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1.
为阐释鼠尾藻对干露胁迫的适应机制,本研究应用RNA-Seq技术从基因表达水平上研究了鼠尾藻对干露胁迫的分子响应过程。对照组CO1获得17 532 085条clean reads,3 h干露胁迫的处理组DR2获得14 479 820条clean reads。CO1中检测到的表达基因数为20 966个,DR2中检测到的表达基因数为20 588个。CO1和DR2组间差异表达的基因总数为476个;相对于CO1,DR2中表达上调的基因数为135个(28.36%),表达下调的基因数为341个(71.64%)。GO分析共富集得到915个GO term,其中143个GO term涉及的基因表达上调,860个GO term涉及的基因表达下调。pathway富集分析发现104个代谢途径被富集,其中表达上调基因参与的代谢途径数为10个,表达下调基因参与的代谢途径为101个。差异表达基因编码热休克蛋白家族、抗氧化酶系统、与蛋白合成、加工及降解的相关因子等。以上结果表明,鼠尾藻对干露胁迫的分子响应是一个复杂的过程,涉及众多生化代谢途径和信号转导途径。  相似文献   

2.
Growth and survival of white sturgeon larvae were examined at ad libitum feeding with three commercial salmonid diets, and experimental crustacean diet, and a live food control (cubifex). The results demonstrated that some manufactured diets, particularly a semi-moist ration, can be used to rear white sturgeon during the first 40 days of feeding. Although specific growth rates of fish fed a semi-moist feed were 40% lower than those fed live foods, survival rates were similar. The high mortality previously associated with later transfer of fish from live foods to manufactured diets was avoided. Dry diets were not well accepted and resulted in lower rates of growth and survival.  相似文献   

3.
In an 8-week trial, 300-g channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were fed at five feeding rates: a control group which was fed at a rate that approximated the ad libitum rate for this size fish, and four groups which were fed at 110, 90, 75 and 50% of the control rate. Significant decreases in growth and feed conversion (feed/gain) rates were obtained in treatments fed 110% of the control rate. Water quality monitoring indicated that this reduction in performance was not due to poorer water quality. Gains were not significantly affected by feeding 90% of the control level, but were reduced in the 75 and 50% treatments. Food efficiencies were improved by reduction of the feeding rate to 90 and 75% of the control level, but were not further improved at the 50% feeding level. Total absorbability and digestible energy values for the test diet were improved by restricting the rate to 90% of the control, but protein absorbability was not affected.  相似文献   

4.
The potential for rapid somatic growth and the attainment of large ultimate size in teleosts appears related to the sustained ability to recruit new fibers into the growing axial muscle mass, and the lack of such growth potential to a failure of recruitment which occurs at a relatively small size. However, the muscle fiber growth dynamics in the grass pickerel, a comparatively small, slow-growing esocid, suggested that it possessed the requisite muscle growth characteristics for the attainment of much more rapid growth and larger size than it is normally able to manifest and that such growth potential might perhaps be demonstrated by appropriate hormonal stimulation. Bivine growth hormone (bGH) was accordingly administered by intramuscular injection (40 μg/g every 2 weeks) to two size ranges (“small” and “large”) of grass pickerel (respective initial mean total lengths 14.5 and 20.0 cm), held at 22°C and fed ad libitum on live minnows. Administration of bGH resulted in very marked increases in growth in both “small” and “large” grass pickerel compared to control fish receiving no bGH during the course of a 40-week experimental period. The growth of the bGH-stimulated pickerel was comparable to that of pike and muskellunge (the large congeners of grass pickerel) under field conditions. Thirteen of the bGH-treated pickerel exceeded the Canadian record length of 32.8 cm, and three exceeded the North American record length of 38.1 cm. These results suggest that certain relatively small species (e.g., those whose congeners grow fast and reach larger size) may possess unexpected latent potential for great and sustained enhancement of normal maximal growth and that evaluation of muscle fiber growth dynamics may provide a simple means for detecting species that can be made to display such growth.  相似文献   

5.
Two extruded diets designed to have fat levels of 220 g kg−1 (F22) and 300 g kg−1 (F30) were fed to Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. in two different experiments during the sea rearing period (from 0.2–0.3 kg to 3–4 kg). Each diet was fed restricted and isoenergetically at two feeding rates to fish in triplicate groups. In one of the experiments, a supplementary group of fish was fed to satiation with the F30 diet. All fish were slaughtered and evaluated for quality according to a commercial standard.
No difference in growth was observed between fish fed the two diets at similar feeding rates and the growth was proportional to the amount of dietary energy offered. Feed conversion ratios decreased according to higher energy content in the F30 diet, and the nitrogen and phosphorus retention increased significantly. Fish fed the F30 diet revealed a higher incidence of sexual maturity. Fat content in cutlets and dressed carcasses were significantly affected by feeding rate but not by dietary fat level. Fish fed the F30 diet had more visceral fat and, consequently, lower dress-out percentage. Mortality, liver size and liver colour were not significantly affected by dietary fat level.
These experiments showed that even large differences in dietary fat level employed for the entire sea rearing period of Atlantic salmon, did not, or only marginally affected the cutlet and dressed carcass fat content. The high fat diet improved the feed utilization, thus decreasing the discharge to the environments. Furthermore, it resulted in greater growth at ad libitum feeding.  相似文献   

6.
The present study explores the effect of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response and expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in zebra fish (Danio rerio). Six hundred healthy zebra fish (0.42 ± 0.06 g) supplied, randomly stocked in 12 aquariums and fed on basal diets supplemented with different levels of sodium propionate [0 (control), 5, 10 and 20 g kg?1] for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, mucosal immune parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz), antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) as well as heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression were measured. The results revealed feeding on sodium propionate significantly up-regulated inflammatory response genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, Lyz) in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). However, antioxidant enzyme genes significantly down-regulated in the treated group compared with control (P < 0.05). Also, HSP70 gene expression was higher in the liver of fish fed the basal diet and deceased with elevation of sodium propionate levels in the diet. These results showed beneficial effects of dietary sodium propionate on mucosal immune response as well as the antioxidant defense of zebra fish.  相似文献   

7.
In the present study, three different copper (Cu) concentrations (control, 10 and 100 μM, respectively) and three incubation times (24, 48 and 96 h) were chosen to assess in vitro effect of Cu on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Increased glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I activities were observed in hepatocytes with increasing Cu concentration and exposure duration. Cu decreased mRNA levels of several lipogenic and lipolytic genes at 24 h. However, at 48 h, Cu down-regulated the process of lipogenesis but up-regulated that of lipolysis. The Cu-driven up-regulation of lipolytic genes was maintained after 96 h and accompanied by a decreased intracellular triglyceride accumulation, while no effect on lipogenic genes was shown. Thus, 96-h Cu exposure induced lipid depletion, possibly due to the up-regulation of lipolysis. Although in this process, lipogenesis might be up-regulated, it was not enough to compensate lipid consumption. Our study represents the first approach to concentration- and time-dependent in vitro effects of Cu on lipid metabolism of fish hepatocytes and provides new insights into Cu toxicity in fish at both enzymatic and molecular levels.  相似文献   

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11.
Abstract. Two experiments were conducted in which glass eels, Anguilla anguilla L., were fed with six different diets. Two natural diets, cod roe and minced bovine spleen, and four artificial diets, an unflavoured trout fry crumble and three trout fry crumble diets with added feeding stimulants, were used. The feeding stimulants tested were cod roe extract, spleen extract and a mixture of synthetic L-amino acids. In the first experiment the glass eels were fed at a restricted feeding level and in the second experiment at an ad libitum feeding level. The intake of metabolizable energy (ME) was determined as the sum of retained energy and heat production. Metabolizability of the diets decreased with increasing feeding level and was 75-95% for cod roe, 35-50% for spleen and 40-60% for the artificial diets. Since utilization of ME for maintenance and growth was not affected by feeding level and diet, differences in growth rates could be explained by differences in ME intake. Group ME intake in turn was determined by the fraction of the fish which were actually eating. The uniform feeding response of the glass eels fed the natural diets resulted in the highest ad libitum ME intake (80-90 kJ/kg0.8/day) and growth rate (4-4-4-9g/kg0.8/day). Addition of feeding stimulants significantly increased the ad libitum ME intake of the artificial diets from 45 kJ/kg0.8/day to 50-60 kJ/kg0.8/day, which resulted in an increase in growth rate from 1·3 g/kg0.8/day to 24 g/kg0.8/day.  相似文献   

12.
Responses of compensatory growth to high temperature and feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Güther, 1873), were investigated during a 56‐days experiment. Fish were divided into seven groups including three high‐temperature treatments which were reared at 28°C for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then returned to 22°C (recorded as T1, T2 and T3), three feed‐restricted treatments which were fed 25% satiation for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, respectively, then fed ad libitum (recorded as R1, R2 and R3) and a control (continuously reared at 22°C). The results showed that juvenile tongue sole exposed to thermal stress for 1 week exhibited overcompensatory growth. However, complete compensation occurred in T2, T3 and R1 fish, while partial compensation occurred in R2 and R3 fish. The body composition and energy content of fish were not significantly different among all treatments (P > 0.05). The specific growth rate and feed efficiency of fish in T1 were significantly higher than other treatments during the whole experiment period (P < 0.05). Higher feed efficiency and apparent digestion rate during recovery might account for the compensatory growth in tongue sole in the present study. Hyperphagia played an important role in compensatory growth for feed‐restricted fish, but was not involved in the compensatory response in thermal stressed fish in the present study. The results from the present study suggested that a suitable thermal stress could be more feasible to elicit compensatory growth than feed restriction in juvenile tongue sole.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:   Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) cDNA of Japanese flounder was found to consist of 1329 bp, encoded 247 amino acid residues. Among the fish IL-1β in the databases, the one with the highest identity of Japanese flounder IL-1β was that of seabass (62% identity). The expression of IL-1β was induced by treatment with concanavalin A (ConA)/phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and lipopolysaccharide. The copy number of IL-1β mRNA was increased 30-fold after stimulation with ConA/PMA. Of 871 cDNA on a microarray, 93 genes (10.7%) were up-regulated or down-regulated by IL-1β at 1, 3 and 7 days post-injection. The induced gene expression was highest on day 1 followed by day 3 and day 7. A total of 7% of known and 3.7% of unknown genes of the 871 tested genes were differentially expressed. Of the genes tested, 7.4% were up-regulated and 3.3% were down-regulated. Cytokine genes such as tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte colony stimulating factor and chemokine receptor A were induced in response to IL-1β. Cell surface antigens such as IgM, MHC class I and CD20 receptor were up-regulated. Signal transduction genes such as Toll-like receptor 1 and SH3P2 were also up-regulated. The glucocorticoid receptor and cAMP early repressor were down-regulated in our microarray analysis.  相似文献   

14.
为了阐明盐度胁迫对金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)代谢和生殖的影响,采用RNA-seq技术对低盐组(5)、对照组(25)和高盐组(35)处理40 d后的2龄性成熟金钱鱼卵巢进行转录组分析。结果发现,金钱鱼卵巢转录组测序获得raw reads共398681318,clean reads共396910398。从低盐胁迫相对对照组(5 vs 25)和高盐胁迫相对对照组(35 vs 25)中分别筛选到373个和874个差异表达基因(DEGs)。与对照组相比,低盐胁迫后氨基酸代谢相关基因(sds、bhmt)和脂肪酸代谢相关基因(pnpla2)显著下调;高盐胁迫后pgr、cyp17a1和ers1等生殖相关基因显著下调。KEGG通路富集分析发现,低盐胁迫组相对对照组显著富集与代谢相关的通路为半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸代谢,缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸生物合成代谢,脂肪酸生物合成,脂肪酸代谢,皮质醇的合成和分泌,醛固酮的合成和分泌,脂肪细胞脂解的调节等;高盐胁迫组相对对照组中显著富集的与生殖相关的通路为雌激素信号传导通路。这些结果表明,氨基酸和脂肪酸的代谢调控可能在金钱鱼卵巢的低渗透压调节中起重要作用...  相似文献   

15.
为挖掘我国名优鱼类长吻鮠 (Leiocassis longirostris)生长相关基因,本研究运用Illumina高通量测序技术比较分析了快速生长组[平均体质量为(534.02±53.68) g]和缓慢生长组[平均体质量为(108.41±4.96) g]各9尾长吻鮠的脑组织基因表达谱。测序共获得267 404 674个高质量测序片段(clean reads),通过2种不同生长速率长吻鮠脑组织转录组比较筛选出518个差异表达基因,其中,412 个基因表达量上调,106个基因表达量下调。对12个差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR验证的结果与转录组测序结果一致。GO功能分类显示,大量差异表达基因富集到生长(growth)、生长因子活性(growth factor activity)和激素介导的信号通路(hormone-mediated signaling pathway) GO条目中。KEGG富集分析显示,一些差异表达基因在MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、转化生长因子β信号通路(TGF-beta signaling pathway)、钙离子信号通路(calcium signaling pathway)和神经活性配体–受体相互作用(neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction)等途径中富集。根据GO功能注释和KEGG富集分析,筛选出gnrh、thr、egr1、fgf18、sst、gipr、cart和crf等基因是调控长吻鮠生长发育的关键候选基因。本研究结果为后续深入研究长吻鮠生长调控机制提供了重要的参考资料。  相似文献   

16.
应用引物退火控制技术(ACP)筛选尼罗罗非鱼雌雄鱼肌肉组织差异表达基因,寻找与雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关的候选基因。本实验从同等条件下养殖的尼罗罗非鱼群体中随机选取雌、雄鱼各5尾组成RNA池,采用引物退火控制技术,分析了两组个体肌肉组织差异表达基因。利用20对随机引物差异显示扩增,共获得8条ESTs,其中5个已知的ESTs分别为转录变体3(LOC100691543)、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK和转录因子Sox4,其余3个为未知的ESTs。实时定量PCR分析各差异表达基因在尼罗罗非鱼雌雄肌肉组织中的表达发现,8个差异表达基因中转录变体3与ACP6-Y在尼罗罗非鱼雄鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01),ACP3-X、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、ACP15-X、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK与转录因子Sox4在尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雄鱼(P0.01)。结果表明,应用引物退火控制技术筛选获得了8个可能参与了雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育调控的ESTs,为进一步筛选雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关候选基因奠定了基础。  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

A 30-day experiment was conducted to assess the effect of tryptophan-supplemented diets on growth and survival of Pabda, Ompok bimaculatus fry. Fifty pabda fry (0.114 ± 0.02 g; 2.45 ± 0.13 cm) were stocked into each aerated aquarium following a completely randomized design consisting of four treatments with triplicate each. Four iso-proteinious purified diets were prepared with different levels of tryptophan—0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%—of the dry diet and were designated as Control, TRP1, TRP2, and TRP3 respectively. Fishes were fed with the experimental diet ad libitum four times a day. The results showed that fish fed with tryptophan-supplemented diets exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower cannibalism and higher survival than the control diet. Further, the tryptophan-supplemented groups showed a significantly lower coefficient of variation (%) and size heterogeneity (P < 0.05). However, the growth as measured by body weight gain, length increment, and specific growth rate of fry in tryptophan-supplemented groups was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, maximum survival (52.67 ± 1.76%) and minimum cannibalism (21.33 ± 5.70%) coupled with higher growth and performance index (0.38 ± 0.01) were recorded in the 2% tryptophan-supplemented group compared to other tryptophan-fed groups. Overall interpretation from the present study concludes that the dietary supplementation of 2% tryptophan is recommended for better survival of pabda fish, although growth was compromised.  相似文献   

18.
Osmoregulation plays an important role in the migration process of catadromous fish. The osmoregulatory mechanisms of tropical marbled eel (Anguilla marmorata), a typical catadromous fish, did not gain sufficient attention, especially at the molecular level. In order to enrich the protein database of A. marmorata, a proteomic analysis has been carried out by iTRAQ technique. Among 1937 identified proteins in gill of marbled eel, the expression of 1560 proteins (80 %) was quantified. Compared with the protein expression level in the gill of marbled eel in freshwater (salinity of 0 ‰), 336 proteins were up-regulated and 67 proteins were down-regulated in seawater (salinity of 25 ‰); 33 proteins were up-regulated and 32 proteins were down-regulated in brackish water (salinity of 10 ‰). These up-regulated proteins including Na+/K+-ATPase, V-type proton ATPase, sodium–potassium–chloride co-transporter and heat shock protein 90 were enriched in many KEGG-annotated pathways, which are related to different functions of the gill. The up-regulated oxidative phosphorylation and seleno-compound metabolism pathways involve the synthesis and consumption of ATP, which represents extra energy consumption. Another identified pathway is the ribosome pathway in which a large number of up-regulated proteins are involved. It is also more notable that tight junction and cardiac muscle contraction pathways may have correlation with ion transport in gill cells. This is the first report describing the proteome of A. marmorata for acclimating to the change of salinity. These results provide a functional database for migratory fish and point out some possible new interactions on osmoregulation in A. marmorata.  相似文献   

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20.
To characterize thermal-responsive genes in fish, firstly, juvenile rainbow trout were reared in four different temperature conditions (average temperatures were 10, 14, 18, and 22 °C, respectively) and differentially expressed genes were identified. Gene expression in the liver was analyzed by the differential display method, followed by validation using real-time PCR. Subsequently, to examine whether the identified genes show heritable differences, the gene expression levels were compared among juveniles of three genetically distinct lines of rainbow trout (a strain and two closed colonies) by rearing at two different temperature conditions (average 14 and 22 °C). By rearing at 22 °C, growth retardation was observed compared with fish reared at 14 and 18 °C, and six genes were identified as differentially expressed genes in response to the rearing temperature in the gene expression analyses. With the increase in rearing temperature, gene expressions of a complement C1q and two ribosomal proteins were significantly up-regulated. On the other hand, three metabolic genes (betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, triosephosphate isomerase, and glucose-6-phosphatase) were down-regulated, indicating a metabolic depression due to high temperature. In the subsequent analyses, in response to the rearing temperature (14 and 22 °C), there was a trend that the complement C1q and glucose-6-phosphatase genes showed different expression patterns among the three rainbow trout lines, suggesting heritable differences in these genes. Our study provides information on thermal-responsive genes in fish, and we anticipate it will facilitate further investigation in the thermal biology of fish.  相似文献   

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