high environmental temperature on C. farreri may be partially responsible for the mass mortality of the organism is also introduced. 相似文献
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急性病毒性坏死病毒IAP-86基因的克隆、表达及抗凋亡研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在已经完成的栉孔扇贝急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)全基因组序列测序与分析的基础上,设计特异性引物,克隆得到了ORF86编码的杆状病毒凋亡抑制蛋白基因(IAP-86)。IAP-86基因与pET32a(+)质粒连接构建得到重组质粒pET32a-IAP86,将重组质粒转化到E.coil BL21(DE3)中,使用异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导蛋白表达,SDS-PAGE检测显示表达蛋白分子量约为40 ku,经Western-blotting和质谱分析证明,该蛋白即为IAP-86融合蛋白,Co2+柱纯化后得到了纯化的IAP-86融合蛋白。将重组的IAP-86蛋白用FITC标记,荧光显微镜下观察,发现重组的IAP-86蛋白最终能够与栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞的细胞核和细胞质结合。细胞凋亡检测实验发现,重组的IAP-86蛋白能够在一定程度上抑制栉孔扇贝血淋巴细胞凋亡,凋亡抑制率为7%。本实验应用原核表达成功得到了IAP-86蛋白,并证明IAP-86对栉孔扇贝细胞的凋亡有一定抑制作用,这为进一步研究AVNV的侵染机制提供依据。 相似文献