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1.
Bazalar Pereda Mayra S. Nazareno Mónica A. Viturro Carmen I. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2019,74(1):68-75
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Physalis peruviana L. fruits have gained great interest in different producing countries because they are good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds.... 相似文献
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Anita E. Swanepoel 《Potato Research》1992,35(3):329-332
Summary South African strains of biovar 2 and biovar 3 ofPseudomonas solanacearum were compared for their ability to survive in the roots and stems of ten weed species. After artificial inoculation with
a biovar 2 strain none of the weed species developed wilt symptoms, but the pathogen was isolated from one species,Physalis angulata L. Using inoculum of a biovar 3 strain, two of the weed species developed wilt symptoms (Datura stramonium L.,Solanum nigrum L.), and the pathogen was isolated from four species,Eragrostis curvula, Amaranthus hybridus L.,Datura stramonium L. andSolanum nigrum. 相似文献
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Michał Kostiw 《Potato Research》1991,34(1):41-45
Summary In laboratory experiments PLRV transmission byMyzus persicae Sulz was shown to be possible even during a very brief feeding period onPhysalis floridana Rydb, in both acquisition and inoculation feeding. When the acquisition feeding time (AFT) was varied between 30 sec and
48 h the inoculation feeding time (IFT) was constant (48h) and vice versa: when the AFT was constant (48 h), the IFT was variable.
The rate of infection was 2.2% following 30 sec AFT and 1.1% after 30 sec IFT. After 1 min feeding these infection rates increased
to 7.9% and 1.8% respectively. The capacity for virus transmission was closely correlated with the increase in feeding time
for both acquisition and inoculation feeding. 相似文献
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Margaret A. Bock Juanita Sanchez-Pilcher Lisa J. McKee Melchor Ortiz 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1995,48(2):127-133
Proximate composition, total dietary fiber and pH of tomatillos (Physalis ixocarpa) grown in Baja, California were analyzed. Moisture content averaged 92%. On a dry matter basis (DMB), tomatillos contained 11% protein, 18% fat, 13% ash and 5% total dietary fiber. On an as consumed basis (ACB), tomatillos contained 1% protein, 1.5% fat, 1% ash and 0.4% dietary fiber. Carbohydrate (CHO) content was calculated by difference resulting in an average adjusted CHO (excluding dietary fiber) of 53% on a DMB and 4% on an ACB; total CHO (including dietary fiber) was 58 and 4.8%, respectively. Average kcalorie content was calculated to be about 31 kcals/100 g. The average pH of tomatillos was 3.76. 相似文献
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J. P. Mackinnon 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(7):268-271
Potato seedlings grown from true seed were screened for resistance to leaf roll virus. Infected seedlings were discarded, and the screening process was repeated for four subsequent tuber generations. Forty-one of an original 717 clones (six crosses and three selfed lines) remained free from the virus. Challenge inoculations were made with aphids,Myzus persicae (Sulz.), that had been colonized on infected excised leaves ofPhysalis floridana Rydb. Recovery tests were attempted with non-viru-liferous aphids that were tested on healthyP. floridana. In comparative tests, more clones remained free from the virus among progeny of the cross F5569×F4896 and of a self of the Katahdin variety, than among any other progeny tested. 相似文献
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R. A. C. Jones 《Potato Research》1979,22(2):149-152
Summary Plants ofSolanum brevidens graft-inoculated with potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) grew vigorously and had a normal healthy appearance. Although presence
of the virus was confirmed in all inoculated plants by graft tests to potato and/orDatura stramonium, recovery of PLRV fromS. brevidens PI 218228 usingPhysalis floridana and the aphidMyzus persicae was erratic and only few test seedlings became infected. Ease of recovery of the virus using aphids was not influenced by
presence of a continuous graft union with infected potato. Testing ofS. brevidens PI 245763 withM. persicae was not possible due to poor aphid survival on plants of this accession. 相似文献
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Field and greenhouse readings in Maine together with test plot readings in Florida showed the incidence of potato leafroll virus infection in 10 Kennebec seed lots from south, central and northern Aroostook County to be about 1.2%. When the seed lots were indexed by aphid transmission of the virus toPhysalis floridana Rydb. in January and July the incidence of leafroll was found to be 2% and 10% respectively. SinceP. floridana detects mild strains as well as those capable of causing visible symptoms on potato, these results indicate that mild strains are present in the Kennebec variety being grown for seed in Aroostook County. The authors indicate, however, that leafroll symptom expression inP. floridana, in many instances, was not definitive and they suggest that their data may reflect an inaccurate estimate of the prevalence of mild strains of leafroll in Maine. 相似文献
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本文报道了１９８７～１９９０年对马铃薯主要病毒毒源试管封闭保存的研究结果．保毒植物为普通烟草、心叶烟、德伯尼烟、番茄、千日红，洋酸浆等．在无菌条件下，温度为２０～２５℃，２０００～３０００ｍ烛光照，取其０．５～１ｃｍ大茎尖消毒后扦插在试管培养基上培养，因保毒植物种类不同，其成活率为５７．６％～１００％，平均为８７．１％，进管２０～２６天生根发育正常．在试管内发育成株时，可进行单节切段更新繁殖，其生长发育比大茎尖初次进管时速度快，一般６～１２天生根发育正常，并保持试管毒源纯度和含毒量． 相似文献
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R. P. Singh M. E. Drew E. M. Smith R. H. Bagnall 《American Journal of Potato Research》1979,56(8):367-371
PVA produces distinct local lesions on open leaves ofPhysalis floridana, as does PVY. But, whereas PVA induced such lesions on detached leaves, PVY did not. PVX induced similar lesions, thus the test for PVA will be most useful in work with isolated cultures of PVA or with virus tested seed lines or in screening for resistance, where PVX is absent.P. floridana plants and leaves were best held at 15 to 18 C with low light intensity (4–5 K lux). From 4–6 week old potato plants, PVA was best obtained from lower leaves, ground in 0.05 M glycine — 0.03 M phosphate buffer, pH 9.2. One leaf disc infected with PVA could be detected in a composite sample with 9 discs from healthy leaves.P. angulata andP. pubescens may also be used for diagnosis of PVA. PVY becomes systemic in these species without inducing local lesions. 相似文献
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Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献
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以毛酸浆的根尖为实验材料,对几种预处理方法、解离方法、染色体制片方法进行了比较研究。结果表明:毛酸浆根尖用0.1%秋水仙素和0.002 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉1∶1混合液4℃条件下处理3 h,固定后先用1 mol/L HCl在60℃条件下解离3 min,再用混合酶液进行酶解,染色制片后得到的染色体图像效果比较清晰。供试的2个品种染色体数目均为2n=24,属于小型染色体,但它们的核型具有明显差异,‘铁把小菇娘’:染色体总长为30.72μm,绝对长度范围1.61~3.42μm,核型公式2n=2sm+22m,属于1B核型,核型不对称系数为56.35%;‘粒粒甜菇娘’:染色体总长28.42μm,绝对长度范围1.52~3.32μm,核型公式2n=2sm+2M+20m,属于2B核型,核型不对称系数为54.93%。 相似文献
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In surveys for the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus Y (PVYN) in potato, two isolates (I-136 and I-L56) were obtained that shared properties with both the PVYN and the common (PVYO) strain groups. The isolates produced veinal necrosis on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and mild symptoms on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Jemseg, typical of PVYN but their symptoms on some other indicator species such asCapsicum frutescens L.,Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste & Reyn.),Physalis angulata L.,P. floridana Rybd. were more typical of PVYO. Their serological properties were also more typical of PVYO in that they reacted with a PVYO-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) in ELISA and they failed to react with four PVYN-specific MAbs. The possible taxonomic position of these isolates is discussed. 相似文献
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Wafa Khaled Ibtissem Ben Fekih Sabrine Nahdi Rebha Souissi Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem 《Potato Research》2018,61(1):89-96
This study investigated the transmission efficiency of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) by four potato colonizing aphid species, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Aphis gossypii and Aphis fabae, reported from leaves and yellow water trap. Physalis floridana was used as a test plant for virus transmission. DAS-ELISA was used for virus screening of samples as well as virus detection on the test plant after transmission experiment. A 2-h period was sufficient for the tested aphids to acquire PLRV virions. However, a difference in the transmission potential occurred according to the aphid species. The highest potential was recorded for M. persicae and M. euphorbiae, at 90 and 80%, respectively. For the first time, the study revealed the PLRV transmission efficiency of A. fabae, estimated at 50%. The lowest potential rate of 30% was recorded for A. gossypii. This study highlights the PLRV transmission capacities of four potato colonizing aphids suspected to play a key role in the spread of PLRV in potato seed production sites. 相似文献
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R. G. Clarke 《American Journal of Potato Research》1981,58(6):291-298
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was purified from potato foliage and stems with an average yield of 0.14 mg of PLRV/kg of potato. Modifications of an existing purification procedure are reported. Five low dosage (38-118 μg of PLRV) intravenous injections were used to produce a PLRV antiserum for use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) from tubers. PLRV was readily detected in ELISA testing of potato tubers and leaves and inPhysalis floridana Rybd. Non-specific reactions were low with all tissues. In parallel tests, a Canadian antiserum produced higher nonspecific reactions with tuber and leaf tissue. The results indicated that the use of low dosage-intravenous injections might be necessary methodology for producing PLRV antiserum for use in ELISA diagnostic tests with tuber tissue where high non-specific reactions have been reported. 相似文献
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Potato virus A (PVA) was purified fromNicandra physaloides by a simple method that omitted organic solvent clarification and consisted of differential centrifugation followed by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl. An antiserum was produced that specifically detected PVA in potato leaf sap using either the SDS-agar test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No heterlogous reaction of the antiserum with potato virus Y was detected. Purified PVA was highly infectious; it had an A 258/280 nm absorbance ratio of 1.28. The particles had a normal intact appearance in the electron microscope. Detection of PVA in potato sprouts and foliage by ELISA was compared with the local lesion assay onPhysalis angulata L. plants. ELISA was superior over an indicator plant test when sprout tissue was used. PVA antiserum reacted similarly with mild and crinkle isolates. 相似文献
19.
To evaluate four diagnostic methods for potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), an antiserum was prepared against a virus preparation purified from infectedDatura stramonium L. by an exudation method. The antiserum had a titer of 1:64 in microprecipitin tests. In a procedure developed subsequently PLRV was purified by a method that involved grinding liquid nitrogen frozen stems, petioles, and veins from different solanaceous hosts. A chloroform and n-butanol clarification was done followed by two cycles of differential centrifugation. On sucrose gradients, these preparations formed one band containing spherical particles 25 nm in diameter. In Ouchterlony double-diffusion plates, the antiserum reacted positively with virus preparations from frozenPhysalis, Datura or potato tissue partially purified by two cycles of differential centrifugation. No visible reaction was obtained between the antiserum and the virus preparation from density gradient centrifugation. Antiserum neutralized infectivity of 40–50% of the virions in a partially purified preparation. No virus peak was detected in the scanning patterns obtained after a mixture of antiserum and virus was centrifuged on a sucrose density gradient. A few virus particles were seen attached to serologically specific grids. Methods to diagnose PLRV in infected potato tubers were then compared. In the first, aphids were used to acquire the virus from tuber sprouts. They transmitted the virus to 100% of thePhysalis test plants. Results of the second method, visual inspection of symptoms on potato plants, were similar to those of the first method. Sarkar’s electron microscopic method and immuno-specific grids were less efficient than aphid transmission to diagnose PLRV in tuber sprouts. The low virus concentration in infected tissue made these last two methods unreliable. 相似文献
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Zusammenfassung Kartoffelblattrollvirus (PLRV) wurde mit der Immunofluoreszenztechnik in der Kartoffelknolle und in oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen
nachgewiesen. PLRV wurde dabei stets im Phloem, niemals in parenchymatischen Geweben aufgefunden. Am Kronenende der Knolle
erh?hte sich der PLRV-Gehalt nach der Keimung zusammen mit der Vermehrung der Phloemzellen. Der verh?ltnism?ssig hohe Virusgehalt
am Nabelende blieb von der Keimung unbeeinflusst. PLRV wurde auch im Phloem der Stengel und Bl?tter nachgewiesen. In der Knospe
war PLRV nur selten aufzufinden.
Summary Potato Leaf Roll Virus was detected by an immunofluorescent technique in tubers and above ground parts of the potato plant. For the production of antisera, PLRV was multiplied inPhysalis floridana plants and the virus purified according to the method of Takanami & Kubo (1979). Microtome sections were prepared from secondary infested tubers and shoots grown from eye plugs of the cultivar Sieglinde. The virus was detected successfully in 15 μm thick sections of unfixed tissue cut on a freezing microtome. For indirect antigen detection the sections were first treated with specific antiserum, incubated with FITC conjugated anti-rabbit globulin and evaluated by UV fluorescence microscopy. PLRV was persistent in the area of the vascular bundles, but was never detected in parenchymatous tissue. The limits of the fluorescent area at the rose end of the tuber were dependent on the stage of development of the eyes. The dormant eyes were, with the exception of a few phloem cells, largely free of fluorescence (Fig. 1a). As the eyes grew and the phloem developed, FITC fluorescence increased (Fig. 1b, 1c). The fluorescence in the area of the vascular bundles was noticeably stronger lower down, indicating that the basal portion of the eyes contained more PLRV than the apical region. High fluorescence intensity was always found at the heel end of the tubers, whether they were dormant or sprouting (Fig. 2a, b). Therefore the PLRV levels in dormant tubers is higher at the heel than at the rose end. This difference is not apparent and may even be reversed at the rose end in sprouting tubers, because of the development of phloem and its associated viral multiplication. PLRV was detected in the phloem in cross-sections of both the stems and leaves of eye shoots (Figs 3 and 4). In the buds the green fluorescence showed only in a few developing phloem cells indicating PLRV infection (Fig. 5).
Résumé Le virus de l'enroulement (PLRV) a été décelé dans le tubercule de pomme de terre, ainsi que dans les organes aériens, avec l'aide de la technique de l'immunofluorescence. Le PLRV a été multiplié dans les plantes dePhysalis floridana pour la production de l'antisérum. La purification du virus a été faite selon la méthode Takanami et Kubo (1979). Pour les coupes au microtome, des tubercules et plantes issus d'oeilletons de la variété Sieglinde, porteurs de PLRV d'une infection secondaire, ont été utilisés. Le virus a été décelé sur des coupes de 15 μm à partir de tissus non fixés. Pour le contr?le indirect de l'antigène, les coupes étaient d'abord mises en incubation avec un antisérum spécifique, ensuite avec des anticorps spécifiques d'anticorps lapin marqués au FITC et examinés avec un microscope fluorescent. Le PLRV a régulièrement été décelé dans la région des faisceaux, et jamais dans le tissu parenchymatique. A la couronne, l'intensité de la fluorescence dépendait du stade de développement des tubercules. L'oeil dormant ne présentait pratiquement pas de fluorescence à l'exception de quelques cellules du phloème (fig. 1a). Avec l'évolution de la germination de l'oeil et la multiplication du phloème, la fluorescence FITC augmentait (fig. 1b, 1c). Etonnament, la partie inférieure des faisceaux présentait une fluorescence plus intense que la partie supérieure. On peut s'attendre à ce que le taux de PLRV soit plus élevé dans la région basale de l'oeil que dans les extrémités. Dans la région de l'ombilic, la fluorescence était plus élevée dans tous les cas, tant pour les tubercules dormants que pour les tubercules en germination (fig. 2a, 2b). Le taux de PLRV est par conséquent plus élevé dans la partie de l'ombilic qu'à la couronne pour des tubercules en dormance. Sur le tubercule en germination, cette différence peut être nivelée ou même s'inverser en raison de la multiplication du phloème et du virus. Sur la jeune pousse d'oeilleton, le PLRV a été décelé dans la tige et dans le phloème d'une coupe transversale de feuille (fig. 3, 4). L'infection du bourgeon par le PLRV ne présente qu'une faible fluorescence verte due à quelques cellules de phloème infiltrées (fig. 5).相似文献