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为了解我国近十年来生态文明城市建设方面的研究状况，采用文献计量学等统计方法，对2002～2012年我国生态文明城市建设研究方面的期刊文献进行了分类统计分析。结果共检索出生态文明城市建设方面的期刊文献449篇。其中不同期刊的载文分布，发文量达10篇以上的期刊有3种，占12％。不同年份发文量，2003年发表的期刊量最少，仅6篇；2010年最多，达93篇。不同作者发文量，发文量为1篇的作者最多，占94％；发文量有2篇的作者有12人；发文量有3篇的作者仅有1人。作者隶属机构分布，有9个文献作者的隶属机构在此期间的发文量多于3篇，占11．4％。期刊文献隶属的学科，在宏观经济管理与可持续发展学科，发文量最多，有147篇，占32．7％。期刊文献的研究层次，基础研究层次中的发文量多达201篇，占44．8％。期刊文献的研究角度，理论研究196篇，占44％；实践研究252篇，占56％，两者差不多各占一半。期刊文献的理论研究内容，对生态文明城市建设途径的研究期刊数量最多，有68篇，占理论研究期刊总数的34．7％，占总数的15．1％。 相似文献
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以中国知网(CNKI)收录的《林业调查规划》期刊2018—2022年刊发的1 165篇文献为研究数据,运用CiteSpace 6.1.R6可视化分析软件对《林业调查规划》期刊近5年刊载文献的作者、发文机构、高频关键词、基金论文占比等进行分析研究。结果表明,《林业调查规划》期刊已形成了由郑进烜、郭晋平、华朝朗等一大批专家学者组成的核心作者群体,形成了由云南省林业调查规划院、西南大学、河南农业大学、山西农业大学、广东林业调查规划院等数十家林业科研院所、高等院校组成的高质量稿件来源基地。期刊发文关键词以植物配置、景观设计、生态旅游等出现的频率最高,在5年刊载的文献中有502篇文献得到各类基金项目的支持,基金论文比超过43%,且呈不断增长趋势。《林业调查规划》期刊已成为展示我国林业调查规划研究成果的重要平台,积极引导研究者加强交流合作,不断拓宽稿源,适时开展国际合作,将有助于期刊影响力的提升。 相似文献
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The current state of cooperation in private forestry in Lithuania is examined, with a focus on the analysis of objectives,
organisational structure and the ways forest owners’ cooperatives operate. A postal survey has been used as a main research
instrument, the questionnaire consisting of a series of multiplechoice close-ended questions. This paper provides insights
into the state forest enterprises and other private companies operating in the private forestry sector, and places forest
owners’ cooperatives in a broader context of the private forestry sector. A typical forest owner’s cooperative in Lithuania
has up to 10 members and about 20 clients to whom services are provided. The leaders of cooperatives indicate that the optimal
number of clients using their services should not exceed 40. The main stated objectives of cooperatives are the provision
of services to their members under the most attractive conditions, uniting members, and earning a profit for the members.
These activities of cooperatives revolve around timber harvesting and trade. It is concluded that the process of cooperation
of private forest owners in Lithuania is rather slow, although positive development can be observed. 相似文献
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Dendrolimus superans (Butler) occurred in the vast areas of Daxing’an Mountains forest, in Heilongjiang Province, in 1990. Stands damaged byI). Superans seriously, intermediately and lightly show patch shape distribution within damaged area. By ordination analysis and correlation
analysis between ordination factors and coordinate axis. It was found that occurrence ofD Superans in different extent is owing to the effect of forest age, composition and exposure. The tended young pure forests grown on
the sunward slopes are most seriously damaged and non-tended middle-age mixing stands grown on the sunless slopes are most
lightly damaged. Therefore, in order to preventD. superans from seriously damaging larch forests, relatively large crown density (P > 0. 7) should be kept, and broadleaf trees should
be also properly preserved.
This research project was supported by Scientific and Techndogical Committee of Heilongjiang Province 相似文献
6.
Barriers and Opportunities for the Development of Small-scale Forest Enterprises in Europe 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
The article introduces the background and summarises main research findings of the research articles in this special issue.
The focus is on the key issues relevant for forest-based entrepreneurship development in small-scale forestry in relation
to both wood and non-wood forest products and services (NWFP&S). The article draws special attention to changing forest ownership,
changing owners’ motives and values, and the evolving role of forest owners’ associations in Europe. The paper draws attention
to the finding that many small-scale forest owners do not treat their forest as an income-generating asset. The ownership
of the forests may be more important as symbolic capital than as a source of income. This is quite opposite to the traditional
wood production model that for instance most of the Forest Owners Association’s still follow. In relation to NWFP&S, the taxonomy
and indicators for NWFP&S are discussed and some conclusions from studies on forest recreation innovation and NWFP&S marketing
are presented. The NWFP&S sector is traditionally product-oriented, which is strategically peculiar because the long distances
from rural production areas to the customers would suggest highest orientation on marketing. Also surprising is the low level
of segmentation in the sector.
相似文献
| B. SleeEmail: |
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International and national development programs in Nepal place high priority on management of forests for biodiversity. Communities
are expected to embrace and cooperate in this endeavour for biodiversity conservation, yet little research has been carried
out to understand community viewpoints on biodiversity conservation, or even to ascertain people’s understanding of the concept
of biodiversity. This paper explores perceptions and concepts related to biodiversity and its conservation held by people
involved in community forestry in Nepal. Data were obtained from in-depth individual interviews and focus group discussions
carried out in two contrasting geographical districts. The results show that the Western term ‘biodiversity’, translated into
Nepalese as jaiwik bibidhata, is new and confusing to most forest people, who interpret the term in a variety of ways. People’s perceptions of biodiversity
vary widely and a considerable gap exists between policy-makers and forest users in the understanding and interpretation of
this Nepalese term and its related concepts. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation
of development programs and in formulation of forest policy in Nepal. 相似文献
8.
By investigation, studying and discussion for 9 years, the determination that it should bePinus sibirica growing in the Mohc county, Daxing’anling Mountains area, China, rather thanpinus koraiensis there, is made to correct a false argument in some works from 1950s’ till now thatPinus koraiensis area limit reach Daxing’anling Mountain. The results are as follows: (1) The species so called asPinus koraiensis found in northwest of Daxing’anling Mountain isPinus Sibirica indeed; There are no natural distribution ofPinus Koraiensis in Daxing’anling Mountain. Its northwest area limit only reach Shengshan, Aihui county; (3) There is about 500km of space
between the area limits ofPinus koraiensis and that ofPinus sibirica, no mixed growing area. According to above, a sketch map is made to describe different area limit of the two species at Daxing’anling
Mountain and nearby. 相似文献
9.
This paper reports experiences of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) Smallholder Forestry Project in the establishment of working relationships with a people’s organisation in Leyte Province, Philippines. Strategies adopted
in building a partnership with the organisation through the establishment of a community nursery, conduct of field trial research
and the emerging practical impacts on smallholders are specifically discussed. Information presented in this paper is the
outcome of documented field experiences during the research as well as informal discussions with members of the people’s organisation.
This project illustrates that within-community research can be an effective extension tool if local people are given the chance
to participate in all stages of planning and implementation. Mere participation in research activities, however, is not enough.
Continuing interaction between the researchers and the local people is crucial in paving the way to partnership building.
The developmental partnership that was established has created practical impacts which may lead to more widespread adoption
and promotion of farm and community forestry in Leyte Province. 相似文献
10.
Shin-Ichi Yamamoto 《Journal of Forest Research》2000,5(4):223-229
When one or a few canopy trees die (or are injured) in a forest, small openings, which are called ‘gaps,’ are formed in the
forest canopy and are then filled with other trees. This sort of forest dynamics is termed gap dynamics; a large number of
papers and data on gap dynamics have been accumulated since the 1970’s, and gap dynamics has been described in many forest
types. In this review, I introduce the basic concepts of gap dynamics and summarize major issues on gap dynamics relating
to tree regeneration, with many references. Although enormous studies on gap dynamics of natural forests have been conducted,
applications of gap dynamics to forest practice are limited. However, accumulated knowledge on gap dynamics should be useful
for sustainable forest ecosystem management, as much of the literature suggests.
Recipient of the Japanese Forestry Society Award 2000. 相似文献
11.
Gudeta Weldesemayat Sileshi Elias Kuntashula Patrick Matakala Philip O. Nkunika 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):87-101
Pest management research within the context of agroforestry is in its infancy, and it is often difficult to say when a particular
pest justifies investment in research to establish facts. Understanding the potentials and drawbacks of farmers’ indigenous
ecological knowledge (ethnoecology) may form the basis for constructive collaboration between farmers, agroforestry scientists
and extension staff. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to (1) assess farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of pests,
(2) prioritize pest problems that limit tree planting and maize production based on farmers’ own criteria and (3) to identify
farmers’ indigenous pest management practices for priority pests. Data were collected using community meetings, individual
interviews and direct observation by the first author. The farmers involved in this study in eastern Zambia had over ten years
of experience, while most of the farmers in Mozambique and parts of southern Malawi were new to agroforestry. Farmers perceived
insects as the major causes of tree mortality, followed by drought, bush fires and browsing by livestock. Among the biological
constraints to maize production, insects (particularly termites and stalk bores) and weeds (particularly Striga asiatica) were more important in farmers’ minds than crop diseases. Fundamentally, the farmers’ perception of the causes of tree mortality
and crop pests agreed with researchers’ perceptions and the literature. Both termite and witch weed problems were associated
with low soil quality, and farmers use various indigenous control practices to control these pests. Some farmers did not know
the causes of tree mortality, and hence do not take action. Farmer’s perception of tree mortality was found to be a function
of operator-specific variables such as sex, level of education and years of experience with tree species. 相似文献
12.
The oak (Quercus robur L.) regeneration intensity was assessed in the core area of the Białowieża National Park (BNP) in Poland with respect to
the selected ecological factors. The emphasis was placed on the response of oak regeneration to disturbances, including the
large-scale dieback of spruce stands. Defining their effect could help predicting the role of oak in naturally developing
lowland forest ecosystems in the European hemiboreal zone. The results of the study challenge the opinion that the ‘lime-oak-hornbeam
forest’ is a ‘climax’ community, confirming a very poor regeneration represented by only two saplings taller than 0.5 m per
hectare. By contrast, in spruce-dominated communities, from 49 to 848 taller saplings per hectare were found. The occurrence
of saplings was associated with discontinuous canopy of late seral stage of stands, as well as with large gaps. Most of the
best quality grown-up oak saplings developed in the immediate neighbourhood of spruce logs. The results of the research indicate
that ‘lime-oak-hornbeam forest’ (Tilio-Carpinetum) should be rather perceived as a transient community, evolved from relict, culturally modified, oak woodlands. Because spruce
had become a dominating species only after abandoning in mid-1800s the historical regime of anthropogenic disturbances (involving
frequent forest fires), the observed phenomena related to the disintegration of spruce stands had probably no precedent over
the last 500 years. To confirm whether the massive decline of spruce stands will finally result in the successful establishment
of the new canopy oak generation, both in Białowieża and other forests of hemiboreal zone, further research is needed. 相似文献
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14.
A method of determining the Young’s modulus of timber using the stress wave propagation velocity without knowing the timber
density was developed in our previous study. This method enables the estimation of Young’s modulus by Monte Carlo simulation
using an existing database of the Young’s modulus versus density relationship as reference. Here, in Part II, we consider
the effect of the reference distribution database on the accuracy of the estimated Young’s modulus by the developed method.
Twelve different reference distribution databases were used in this study, containing Young’s modulus versus density data
for more than 13 000 real-size timber specimens of ten different species. We obtained the following results: (1) the distribution
of Young’s modulus estimated using an arbitrary stress wave propagation velocity depends on the reference distribution database
employed, (2) the most important factor is not that the reference database has data on the same species as the timber in the
test, but rather that the reference distribution database covers the foreseeable range of timber densities within the test,
and (3) the estimation accuracy is higher than about 80% when the database covers many species and has wide ranges of densities
and Young’s moduli. This estimation method was developed in order to measure the Young’s modulus of timber whose density cannot
be measured. Considering that the quality of lumber has a large variation, such estimation accuracy will be useful for practical
applications. 相似文献
15.
New challenges are facing the managers of the world’s forests, with stakeholders demanding a broader range of goods and services.
Balancing the demand for forest products and the responsibility for forest protection is not an easy task. The earlier narrow
perspective of wood-resources sustainability has often been transferred to an equally narrow biological diversity conservation
perspective. Segregation, in which most of the fiber is produced in plantations, attempts to solve the conflict between conservation
and wood production. Biotechnology offers a strategy to gain more wood on less land and with less harm to the environment.
The traditional forest research community has not always been able to react properly and promptly to the needs of the users
of research results. Consequently, forest research has lost ground to other disciplines. Forest researchers should not consider
the newcomers as competitors but instead should try to create more collaboration with those who are interested in solving
forest-related problems but do not belong to the old forestry family. There is also a clear need to improve the interface
between the research and user communities. Very often the problem is not so much a need to obtain more data than in discovering
how to find the most appropriate existing information. In general, forest research should be more cost-efficient. Adopting
a more business-like environment should not, however, lead to an excessively result-oriented, short-term way of thinking,
to the extent that basic research, and also quality of research, would be in danger. 相似文献
16.
Choosing What to Believe About Forests: Differences Between Professional and Non-Professional Evaluative Criteria 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Roje S. Gootee Keith A. Blatner David M. Baumgartner Matthew S. Carroll Edward P. Weber 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(2):137-152
This study examined the process of information exchange between natural resource management professionals and forest owners
to determine whether and how professionals could improve their ability to persuade forest owners to adopt recommended stewardship
practices. Using the inductive ‘grounded theory’ method of qualitative research, 109 stakeholders throughout the State of
Washington, USA were interviewed and asked to discuss their information sources and preferences. The study findings reveal
that many natural resource management professionals may not correctly anticipate how forest owners evaluate new forest management
information. Professionals in the study typically chose and evaluated new information on the basis of established standards
of scientific credibility, including peer review or the professional reputation of the individuals and institutions conducting
the research or publishing the information. Most professionals expected forest owners would do the same. Forest owners with
non-professional backgrounds, however, were often unfamiliar with or unimpressed by such credentials, and often used a very
different evaluative screen. Willingness to adopt information was greatly influenced by their social impressions of the individuals
delivering it. When a professional pressed for an ‘expert to non-expert’ relationship or did not establish a mutually respectful
interpersonal learning atmosphere, non-professional forest owners frequently resisted not only that individual, but also the
information they provided. This paper links these findings to androgogy (adult learning theory), and demonstrates that the
natural resource professionals most effective with forest owners are those providing what the established literature describes
as classic elements of a good adult learning environment. These elements include empathy, mutual respect, non-hierarchical
information exchange, praxis, emphasis on experiential rather than passive learning, and evidence that tangible results may
be expected. An improved understanding of the fundamentals of the adult learning process can be expected to enhance the effectiveness
of natural resource professionals in information exchange with forest owners. 相似文献
17.
Under artificially-simulated complex salt-alkali stress, the levels of active oxygen metabolism in roots were studied using three-year-old cutting seedlings of Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Mound’ and Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Flame’. The present study aimed at exploring the antioxidant capacity in roots of spiraeas and revealing their adaptability to salt-alkali stress. Results indicate that the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates and MDA contents in roots of Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Mound’ and Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Flame’ show an increasing tendency with the increases of the salinity and pH value, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) all increased firstly and then decreased. With the increase in intensity of salt-alkali stress, the CAT activity in roots of Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Flame’ is higher and the increasing extents in the oxygen free radicals contents, electrolyte leakage rates as well as MDA contents are lower compared with Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Mound’, indicating that Spiraea × bumalda ’Gold Flame’ has a stronger antioxidant capacity. 相似文献
18.
Ajit Menon Christelle Hinnewinkel Claude Garcia Sylvie Guillerme Nitin Rai Siddhartha Krishnan 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(4):515-527
Rural people in developing countries including India continue to access a number of types of ‘forests’ to meet specific needs
such as fuelwood, fodder, food, non-timber forest produce and timber for both subsistence and income generation. While a plethora
of terms exist to describe the types of forests that rural people use—such as farm forests, social forests, community forests
and small-scale forests—the expression domestic forest has recently been proposed. Domestic forest is a term aimed at capturing the diversity of forests transformed and managed
by rural communities and a way to introduce a new scientific domain that recognises that production and conservation can be
reconciled and that local communities can be effective managers. This paper argues in the context of the central Western Ghats
of south India that while the domestic forest concept is a useful umbrella term to capture the diversity of forests used by
rural people, these domestic forests are often not autonomous local forests but sites of contestation between local actors
and the state forest bureaucracy. Hence, a paradigm shift within the forest bureaucracy will only occur if the scientific
forestry community questions its own normative views on forest management and sees forest policy as a means to recognise local
claims and support existing practices of forest dependent communities. 相似文献
19.
Pascal Danthu Miarantsoa Rakotobe Pascale Mauclère Hanitra Andrianoelisoa Olivier Behra Voninavoko Rahajanirina Barbara Mathevon Eliane Ralembofetra Philippe Collas de Chatelperron 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):127-135
Fallow with Psiadia altissima is one of the most common post-‘slash and burn’ vegetation successions described in the evergreen forests of eastern Madagascar.
Some fallows consist of almost pure stands of this species, of which the leaves produce an essential oil offering international
commercial interest. The present research aims to evaluate the production potential of essential oil derived from different
fallows rich in P. altissima. The study has revealed that fallows aged 4 and 6 years since the last crop abandonment produce the most essential oil (around
20 l ha−1), but relative to fallow duration, the youngest fallows (1- or 2-year-old) are the most productive, respectively producing
12 and 6 l ha−1 year−1. Additionally, the trees from the youngest fallows have a substantial capacity for regeneration from coppice shoots, on condition
that the cut is performed well above the root collar. Although farmers earn five times less from harvesting leaves than from
cultivating rice from tavy, the possibility is there for them to complement their income and diversify their production. The overall results show that
sustainable exploitation of fallows of P. altissima is a conceivable option. However, this can only be achieved through an integrated approach that takes into account the environmental
and social constraints associated with the development of this new activity. 相似文献