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1.
Summary A potato crop can be grown from true potato seed (TPS) either by transplanting seedlings to the field (seedling transplants) or by planting tubers derived from seedlings (seedling tubers). The effect of the planting method on performance of TPS families was evaluated for three types of families, 4x×2x hybrid, open pollinated, and self pollinated. Families from seedling transplants and seedling tubers and their 4x parental clones were compared for tuber yield and specific gravity. Families from tubers had substantially higher yields and significantly more uniform specific gravity than families from transplants. Hybrid seedling tuber families had a higher mean yield than the parental clones and did not differ from them in specific gravity. Selection in the seedling generation could further improve both OP and hybrid families from transplants and from seedling tubers. Paper no. 3163 from the Department of Genetics, University of Madison.  相似文献   

2.
In order to determine proper selection criteria for tuber yield in potato clones obtained from true potato seed (TPS) and to evaluate relationships between tuber yield and its components, an investigation was conducted using the five check cultivars Agria, Marfona, Draga, Agata, and Arinda, and 120 potato clones obtained from TPS. The study was conducted in an augmented randomized complete block design with three replications. Yield and its components were recorded. Correlation coefficient analysis showed that tuber yield had significant positive associations with number of tubers per plant, average weight per tuber (tuber size), plant height, diameter of main stem, and number of main and secondary stems per plant, whereas its correlation with tuber dry-matter concentration was significantly negative. Number of tubers per plant, tuber size, and plant height had significant standardized partial regression coefficients with very small tolerance and large variance inflation factor (VIF) values. These were considered as the first-order variables in sequential path analysis.  相似文献   

3.
Four different sets of true potato seed (TPS) families, representing a total of 262 hybrids derived from intermating tetraploid clones were evaluated in three different locations in Peru. Significant differences were observed among families in tuber yield, uniformity and transplant survival rate in the field. Several families produced an average tuber yield of more than 1.0 kg per plant, with a tuber uniformity of some families approaching that of standard varieties. Hybrid TPS families gave higher tuber yields and more uniform tubers than families from open-pollination. On the basis of an observed family-environment interaction for tuber yield, it is suggested that locally adapted cultivars or advanced selections should be used as parents to generate TPS progenies for specific areas.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Potato crops, grown from true potato seed (TPS) sown directly into fields, required a long growing season and the yield, tuber size and quality were inferior to tuber-propagated crops. Some plants produced excellent yields of high-quality tubers and some lines had earliness, high yield capacity, uniform tuber type and high solids. Field sowing of TPS has good potential, both as a breeding tool and for potato production in long-season, underdeveloped countries where healthy seed tubers are not readily available. Correlation analyses showed positive relationships between seedling vigour, mature plant size, and number and yield of tubers but these growth parameters were not significantly related to tuber size and they had a strong negative relationship to density (specific gravity). Mention of a trade name of a company is for specific information only and does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of a product by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable.  相似文献   

5.
Strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum differed in their ability to infect tubers of different resistant potato clones grown in infested soil. When eight resistant clones (Solanum phureja orS.phureja ×S. tuberosum hybrids) were grown at 24–28°C in soil infested with a race 1 or a race 3 strain of the bacterium, relatively few plants had wilt symptoms at harvest, but 26.7% and 9.2% of the tubers harvested from plants infected with the race 1 and race 3 strains, respectively, carried latent infections. Some infected clones never yielded diseased tubers, however. The development of symptoms above ground was not correlated with the incidence of tuber infection in any particular clone. No tuber infection occurred in tolerant or resistant clones grown in infested soil at cool (12–22°C) temperatures. Tubers were inoculated directly in an attempt to evaluate the ability of bacteria to multiply in these tissues at different temperatures. Highly virulent strains ofP. solanacearum survived in susceptible tubers in higher numbers and for longer periods than in resistant ones. Low temperature (4°C) had a deleterious effect on survival of the bacterium in tubers, but did not completely eliminate the pathogen even after 40 days.  相似文献   

6.
Summary DiploidSolanum phureja, diploid and tetraploidS. tuberosum × S. phureja hybrid, and tetraploidS. tuberosum backcross clones were assessed for resistance to commercially important diseases. There was a reduction in the expression ofS. phureja characteristics with increasing dosage ofS. tuberosum genetic material. The generally high resistance of theS. phureja group to common scab, potato leafroll virus and potato virus Y decreased, while resistance to gangrene, foliage and tuber blight tended to increase. Resistance genes were probably well dispersed throughout theS. phureja genotype so that many were lost on hybridisation, butS. phureja could be a useful source of scab and virus resistance in the production ofS. tuberosum cultivars.  相似文献   

7.
When 1-mo-old plants of a wilt-resistant clone ofSolanum phureja (1386.15) were stem-inoculated with three strains ofPseudomonas solanacearum (K60, S123, and S206), the bacteria multiplied rapidly at the point of inoculation and then moved in the vascular system to other parts of the stem. Resistant plants showed a remarkable ability to support relatively high populations of the bacterium in the absence of disease symptoms. Although multiplication in this resistant clone was substantially less than in susceptible Russet Burbank potato plants, large numbers of bacteria (up to 624 × 104 cells of K60 per 5-cm stem segment) reached the base of the stem of plants maintained at high temperature (28°C) for 20 days after stem inoculation. From the base of the stem, the bacteria moved rapidly into the roots and tubers. Strains ofP. solanacearum differed in their ability to cause latent tuber infection in different resistant potato clones. When 11S.phureja ×S. tuberosum hybrids were stem-inoculated, maintained at 28°C for 3 wk and then grown to maturity at 20°C., most of the clones yielded tubers infected by one or more strains. The race 1 strain (K60) was the most infectious; 53.8% of all tubers harvested from all plants inoculated with this isolate carried latent infections. Because one clone (BR 53.1) never yielded infected tubers, there appear to be genetic factors which may be useful in breeding programs aimed at eliminating latent tuber infection.  相似文献   

8.
Chemical agents may be used to overcome dormancy in potato tubers so as to permit early planting. In this paper, the effect of carbon disulphide on sprouting and related metabolic processes in potato tubers grown from true potato seed (TPS) was investigated. Carbon disulphide was applied to potato tubers derived from TPS, at a rate of 20 ml m?3 container volume for 72 h. It accelerated tuber sprouting and increased tuber weight loss. It also caused an increase in the respiration rate, as well as ethylene emission from the tubers during the first 6 days after treatment. The respiration rate of carbon disulphide-treated tubers remained at a higher level than that of untreated controls for 35 days after treatment. In addition, carbon disulphide increased the concentrations of the soluble sugars sucrose and fructose, but not glucose, in the tuber tissues (buds, parenchyma). These findings suggest that carbon disulphide releases potato minitubers from dormancy and that dormancy breakage is associated with changes in tuber metabolism prior to the visible sprouting.  相似文献   

9.
The International Potato Center (CIP) and collaborating institutions implemented an intensive research programme over a period of 25–30 years on the use of botanical seed of potato as an alternative way of growing a potato crop. The use of botanical or ‘true’ potato seed (TPS) had many advantages over the use of seed tubers. Potentially, the use of TPS was especially attractive for small-scale farmers in developing countries. The difference of using TPS as compared to using seed tubers meant in many respects the development of a new crop–commodity chain, requiring research on breeding, seed production, agronomy and marketing aspects. This research made it possible to produce potatoes from TPS at commercial scale: it removed a number of important constraints in the uniformity and earliness of the TPS varieties and in seed physiology. Experimentation and adoption by farmers in a wide range of countries showed that the technological advantages of using TPS were only translating in economical benefits as compared to tuber seed when the last one was costly or not available. Since the economic performance of seed tubers is likely to continue to fluctuate, TPS remains an interesting alternative. Study of the use of TPS in various countries could contribute to better understanding of factors that promote or inhibit crop technology innovation. The article gives an overview of the various areas of TPS research in CIP and presents information on the application of TPS technology in several developing countries.  相似文献   

10.
Compared to other major food crops, progress in potato yield as the result of breeding efforts is very slow. Genetic gains cannot be fixed in potato due to obligatory out-breeding. Overcoming inbreeding depression using diploid self-compatible clones should enable to replace the current method of out-breeding and clonal propagation into an F1 hybrid system with true seeds. This idea is not new, but has long been considered unrealistic. Severe inbreeding depression and self-incompatibility in diploid germplasm have hitherto blocked the development of inbred lines. Back-crossing with a homozygous progenitor with the Sli gene which inhibits gametophytic self-incompatibility gave self-compatible offspring from elite material from our diploid breeding programme. We demonstrate that homozygous fixation of donor alleles is possible, with simultaneous improvement of tuber shape and tuber size grading of the recipient inbred line. These results provide proof of principle for F1 hybrid potato breeding. The technical and economic perspectives are unprecedented as these will enable the development of new products with combinations of useful traits for all stakeholders in the potato chain. In addition, the hybrid’s seeds are produced by crossings, rendering the production and voluminous transport of potato seed tubers redundant as it can be replaced by direct sowing or the use of healthy mini-tubers, raised in greenhouses.  相似文献   

11.
Summary Offspring were produced from a cross between two long-day-adaptedSolanum phureja clones which carried resistance to tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica). In tests carried out on the produce of field-grown plants raised from tubers, over fifty per cent of the 173 offspring were found to be highly resistant. Assessments were also carried out of tuber yield, mean tuber weight, tuber number, shape, regularity, flesh colour, texture of the steamed flesh, fry colour, after-cooking blackening, sprout length after storage and overall dormancy. There were statistically significant differences between clones for all characters (P<0.001). Twelve of the clones were selected on the basis of high resistance, yield, tuber weight, regularity of shape and absence of after-cooking blackening. The value of resistant long-day-adapted diploid material for commercial breeding is discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Potatoes grown from true potato seed (TPS) are generally small and nonuniform in size and shape, compared to the ones produced conventionally from seed tubers. Potato production from TPS would be considerably less expensive than from seed tubers because of the negligible storage and handling costs of the TPS. Potato production from TPS would therefore have the greatest potential in the developing countries. In developed countries, this production method would have some potential in commercial production as well as in home gardening. Research related to the TPS potato production has been mostly directed toward investigating suitable cultural practices, screening breeding lines for higher yield and warm climate adaptability, weed control in the field, and other similar production areas. Research concerning mechanization of TPS potato production has been limited. Engineering input to the TPS potato production, handling and storage needs considerable attention to develop practical and economical practices. This paper highlights some research areas which the authors believe are worth investigating. Engineering research that is conducted at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station related to the TPS potato production has been outlined along with future plans.  相似文献   

13.
A diagnostic test for the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) that is based on hybridization of highly radioactive, recombinant DNA complementary to PSTV with PSTV bound to a nitrocellulose membrane and autoradiographic detection of the resulting DNA-RNA hybrids has been evaluated with tubers from 20 potato clones maintained at the International Potato Center (CIP) and with true seed obtained from healthy or PSTV-infected potato plants. The nucleic acid spot hybridization test detected PSTV not only in tuber sprouts from 10 clones that had previously tested positive in polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic (PAGE) analysis, but also in tuber sprouts from 9 clones that had previously tested negative in PAGE analysis. Further tests confirmed the presence of PSTV in these clones. The spot hybridization test detected PSTV in mixtures of seed extracts equivalent to as few as one seed from a PSTV-infected plant and 80 seeds from healthy plants. The spot hybridization test was shown to be more sensitive and reliable than PAGE analysis; it is suitable for the testing of large numbers of samples with a minimum expenditure of labor and materials.  相似文献   

14.
Expansion of potato production in lowland tropical regions has been constrained by the lack of planting materials, given that adapted genotypes and suitable field management practices now exist.

The respective performance of transplanted materials (i.e., true potato seed (TPS) seedlings or rooted stem cuttings) produced in situ in the warm tropics were compared with that of genetically identical seedling tubers (tubers produced from seedlings) or seed tubers. Seed and seedling tubers had been previously produced under optimal cool conditions. Transplanted materials achieved lower maximum leaf area index than did tuber materials (1.3–2.2 vs. 2.7) but relative growth rates of cuttings and seedlings were greater. This was in part due to the greater net assimilation rate of cuttings and to greater leaf:stem ratio for both compared with plants originating from tubers. Stolon and tuber formation were greater in seed tubers than in cuttings and in seedlings versus seedling tubers. On average, seedlings produced 14 tubers per plant, apical cuttings 12, seedling tubers 8, and stem cuttings 6.

Tuber yields within a genotype were statistically similar for crops from seed tubers or cuttings and for crops from seedling tubers or seedlings. However, the proportion of marketable (i.e., > 3.5 cm diameter) tubers was approximately 12% less in the crops from seed tuber and seedlings compared with those from cuttings and seedling tubers, respectively. Within a genotype, the crop duration in the field was similar whatever the type of planting material. Maximum yields, at 23 t/ha in warm sites, were still below those of temperate potato crops, but could be achieved equally well with transplanted in situ-produced materials or imported cool-climate seed tubers.  相似文献   


15.
Freshly harvested potato tubers contain up to 50 mg/100g ascorbic acid (AA), but levels decline rapidly during cold storage. Genetic alterations to boost the AA content of stored tubers would contribute to human nutrition and might improve tuber resistance to oxidative damage during chilling. While studying the breeding potential ofSolanum phureja germplasm, we identified a 24-chromosome Phureja-haploid Tuberosum hybrid (clone I, USW5295.7) that retained a twofold higher content of tuber AA than neighboring clones after storage at 5 C. Clone I produces 2n-pollen through a mechanism genetically equivalent to first-division restitution (FDR), which transmits much of the nonadditive genetic variance for tuber yield. We now report a survey of clone I progeny showing significant family and ploidy effects on tuber AA levels during cold storage, consistent with the transmission of information for higher AA by FDR 2n-pollen. These results encourage further study of 2n-gametes and wild species germplasm to breed for increased tuber AA.  相似文献   

16.
The TPS seedling tuber technique can be successfully adopted in developing as well as in developed countries as a standard agronomic system for potato production. Experimental work has been started in order to select the best parental lines and to evaluate the appropriate breeding schemes for the use of this technique in southern Italy. During 1989 48 true potato seed (TPS) families with different genetic backgrounds were tested for seedling tuber production and they produced a good yield. The seedling tuber families were tested for tuber production during 1990 by subdividing them in two size classes: 25mm-35mm and 35mm-45mm. The highest yield was attained by 4X x 2X families and the analysis of variance indicated significant differences with regard to tuber size and TPS families for both total and marketable tuber yield. This technique has significant potential for providing tubers for both the fall and winter crop in Italy.  相似文献   

17.
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars are mostly planted using similar seed piece planting depths and hill shapes even though cultivars have unique tuber and stolon characteristics. A hill-shape study was conducted at Aberdeen, Idaho to determine the effects of hill shape on yield and field-green tuber yields and quality along with stolon length and tuber spatial orientation for two potato cultivars, 'Defender' and 'Summit Russet.' Plots were planted in late April to early May. Prior to emergence four hill shapes were formed: 1) plant-and-drag, 2) broad, 3) normal, and 4) peaked. Defender had higher total yield with the broad hill, but there were no differences among the remaining three hill shapes. For Defender, U.S. No. 1 yield was lower with the plant-and-drag hill shape, and the normal and peaked hills produced lower field-green tuber yield. Hill shape had no effect on total, U.S. No. 1, or field-green tuber yields of Summit Russet. The peaked hill resulted in a deeper uppermost tuber for Defender, while the uppermost tuber was deeper in the normal and peaked hills for Summit Russet. The broad hill resulted in a larger average tuber size for Defender, but hill shape had no effect on tuber size for Summit Russet. Total number of tubers per plant, stolon length and tuber spatial orientation were not affected by hill shape for either cultivar. Hill shape and height are important considerations in maximizing yield of saleable tubers, so needs to be customized according to cultivar-dependent stolon length and tuber orientation characteristics.  相似文献   

18.
A two year experiment was conducted to test if the temperature environment under which seed potatoes are produced significantly affects the tuber development and yield of the resultant potato plants. Six temperature regimes were established in the controlled facility of the Biotron. Two generations ofSolanum tuberosum ‘Kennebec’ tubers were grown in these environments and the yielding ability of plants produced from these tubers was tested in greenhouse facilities. Plant growth and tuber yields were similar to those which might be expected under field conditions, and marked differences in the development and productivity as a result of the production environment of the seed tubers were apparent. However, no evidence was found to support the contention that seed potatoes originating from cooler environments had any increased potential to produce higher yielding plants than comparable seed from warm environments. Even within a generation, the highest yields were found in the warmest environments, somewhat modifying the concept that the potato is strictly a cool-season crop. Other possible non-pathogenic explanations for previously observed differences in seed quality as a result of the production environment are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Since glycoalkaloids have been shown to have fungitoxic properties, it is important to know what impact this might have on potato plant breeding programs which select for low levels of total glycoalkaloids (TGA) in the tuber. Potato clones with TGA levels ranging between 1.6 and 32.8 mg/100 g fresh tissue were planted in two trials to evaluate the relationship between seed tuber TGA and incidence ofRhizoctonia solani infection in the developing plant. An inoculation procedure was followed in the greenhouse and field to establish uniform infection of potato seedlings. Plants were examined for lesion development on stems and stolons and assigned disease ratings. In the field, yield of malformed tubers was recorded and included in the overall disease ratings. The results reported herein indicate that TGA levels in the seed tuber are unrelated to the severity ofR. solani infection in the seedling.  相似文献   

20.
Summary The availability of improved True Potato Seed (TPS) varieties for short and long photoperiod conditions has recently increased the interest in the TPS technology. A summarized overview is presented of the TPS technology for potato tuber production, TPS breeding and production. TPS competes successfully with clonal cultivars in Egypt and India. In other developing countries higher yields and better adaptation are needed to make the TPS technology economically attractive; the case of TPS in Indonesia is used to illustrate this. In industrialised countries, well-performing seed tuber programmes, productivity and legislative restrictions are difficult to beat by TPS. However, the use of TPS can be economically attractive where disease pressure is high. It is concluded that TPS has a place within potato systems where agroecological conditions for seed tuber systems and steady supply of good quality tubers from a formal seed programme are most constrained. Further genetic improvement will increase the areas where TPS provides better and cheaper planting material.  相似文献   

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