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波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为研究波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良作用,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(A-PAGE)电泳技术对60个波兰小麦×普通小麦中13后代株系的醇溶蛋白位点进行了检测.结果表明,波兰小麦与普通小麦杂交后代醇溶蛋白存在丰富的变异类型,共产生了34条迁移率不同的醇溶蛋白谱带,其中,α区2条,β区24条,γ区4条,ω区4条.每个株系具有7～21条带,多数株系为12～19条,平均15.68条.醇溶蛋白遗传多样性指数(H')及多态性信息含量(PIC)分析结果显示,β区醇溶蛋白组成最为丰富,而α区最低.供试材料间存在较大的遗传变异,在GD值0.38水平上可聚为4类.波兰小麦醇溶蛋白谱带在BC<,1F<,2中出现的频率比BC<,2中更高,变异更为丰富.杂交后代中出现了4条双亲不具有的新谱带.分析表明,波兰小麦对普通小麦醇溶蛋白的改良有十分明显的作用. 相似文献
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新疆阿勒泰圆形奶花芸豆以粒大皮薄的突出特点享誉国内外,并在我国奶花芸豆的对外出口贸易中占主导地位,主要供应欧洲等发达国家市场.近年来,由于市场的驱动,新疆奶花芸豆的播种面积趋于增加,但随着种植年代的增长和播种面积的扩大,品种退化和病虫害的发生日趋加重,严重威胁着新疆奶花芸豆产业的发展.针对这些情况,新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所组织新疆境内的豆类专家从奶花芸豆品种选育、病虫害防治、栽培技术研究和综合示范等四个方面开展了攻关,已初步形成一套奶花芸豆的栽培管理方法,现简介如下: 相似文献
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Walter C. Sparks 《American Journal of Potato Research》1964,41(9):292-293
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乌拉尔图小麦（Triticum urartu Tum．）和栽培一粒小麦（Triticum monococcum L．）是普通小麦的两个二倍体野生种，是进行小麦遗传改良的重要遗传资源。为了将其抗白粉病和抗条锈病基因转移到普通小麦中，用普通小麦分别与两份乌拉尔图小麦材料1010013和1010015及一份栽培一粒小麦材料1010048配制杂交组合。结果表明，乌拉尔图小麦与普通小麦杂交不能正常结实，必须进行幼胚拯救。成胚率为14．77％；而栽培一粒小麦与普通小麦杂交可正常结实，但结实率很低。杂种F1自交不育，与普通小麦回交可正常结实．但BC1自交结实率极低。对普通小麦与乌拉尔图小麦杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ的观察结果表明，平均单价体为17．36个．二价体为5．32个。进一步对杂种后代进行抗病鉴定和遗传分析，乌拉尔图小麦1010013和1010015分别含有一对显性抗白粉病基因。栽培一粒小麦1010048含有两对独立遗传的显性抗条锈病基因，并分别在杂种后代BC2F1和BC1F2中获得了染色体正常（2n=42）、细胞学稳定且抗性与供体亲本一致的抗白粉病和抗备锈病植株。说明来自二倍体乌拉尔图和栽培一粒小麦的抗病基因已通过遗传重组导入到普通小麦中。研究还发现普通小麦莱州953与乌拉尔图小麦和栽培一粒小麦杂交的结实率与中国春的同样高，表明其可能携带有远缘杂交亲和基因。 相似文献
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A. Sharaf M. B. E. Fayez S. A. R. Negm 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1967,14(4):331-336
Summary B-Sitosterol, Friedelin, D-Mannitol, Ursolic and Betulic acids were detected in the different parts ofPunica granatum L.
Biological testing of the various extracts of the leaves, seeds, root and stem bark revealed their hypotensive, antispasmodic
and anthelmintic effects. D-Mannitol was found to possess some anthelmintic properties and possible constipating value. Hormonal
experiments on the oil showed that it has an oestrogenic activity but is devoid of any androgenic effect.
with 5 figs. 相似文献
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山奈组织培养 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以山奈的带芽块茎为试验材料,研究其表面消毒的方法和不同配比培养基对山奈块茎诱导、增殖以及生根的影响.结果表明:外植体表面消毒采用体积分数75%酒精消毒1 min,无菌水漂洗1次,然后用质量分数0.1%升汞浸泡10min,无菌水漂洗2次后,再用0.1%升汞浸泡6min,无菌水漂洗4次效果为最佳,污染率可降至6.67%;适宜的诱导培养基为MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,芽的萌发率达100%,分化率达146.67%;增殖培养基以MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L为最好,增殖倍数可达6.1倍;适宜的生根培养基为MS+NAA0.1 mg/L.生根率可达100%;试管苗移栽到疏松透气的基质中即可,成活率可达93%. 相似文献
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《Industrial Crops and Products》2000,11(2-3):139-143
Lunaria annua is a biennial cruciferous oil seed crop. The seeds contain 30–35% oil, which consists of 67% long chain fatty acids (44% erucic acid, C22:1, and 23% nervonic acid, C24:1). The oil is suitable as lubricant. In addition, recent developments indicate that nervonic acid may be used as raw material for the production of a medicine against multiple sclerosis. The biennial character of Lunaria is a main constraint for an economically feasible production of Lunaria oil. The crop has to be sown early in the summer to achieve vigorous plant development required for vernalization during the winter. It would be a great advance when Lunaria could be sown later in the summer after an early harvested crop. From 1993, breeding research in Lunaria has been performed at CPRO-DLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands. A collection of 76 accessions was maintained and evaluated for agronomic performance. In 1995, a selection of 24 accessions were sown at four sowing dates, from end June until end of August and in 1996, 12 promising accessions were sown again at 15 and 30 July. Three accessions showed suitability for delayed sowing until beginning of August. Delay in sowing time caused also delay of flowering and seed ripening. Seed yield amounted to 1200 kg/ha in 1996 and 1700 kg/ha in 1997. Seed oil content varied from 30–38%. Severe infection of Albugo candida and Alternaria occurred and might have reduced seed yield in both years. Most accessions sustained severe winter frost of−17°C very well. It is concluded that within the evaluated gene pool promising variation is available to select for ability for late sowing, to improve the disease resistance and to increase seed yield and seed oil content. 相似文献
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为了探讨波兰小麦对普通小麦品质指标的改良作用,测定了波兰小麦×中13杂交后代41个株系的蛋白质含量、沉降值及面筋含量.结果表明,杂交后代株系平均蛋白质含量、沉降值、干面筋含量和湿面筋含量都显著高于普通小麦亲本中13.杂交后代株系的蛋白质含量平均值与优质对照品种小偃6号间没有显著差异,而且有5个株系还高于对照,但杂交后代株系的平均沉降值和平均湿面筋舍量没有达到小偃6号的水平.BC1自交后代株系与BC2自交后代株系间的平均蛋白质含量和平均干、湿面筋含量没有显著性差异.这些结果表明,波兰小麦对普通小麦蛋白质含量、沉降值和面筋含量具有显著改良作用. 相似文献
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Cover crops may suppress weeds due to their competitive effects and the release of inhibitory compounds. We examined the inhibitory influence of 11 cover crop mulches on the germination and growth of weed species (Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Chenopodium album L. and Matricaria chamomilla L.) in laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments. In the laboratory, cover crop extracts were tested in germination bioassays at six concentrations (0–500 mg ml−1). The germination rate and root length (i) were measured 10 days after treatment (DAT). Pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse to investigate the effects of cover crop mulch (ii) incorporated into the soil on weed germination and weed dry mass. Field trials measured the suppressive effects of cover crops and cover crop mixtures on weeds (iii). Correlations were determined between the experiments to quantify the competition and the biochemical effects of cover crops separately. Cover crop extracts at a concentration of 125 mg ml−1 (i) significantly reduced the weed germination rate by 47% and the root length by 32% on average. M. chamomilla showed a lower susceptibility to the extracts of S. alba, R. sativus var. niger and H. annuus compared to C. album and S. media. The mulch-soil mixtures (ii) significantly reduced the germination rate by 50% and the dry mass by 47% on average across all three weed species, while M. chamomilla showed the highest tolerance to the mulches of V. sativa and A. strigosa. The correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between extract toxicity and field weed suppression and, thus, indicated a high impact of the biochemical effects of the tested cover crops on weed suppression, especially for S. media and M. chamomilla. 相似文献
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属间杂交获得的甘蓝型油菜雄性不育材料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用蕾期剥蕾授粉的方法,成功获得了新疆野生油菜野油2000-1和甘蓝型油菜Parol属间杂种。杂种F1育性极低,自由授粉条件下获得少量F2种子。在F2群体中成功选择到一株雄性不育株,用Parol做轮回亲本与不育株回交,BC1、BC2和BC3群体中可育株与不育株均呈1﹕1分离。用波里马细胞质雄性不育的保持系和恢复系、681A的保持系和恢复系、隐性核不育86A的保持系及其它33个甘蓝型油菜品系与BC2群体中的不育株测交,测交后代可育株与不育株呈5﹕3分离的组合有20个,呈1﹕1分离的组合有14个,呈3﹕1分离的组合有3个,有一个组合的后代完全可育,表明该雄性不育材料可能为显性核不育。 相似文献
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The unripe fruits ofSolanum pseudomeum were found to contain two glyco-alkaloids, identified as solamargine and solasonine. The glyco-alkaloids fraction afforded after hydrolysis one steroidal alkaloid, identified as solasodine. The neutral glycoside fraction, gave after hydrolysis a steroid sapogenin: chlorogenin. Three phytosterols were isolated from the unsaponifiable matter of the lipid fraction, identified as -sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol.
Zusammenfassung Man fand, daß die unreifen Früchte vonSolanum pseudomeum zwei Glyco-Alkaloide, nämlich Solamargin und Solasonin, enthalten. Die Fraktion der Glyco-Alkaloide ergab nach der Hydrolyse ein Steroid-Alkaloid, dieses wurde als Solasodin identifiziert. Die neutrale Glykosid-Fraktion ergab nach der Hydrolyse das Steroid-Sapogenin Chlorogenin. Die Auftrennung des unverseifbaren Anteils der Lipid-Fraktion ergab drei Phytosterine, die als -Sitosterin, Campesterin und Stigmasterin identifiziert wurden.
Résumé Les fruits verts (non mûrs) duSolanum pseudomeum, contiennent deux glycoalcaloides, identifiés comme suit: solamargine et solasonine. Un alcaloide stéroidique a été obtenu par hydrolyse de la fraction glyco-alcaloides; et identifié comme suit: solasodine. La fraction glycosidique neutre, a donné après hydrolyse un sapogenin stéroidique chlorogenin. Trois phytosterols ont été isolés de la masse non-saponifiable de la fraction lipide et identifiés comme suit; -sitosterol, campesterol et stigmasterol.相似文献
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Syamasundar Joshi 《Crop Protection》1991,10(6):429-431