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1.
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that caused the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), in December 2019, the...  相似文献   

2.
Lectins are proteins with a remarkably high affinity and specificity for carbohydrates. Many organisms naturally produce them, including animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea, and viruses. The present report focuses on lectins produced by marine or freshwater organisms, in particular algae and cyanobacteria. We explore their structure, function, classification, and antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, we look at the expression of lectins in heterologous systems and the current research on the preclinical and clinical evaluation of these fascinating molecules. The further development of these molecules might positively impact human health, particularly the prevention or treatment of diseases caused by pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus, influenza, and severe acute respiratory coronaviruses, among others.  相似文献   

3.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a major human health concern. The pathogen responsible for COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), invades its host through the interaction of its spike (S) protein with a host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). In addition to ACE2, heparan sulfate (HS) on the surface of host cells also plays a significant role as a co-receptor. Our previous studies demonstrated that sulfated glycans, such as heparin and fucoidans, show anti-COVID-19 activities. In the current study, rhamnan sulfate (RS), a polysaccharide with a rhamnose backbone from a green seaweed, Monostroma nitidum, was evaluated for binding to the S-protein from SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of viral infectivity in vitro. The structural characteristics of RS were investigated by determining its monosaccharide composition and performing two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. RS inhibition of the interaction of heparin, a highly sulfated HS, with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (from wild type and different mutant variants) was studied using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of RS against the S-protein receptor binding domain (RBD) binding to immobilized heparin was 1.6 ng/mL, which is much lower than the IC50 for heparin (~750 ng/mL). RS showed stronger inhibition than heparin on the S-protein RBD or pseudoviral particles binding to immobilized heparin. Finally, in an in vitro cell-based assay, RS showed strong antiviral activities against wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the delta variant.  相似文献   

4.
Over 182 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 4 million deaths have been reported to date around the world. It is essential to identify broad-spectrum antiviral agents that may prevent or treat infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) but also by other coronaviruses that may jump the species barrier in the future. We evaluated the antiviral selectivity of griffithsin and sulfated and non-sulfated polysaccharides against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 using a cytotoxicity assay and a cell-based pseudoviral model. The half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) were determined for each compound, using a dose-response-inhibition analysis on GraphPad Prism v9.0.2 software (San Diego, CA, USA). The therapeutic index (TI = CC50/EC50) was calculated for each compound. The potential synergistic, additive, or antagonistic effect of different compound combinations was determined by CalcuSyn v1 software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK), which estimated the combination index (CI) values. Iota and lambda carrageenan showed the most potent antiviral activity (EC50 between 3.2 and 7.5 µg/mL). Carrageenan and griffithsin combinations exhibited synergistic activity (EC50 between 0.2 and 3.8 µg/mL; combination index <1), including against recent SARS-CoV-2 mutations. The griffithsin and carrageenan combination is a promising candidate to prevent or treat infections by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2.  相似文献   

5.
SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) is a novel coronavirus strain that emerged at the end of 2019, causing millions of deaths so far. Despite enormous efforts being made through various drug discovery campaigns, there is still a desperate need for treatments with high efficacy and selectivity. Recently, marine sulfated polysaccharides (MSPs) have earned significant attention and are widely examined against many viral infections. This article attempted to produce a comprehensive report about MSPs from different marine sources alongside their antiviral effects against various viral species covering the last 25 years of research articles. Additionally, these reported MSPs were subjected to molecular docking and dynamic simulation experiments to ascertain potential interactions with both the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS CoV-2’s spike protein (S-protein) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). The possible binding sites on both S-protein’s RBD and ACE2 were determined based on how they bind to heparin, which has been reported to exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2 through binding to RBD, preventing the virus from affecting ACE2. Moreover, our modeling results illustrate that heparin can also bind to and block ACE2, acting as a competitor and protective agent against SARS CoV-2 infection. Nine of the investigated MSPs candidates exhibited promising results, taking into consideration the newly emerged SARS CoV-2 variants, of which five were not previously reported to exert antiviral activity against SARS CoV-2, including sulfated galactofucan (1), sulfated polymannuroguluronate (SPMG) (2), sulfated mannan (3), sulfated heterorhamnan (8), and chondroitin sulfate E (CS-E) (9). These results shed light on the importance of sulfated polysaccharides as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors.  相似文献   

6.
Cyanobacterial blooms and hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) usually occur in summer, constituting a sanitary and environmental problem in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina. Water sports and recreational activities take place in summer in this lake. We reported an acute case of cyanobacterial poisoning in Salto Grande dam, Argentina, which occurred in January 2007. Accidentally, a young man was immersed in an intense bloom of Microcystis spp. A level of 48.6 μg·L(-1) of microcystin-LR was detected in water samples. Four hours after exposure, the patient showed nausea, abdominal pain and fever. Three days later, dyspnea and respiratory distress were reported. The patient was hospitalized in intensive care and diagnosed with an atypical pneumonia. Finally, a week after the exposure, the patient developed a hepatotoxicosis with a significant increase of hepatic damage biomarkers (ALT, AST and γGT). Complete recovery took place within 20 days. This is the first study to show an acute intoxication with microcystin-producing cyanobacteria blooms in recreational water.  相似文献   

7.
近年来我国黄淮海夏大豆产区频繁出现症青，严重威胁本地的大豆生产。本研究通过人工气候室模拟干热浪胁迫，在大豆花荚期（R2-R4）进行持续3 d和7 d的干热胁迫处理，探究干热浪与大豆症青之间的关联性。研究结果表明：大豆盛花期遭遇持续3 d的模拟干热浪处理后，大豆植株生长正常，而持续7 d的处理则导致部分大豆植株出现症青。进一步的研究证实，从盛花期（R2期）到盛荚期（R4期）任何一个阶段遭遇连续7 d的模拟干热浪胁迫，都会导致大豆植株有效荚数和正常粒数严重下降，其中有效荚数降幅顺序为R3（85.14%）>R2（62.12%）>R4（50.97%），正常粒数降幅顺序为R3（81.02%）>R2（60.00%）>R4（56.32%）。因此，结荚初期（R3）持续7 d的模拟干热浪胁迫可导致大豆症青发生。同时提出，将大豆症青划分为荚而不实型、无荚型、局部型和全株滞育型四种类型。建议用底部节位新叶再生和花芽再分化现象进行大豆症青的早期诊断。  相似文献   

8.
Fucoidans constitute a large family of sulfated polysaccharides with several biochemical properties. A commercial fucoidan from brown algae, containing low molecular weight polysaccharidic species constituted of l-fucose, uronic acids and sulfate groups, was simply treated here with calcium acetate solution. This treatment led to a purified fraction with a yield of 45%. The physicochemical characterizations of the purified fucoidan using colorimetric assay, MALLS, dRI, FT-IR, NMR, exhibited molecular weight distributions and chemical profiles similar for both fucoidans whereas the sulfate and l-fucose contents increased by 16% and 71%, respectively. The biodistribution study in rat of both compounds labeled with 99mTc evidenced a predominant renal elimination of the purified fucoidan, but the crude fucoidan was mainly retained in liver and spleen. In rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, we then demonstrated the better efficiency of the purified fucoidan. This purified sulfated polysaccharide appears promising for the development of molecular imaging in acute coronary syndrome.  相似文献   

9.
M Mizuno  Y Ito  BP Morgan 《Marine drugs》2012,10(7):1582-1604
In the natural world, there are many creatures with venoms that have interesting and varied activities. Although the sea anemone, a member of the phylum Coelenterata, has venom that it uses to capture and immobilise small fishes and shrimp and for protection from predators, most sea anemones are harmless to man. However, a few species are highly toxic; some have venoms containing neurotoxins, recently suggested as potential immune-modulators for therapeutic application in immune diseases. Phyllodiscus semoni is a highly toxic sea anemone; the venom has multiple effects, including lethality, hemolysis and renal injuries. We previously reported that venom extracted from Phyllodiscus semoni induced acute glomerular endothelial injuries in rats resembling hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), accompanied with complement dysregulation in glomeruli and suggested that the model might be useful for analyses of pathology and development of therapeutic approaches in HUS. In this mini-review, we describe in detail the venom-induced acute renal injuries in rat and summarize how the venom of Phyllodiscus semoni could have potential as a tool for analyses of complement activation and therapeutic interventions in HUS.  相似文献   

10.
Osteomyelitis as a medical term defining a specific type of infection may be classified in acute and chronic form. In our case an acute mandibular osteomyelitis is reported with evaluation of the clinical and histological examination. The biological course of the disease determined on that basis. The significance of this report focused on the early diagnosis and the possible need for bone biopsy.  相似文献   

11.
低钾胁迫对耐低钾基因型杂交水稻呼吸代谢的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
低钾胁迫对耐低钾基因型杂交水稻呼吸代谢的影响沈伟其,陈建荣（浙江农村技术师范专科学校,宁波３１５１０１）关键词：杂交水稻;低钾胁迫;呼吸代谢ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＰｏｔａｓｓｉｕｍＤｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＳｔｒｅｓｓｏｎＲｅｓｐｉｒａｔｏｒｙＭｅｔａｂｏｌｉｓｍ...  相似文献   

12.
储存玉米生理指标的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
周显青  张玉荣  张勇 《玉米科学》2007,15(4):096-099
对同一区域不同储存年限玉米样品的生活力、发芽率、呼吸强度3个生理指标及脂肪酸值进行了测定,并使用SPSS统计软件对数据作了差异显著性分析、相关性分析。结果表明:储存0～3年的玉米发芽率、呼吸强度、脂肪酸值各自间都呈显著性差异,除储存2、3年玉米的生活力无显著差异外,其它储存年限的生活力间呈显著性差异。储存时间和生活力、发芽率、呼吸强度、脂肪酸值分别呈极显著相关性;发芽率分别与生活力、呼吸强度、脂肪酸值呈极显著相关性;生活力、呼吸强度、脂肪酸值两两间呈显著相关性。  相似文献   

13.
Respiratory system is the primary settlement place of opportunistic organisms and considered as chief carrier of common respiratory pathogens. The aim of the study was to know the opportunistic organisms present in the healthy subjects as well as subjects that were suffering from respiratory symptoms. The organisms were identified as per standard bacteriological protocol and pathogenicity tests of the identified organisms were performed in mouse model. Antibiotic sensitivity of the identified organisms was performed. The bacterial flora present in the throat swab of apparently healthy as well as subjects suffering from respiratory symptoms were: Staphylococcus spp. (39.44%) of which Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (21.13%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (18.31%), Klebsiella spp. (19.72%), Pseudomonas spp. (15.49%), Proteus spp. (4.23%), E. coli (9.86%) and Bacillus spp. (11.27%). Among the isolates Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas were the predominant species. Percentages of identified bacteria were higher in respiratory symptoms exhibiting individuals (53.52%) than apparently healthy individuals (46.48%). All coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from respiratory symptoms' subjects were found to be pathogenic. The isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin but sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Isolated Pseudomonas spp. showed multidrugs resistant properties. The study provided information about the pathogenic organisms' present respiratory systems of apparently healthy as well as subjects suffering from respiratory symptoms. The pathogenic natures of the isolated organisms were determined to make aware of scientists as well as clinicians. Antibiotics sensitivity assays would provide information to the clinicians for the selection of appropriate antibiotics to treat their patients.  相似文献   

14.
不同施氮处理对水稻颖果灌浆和呼吸活性的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
为了研究施氮量和施氮时期对水稻颖果生理活性的影响,以一籼一粳两个水稻品种为材料,施用分蘖肥和孕穗肥,并在施氮总量相同的条件下设置了前高后低和前低后高两个处理。研究结果表明：增施氮肥维持了水稻颖果灌浆后期较高的含水率,延长了颖果灌浆充实的时间;维持了水稻颖果灌浆充实期尤其是灌浆后期较高的呼吸速率,并且使颖果维持较高呼吸活性的时间延长;延长了颖果各组织维持脱氢酶活性的时间。其中孕穗肥较高的施氮处理比分蘖肥较高的施氮处理效果更为显著。  相似文献   

15.
Early acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complication in critical burn patients, and it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of AKI is multifactorial. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a natural compound that is widely distributed in marine organisms; it is a strong antioxidant and exhibits other biological effects that have been well studied in various traumatic injuries and diseases. Hence, we attempted to explore the potential protection of ATX against early post burn AKI and its possible mechanisms of action. The classic severe burn rat model was utilized for the histological and biochemical assessments of the therapeutic value and mechanisms of action of ATX. Upon ATX treatment, renal tubular injury and the levels of serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were improved. Furthermore, relief of oxidative stress and tubular apoptosis in rat kidneys post burn was also observed. Additionally, ATX administration increased Akt and Bad phosphorylation and further down-regulated the expression of other downstream pro-apoptotic proteins (cytochrome c and caspase-3/9); these effects were reversed by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, the protective effect of ATX presents a dose-dependent enhancement. The data above suggested that ATX protects against early AKI following severe burns in rats, which was attributed to its ability to ameliorate oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis by modulating the mitochondrial-apoptotic pathway, regarded as the Akt/Bad/Caspases signalling cascade.  相似文献   

16.
A 5 min evacuation technique utilizing the purging effect of steam, and the vacuum produced by its condensation, was used to collect and compare O2, CO2, ethanol and ethylene from potato tubers surface treated with substances inhibiting normal respiratory exchange.  相似文献   

17.
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli constitute a subset of serotypes (E. coli O157 and some other serogroups) of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli firmly associated with severe human illnesses like bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen. They rarely cause disease in animals, live in the intestines of healthy sheep and ruminants are recognized as their main natural reservoir, so they can contaminate meat during slaughtering practices. The purpose of this study was epidemiological survey on the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 in healthy sheep in Shiraz-Iran. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect the Stx2 gene the only bacterial factor that has been associated with more severe disease. During a period of 7 months (December 2005 to June 2006), 153 slaughtered sheep at Shiraz slaughterhouse, were randomly selected and examined for surface carriage of E. coli O157:H7 by conventional plating and Stx2 gene detection by PCR technique. E. coli O157:H7 was found in 6(3.92%) of 153 sheep. The bacteria were isolated from 5(3.34%) of 114 and 1(2.63%) of 38 sheep two or under two and more than 2 years old, respectively (p = 0.5). The contamination rate might vary depending on season, age and infection time. The higher frequency for younger animals may be due to differences in the composition of the gastrointestinal flora resulting from differences in diet. This is the first report of the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in sheep from Iran.  相似文献   

18.
Drought stress is one of the major constraints affecting rice production and yield stability in the rainfed regions. To understand the physiological basis of drought resistance related component traits, we used a backcross inbred population of rice under three kinds of moisture regimes viz., non-stress, moderate （24.48%） and severe stress （73.97%） conditions which reflect the differential responses of the genotypes to varying stress intensities. The plot yield, 1000-grain weight, panicle exsertion and canopy air temperature difference exhibited high heritability under the control conditions, whereas spikelet sterility and single plant yield exhibited high heritability under the moderate stress conditions. Traits such as days to 50% flowering, plant height and osmotic potential showed high heritability under the severe stress conditions. Plot yield under stress was significantly and positively correlated with harvest index and 1000-grain weight, but negatively associated with leaf rolling score and days to 50% flowering. The drought susceptibility index and drought response index were negatively correlated between each other both under the moderate and severe stress conditions. The derived traits viz., difference in panicle length between the control and the severe stress was associated with osmotic adjustment measured under field conditions. Difference in plant height and panicle length was negatively associated with plot yield under stress.  相似文献   

19.
Fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) from sea cucumber is a potent anticoagulant by inhibiting intrinsic coagulation tenase (iXase). However, high-molecular-weight FGs can activate platelets and plasma contact system, and induce hypotension in rats, which limits its application. Herein, we found that FG from T. ananas (TaFG) and FG from H. fuscopunctata (HfFG) at 4.0 mg/kg (i.v.) could cause significant cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction in rats, even lethality, while their depolymerized products had no obvious side effects. After injection, native FG increased rat plasma kallikrein activity and levels of the vasoactive peptide bradykinin (BK), consistent with their contact activation activity, which was assumed to be the cause of hypotension in rats. However, the hemodynamic effects of native FG cannot be prevented by the BK receptor antagonist. Further study showed that native FG induced in vivo procoagulation, thrombocytopenia, and pulmonary embolism. Additionally, its lethal effect could be prevented by anticoagulant combined with antiplatelet drugs. In summary, the acute toxicity of native FG is mainly ascribed to pulmonary microvessel embolism due to platelet aggregation and contact activation-mediated coagulation, while depolymerized FG is a safe anticoagulant candidate by selectively targeting iXase.  相似文献   

20.
蓝光对水稻幼苗呼吸代谢的影响   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  
 就蓝光对水稻幼苗呼吸代谢的影响进行了研究。蓝光下生长幼苗叶片呼吸速率较白光幼苗提高了50%。蓝光处理提高了幼苗丙酮酸激酶和苹果酸脱氢酶的活性。丙二酸和正磷酸钠对蓝光幼苗叶片呼吸速率的抑制率分别为76%和24%；而对相应的白光幼苗的抑制率分别为70%和32%。这些结果说明蓝光主要是通过EMP-TCA途径而加强呼吸。蓝光处理提高了幼苗叶片ATP含量。  相似文献   

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