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Valenzuela Pamela Teuber Stefanie Manosalva Carolina Alarcón Pablo Figueroa Carlos D. Ratto Marcelo Burgos Rafael A. Hidalgo Maria A. 《Veterinary research communications》2019,43(3):179-186
Veterinary Research Communications - Endometrial epithelial cells play a key defensive role as part of the innate immune response of cow uterus. An association between risk of acquiring infectious... 相似文献
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轮状病毒(RV)是引起婴幼儿、幼畜禽急性肠胃炎的人畜共患病原,常与其他病原体混合感染,多以呕吐,严重水样腹泻,脱水为临床症状,感染后具有较高病死率,对人类公共卫生以及养殖业造成极大危害。RV病原相关分子模式(PAMP)可被肠上皮细胞(IECs)中一组可遗传的模式识别受体(PRR)识别,通过IECs、先天免疫细胞与RV互作,激活细胞内信号级联,从而迅速诱导炎症和多种抗病毒基因表达。论文就轮状病毒特性、肠道先天免疫等方面进行综述,探讨RV感染宿主IECs后诱导不同抗病毒信号通路,为利用先天免疫途径预防轮状病毒感染提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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皮肤和黏膜上皮细胞既是机体的物理屏障,又是机体防御微生物的第一道防线。上皮细胞与白细胞、树突细胞(DCs)等之间的相互作用,是机体产生适应性免疫反应的重要因素。IL-17细胞因子家族是最近新发现的具有强大的促炎症作用的细胞因子,它们在机体的固有和适应性免疫中发挥着重要作用,IL-17A、IL-17C和IL-17F能够直接作用于组织的上皮细胞,诱导各种免疫反应来对抗病原体,且能够促进组织的修复。IL-17E最基本的作用是作用于白细胞和诱导Ⅱ型免疫,这在其对抗寄生虫的作用中是非常关键的,此外,IL-17E还可以反向调节白细胞对IL-17A和IL-17F的产生;而对于IL-17B和IL-17D的研究则相对较少一些。 相似文献
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Valentina Mariani Simona Palermo Silvia Fiorentini Alessandra Lanubile Elisabetta Giuffra 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2009,131(3-4):278-284
The intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) play an important role in the immune system of swine, protecting against infectious and non-infectious environmental insults. The IEC participate in the innate immune response of the intestine through different mechanisms such as barrier function, mucus secretion, antibacterial peptide synthesis and participation in the cytokine/chemokine networks.Most of the current knowledge of intestinal cell functions has come from studies conducted on cell cultures generated from human cancers or from classical animal models. However, because the molecular and cellular elements of the immune system have been selected over evolutionary time in response to the species-specific environment, models of immune function based on mouse and human need to be applied cautiously in pig. Few models of swine small intestine epithelium exist and these are poorly characterised. In the present study we characterised the basal expression of epithelial and immune-related genes of two pig small intestine cell lines, IPEC-J2 and IPI-2I, under different culture conditions. These data represent essential background information for future studies on pig-intestinal pathogen interactions. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins are structurally diverse fungal metabolites that can contaminate a variety of dietary components consumed by animals and humans. It is considered that 25% of the world crop production is contaminated by mycotoxins. The clinical toxicological syndromes caused by ingestion of moderate to high amounts of mycotoxins and their effect on the immune system have been well characterized. However, no particular attention has been focused on the effects of mycotoxins on the local intestinal immune response. Because of their location, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) could be exposed to high doses of mycotoxins. As a component of the innate local immune response, intestinal epithelial cells have developed a variety of mechanisms which act to reduce the risk of infection by microorganisms or intoxication by toxic compounds. This review summarises the innate immune response developed by intestinal epithelial cells and reports the literature concerning the effects of mycotoxins on them. Particularly, the effects of mycotoxins on the maintenance of a physical barrier by epithelial cells will be discussed together with their effect on extrinsic protective components of the innate intestinal immunity: mucus secretion, antimicrobial peptide generation, IgA and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. 相似文献
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The skin is a complex and dynamic ecosystem, wherein epithelial cells, immune cells and the skin microbiota actively interact and maintain barrier integrity and functional immunity. Skin microbes actively tune the functions of the resident immune cells. Dysbiosis – alterations in the resident microbiota – leads to the dysregulation of host immunity. Microbiome analyses in humans and dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD) have shown shifts in microbial diversity, and in particular, an increased proportion of staphylococci. Monogenic diseases that manifest AD-like symptoms provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms of dysbiosis, from both the epithelial and immunological perspectives. The symbiotic relationships between the host and microbiota must be maintained constitutively. Detailed mechanisms of how host immunity regulates commensal bacteria in the steady state have been reported. The skin harbours multiple tissue-resident immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune cells. Recent studies have highlighted the fundamental role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the maintenance of barrier functions and tissue homeostasis. ILCs directly respond to tissue-derived signals and are instrumental in barrier immunity. Epithelial cells produce alarmins such as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukins (IL)-33 and IL-25, all of which activate group 2 ILCs (ILC2s), which produce type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, boosting type 2 immune reactions. Dysregulation of the epithelial–ILC crosstalk results in allergic inflammation. This review highlights our understanding of the active interactions between the host epithelial and immune cells, and microbiota, providing a foundation for novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases. 相似文献
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Gutiérrez-Barroso A Anaya-López JL Lara-Zárate L Loeza-Lara PD López-Meza JE Ochoa-Zarzosa A 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2008,121(1-2):113-122
The incidence of mastitis in dairy cattle is highest at the drying off period and parturition, which are characterized by high levels of the lactogenic hormone prolactin (PRL). One of the most frequently isolated contagious pathogens causing mastitis is Staphylococcus aureus. However, the role of PRL on S. aureus infection in mammary epithelium has not been studied. In this work we evaluated the effect of bovine PRL (bPRL) on S. aureus internalization in a primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and on the expression of cytokine and innate immune response genes. Our data show that 5ng/mL bPRL enhances approximately 3-fold the internalization of S. aureus (ATCC 27543) into bMEC. By RT-PCR analysis, we showed that bPRL is able to up-regulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNAs. However, bPRL together with S. aureus did not modify the expression of TNF-alpha and iNOS mRNAs, while it down-regulated the expression of beta-defensin and IL-1beta mRNAs, as well as nitric oxide production, suggesting that infection and bPRL together can inhibit elements of the host immune response. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows a role of bPRL during the internalization of S. aureus into bMEC. 相似文献
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Setta A Barrow PA Kaiser P Jones MA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,146(3-4):212-224
Poultry-derived food is a common source of infection of human with the non-host-adapted salmonellae while fowl typhoid and pullorum disease are serious diseases in poultry. Development of novel immune-based control strategies against Salmonella infection necessitates a better understanding of the host-pathogen interactions at the cellular level. Intestinal epithelial cells are the first line of defence against enteric infections and the role of macrophages is crucial in Salmonella infection and pathogenesis. While gene expression following Salmonella infection has been investigated, a comparison between different serovars has not been, as yet, extensively studied in poultry. In this study, chicken macrophage-like cells (HD11) and chick kidney epithelial cells (CKC) were used to study and compare the immune responses and mechanisms that develop after infection with different Salmonella serotypes. Salmonella serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Hadar and Infantis showed a greater level of invasion and/or uptake characters when compared with S. Pullorum or S. Gallinarum. Nitrate and reactive oxygen species were greater in Salmonella-infected HD11 cells with the expression of iNOS and nuclear factor-κB by chicken macrophages infected with both systemic and broad host range serovars. HD11 cells revealed higher mRNA gene expression for CXCLi2, IL-6 and iNOS genes in response to S. Enteritidis infection when compared to S. Pullorum-infected cells. S. Typhimurium- and S. Hadar-infected HD11 showed higher gene expression for CXCLi2 versus S. Pullorum-infected cells. Higher mRNA gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, chemokines CXCLi1 and CXCLi2 and iNOS genes were detected in S. Typhimurium- and S. Enteritidis-infected CKC followed by S. Hadar and S. Infantis while no significant changes were observed in S. Pullorum or S. Gallinarum-infected CKC. 相似文献
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《Veterinary microbiology》2015,175(2-4):232-243
Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV) is a highly pathogenic virus in waterfowl and causes significant economic loss in the poultry industry worldwide. Because the host innate immunity plays a key role in defending against virus invasion, more and more attentions have been paid to the immune response triggered by viral infection. Here we found that the genomic RNA of MDRV was able to rapidly induce the production of interferons (IFNs) in host. Mechanistically, MDRV infection induced robust expression of IFNs in host mainly through RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, we observed that silencing VISA expression in 293T cells could significantly inhibit the secretion of IFNs. Remarkably, the production of IFNs was reduced by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB or knocking down the expression of IRF-7. Furthermore, our study showed that treatment of 293T cells and Muscovy duck embryo fibroblasts with IFNs markedly impaired MDRV replication, suggesting that these IFNs play an important role in antiviral response during the MDRV infection. Importantly, we also detected the induced expression of RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3 and type I IFN in Muscovy ducks infected with MDRV at different time points post infection. The results from in vivo studies were consistent with those in 293T cells infected with MDRV. Taken together, our findings reveal that the host can resist MDRV invasion by activating innate immune response involving RIG-I, MDA5 and TLR3-dependent signaling pathways that govern IFN production. 相似文献
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Murphy H Cogan T Hughes R Humphrey T 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2011,34(6):489-495
Campylobacter infection is estimated to cause diarrhoea in 1% of the population of developed countries every year, but our understanding of this disease has been hampered by a lack of a suitable animal model. Colostrum-deprived piglets have been suggested as models since they produce similar clinical signs to humans when infected but little information currently exists regarding the response of this species to Campylobacter at cellular and molecular level. This study shows that intestinal epithelial cells from both species respond in a similar manner to Campylobacter infection regarding invasion, induction of innate immune response and effect on barrier function. 相似文献
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寄生虫在入侵机体时必须具备逃避机体免疫,破坏宿主免疫屏障才能感染,这种入侵过程必然和宿主机体的免疫系统发生联系,不但使宿主的先天免疫细胞功能缺失,而且获得性免疫也受到抑制。寄生虫感染均不同程度地伴随免疫损伤,宿主在感染寄生虫后产生的免疫应答中,细胞因子作为免疫过程中的介质起到关键作用,主要是调节机体细胞免疫抗虫,保护机体不被感染,其中巨噬细胞是主要功能的承担者。本文将阐述细胞因子在寄生虫感染过程中所发挥的免疫作用,为解决寄生虫感染的防控问题奠定基础,同时为寄生虫的研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Siamak Haddadi Dae-Sun KimHui Jasmine Frank van der MeerMarkus Czub Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013
LPS is one of the pathogen associated molecular patterns that activates Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway eliciting antiviral host responses in mammals although information on such responses in avian species is scarce. Our objectives were to characterize the LPS induced innate responses particularly the expression of LPS receptors (TLR4, CD14) in avian macrophages and observe whether TLR4 mediated induction of NO can elicit antiviral response against infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) replication. We found that LPS was capable of inducing the expression of TLR4, CD14 and NO production but not the type 1 interferons in an avian macrophage cell line, MQ-NCSU. We also showed that TLR4 mediated NO production can lead to antiviral response against ILTV replication when MQ-NCSU cells were treated with LPS and the resultant supernatant was then transferred to ILTV replicating cells to assess antiviral activity. Antiviral activity of NO was blocked by a selective inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea sulfhate that inhibits inducible NO synthase. This observation confirms that the antiviral activity is positively correlated with NO production. The data show that LPS can be a potential innate immune stimulant that can be used against ILTV infection in chickens that require further evaluation in vivo. 相似文献
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猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）是一种全球分布的α冠状病毒,能引起仔猪流行性腹泻,猪流行性腹泻一旦暴发会给养殖业带来巨大的经济损失。在病毒感染期间,Ⅰ型干扰素（type Ⅰ interferon,IFN-Ⅰ）是先天性抗病毒反应的关键介质。大多数冠状病毒通过限制IFN的产生和IFN应答的激活而产生一些策略以规避IFN应答。然而,PEDV颉颃IFN抗病毒作用的分子机制尚未完全清楚。猪感染PEDV后,机体的先天免疫不能有效抵抗PEDV的侵害,PEDV通过限制或阻断IFN的功能和隐藏自身的病原体相关分子模式（pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMP）两种途径逃逸宿主先天免疫。在此过程中,PEDV的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白及一些蛋白酶起到了关键作用,核衣壳（nucleocapsid,N）蛋白能抑制IFN-Ⅰ的产生,协助病毒逃避机体的抗病毒天然免疫,木瓜样蛋白酶通过去泛素化酶活性阻断天然免疫信号通路,PEDV也可通过阻断双链核糖核酸（double-stranded RNA,dsRNA）诱导IFN-Ⅰ的产生,以逃避宿主的先天免疫。这些研究为深入了解IFN在PEDV致病过程中的作用及PEDV逃避IFN抗病毒的机制提供了理论依据,并有助于深入了解病毒与宿主先天性免疫之间的关系,同时也为PEDV的防治及PEDV疫苗的研发提供参考。 相似文献
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《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2015,163(3-4):134-145
The lymphatic endothelium (LE) serves as a conduit for transport of immune cells and soluble antigens from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes (LNs), contributing to development of host immune responses and possibly dissemination of microbes. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are major constituents of the lymphatic endothelium. These specialized cells could play important roles in initiation of host innate immune responses through sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including toll-like receptors (TLRs). LECs secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to create local inflammatory conditions for recruitment of naïve antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) to sites of infection and/or vaccine administration. In this study, we examined the innate immune potential of primary LEC populations derived from multiple tissues of an animal model for human infectious diseases – the ferret. We generated a total of six primary LEC populations from lung, tracheal, and mesenteric LN tissues from three different ferrets. Standard RT-PCR characterization of these primary LECs showed that they varied in their expression of LEC markers. The ferret LECs were examined for their ability to respond to poly I:C (TLR3 and RIG-I ligand) and other known TLR ligands as measured by production of proinflammatory cytokine (IFNα, IL6, IL10, Mx1, and TNFα) and chemokine (CCL5, CCL20, and CXCL10) mRNAs using real time RT-PCR. Poly I:C exposure induced robust proinflammatory responses by all of the primary ferret LECs. Chemotaxis was performed to determine the functional activity of CCL20 produced by the primary lung LECs and showed that the LEC-derived CCL20 was abundant and functional. Taken together, our results continue to reveal the innate immune potential of primary LECs during pathogen-host interactions and expand our understanding of the roles LECs might play in health and disease in animal models. 相似文献
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哺乳动物体中的肠道菌群是细菌生态系统的组成部分,从动物出生时起,这些微生物就对免疫系统的发育、功能和调节起着非常重要的作用。当前,越来越多的研究集中在微生物对宿主细胞代谢的影响上。短链脂肪酸(SCFA)作为肠道菌群的一种代谢产物,对肠道稳态的维持具有重要作用。SCFA是肠道上皮细胞的重要燃料,能增强肠屏障功能。作为信号分子,SCFA可以通过细胞表面G蛋白偶联受体(GPCR)发出信号,从而激活控制免疫功能的信号级联反应;还可以通过底物转运蛋白进入细胞,抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC),最终达到降低肠道炎症反应。本文综述了微生物SCFA的产生及其对肠道黏膜的影响,并通过激活细胞表面GPCR以及抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)来调节免疫反应的作用。 相似文献