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藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落结构对增温的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为揭示增温对高寒草甸土壤线虫群落的影响,利用OTC模拟短期和长期增温对藏北高寒草甸土壤线虫群落进行比较研究。结果表明,短期和长期增温改变了土壤线虫的群落组成,增加了双垫刃属(Ditylenchus)和丽突属(Acrobeles)丰度。长期增温导致食真菌类线虫丰度显著增加,但各处理间食细菌类线虫、植物寄生类线虫、杂食/捕食类线虫丰度以及cp1-5类群的丰度和属数量无显著差异(P0.05)。短期和长期增温均降低了土壤线虫的多样性和均匀度,其中2015年短期增温处理显著降低了其多样性。2015年和2016年短期和长期增温土壤显著降低了线虫数量,较对照分别降低了34.45%、32.09%和25.34%和22.66%。各处理样地间MI(Maturity index)、NCR(Nematode channel ratio)、PPI(Plant parasite index)和WI(Wasilewska index)指数无显著差异(P0.05),且均表现出WI1,NCR0.5,表明增温对高寒草甸的健康状态影响不大,土壤有机质矿化途径主要由食细菌和真菌线虫参与。环境因素与土壤线虫数量冗余分析表明,植物总盖度、莎草科盖度、土壤温湿度、细菌和真菌数量对土壤线虫数量影响达到显著水平(P0.05),增温通过改变植物、土壤理化性质和微生物数量等环境因子而影响高寒草甸土壤线虫群落组成。 相似文献
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为了探究灌木对土壤线虫群落的影响,采用湿漏斗法(Baermann法),调查了内蒙古草原化荒漠区中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)灌丛内和灌丛外不同土层(0?10、10?20、30?40 cm)土壤线虫群落组成结构.结果表明:1)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著提高了灌丛内表层土土壤线虫总数(P<0.05),但对其物种数和Shannon-Wiener指数影响不显著(P>0.05);随着土壤深度的增加,灌丛内土壤线虫总数和Shannon-Wiener指数逐渐减少.2)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著增加了表层土食细菌和食真菌线虫总数;土壤深度显著影响食细菌、植物寄生和杂食捕食线虫总数(P<0.05),且无论是灌丛内还是灌丛外,均表现为表层土或次表层土最多.3)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著影响自由生活线虫成熟度指数/植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(maturity index/plant parasitic index,PPI/MI)比值(P<0.05),表现为灌丛外大于灌丛内;土壤深度对其影响不显著(P>0.05).4)随着土壤深度的增加,中间锦鸡儿灌丛内土壤线虫向居住者类型(persister,cp3–cp5)转变;而灌丛外向殖民者类型(colonizer,cp1或cp2)转变.冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)是影响土壤线虫群落的主要环境因子,且不同属和不同营养类群的土壤线虫对环境的响应不同. 相似文献
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施氮磷肥对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤线虫群落组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对典型高寒草甸放牧不施肥(G),放牧施氮肥(GN)(5,10,15 g/m2)和放牧施磷肥(GP)(2,4,8 g/m2)条件下的土壤线虫群落组成进行研究,结果表明,放牧草甸施肥条件下,土壤线虫多样性升高、成熟度指数随施肥梯度升高而降低,但各处理间土壤线虫多样性指数、成熟度指数和数量没有显著差异。放牧施氮肥、放牧施磷肥处理中食真菌和捕食性土壤线虫数量降低,食细菌土壤线虫数量增加,且食细菌土壤线虫在施磷肥处理中增加显著。在少量施氮肥和磷肥时,植食性土壤线虫数量较低,但杂食性土壤线虫数量较高。土壤线虫cp-1和cp-3类群的数量随施肥梯度的升高而增多,其他类群的数量降低。除食细菌土壤线虫外,其他类群土壤线虫与土壤理化性质之间没有显著相关关系。 相似文献
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为了探究灌木对土壤线虫群落的影响,采用湿漏斗法(Baermann法),调查了内蒙古草原化荒漠区中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)灌丛内和灌丛外不同土层(0?10、10?20、30?40 cm)土壤线虫群落组成结构。结果表明:1)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著提高了灌丛内表层土土壤线虫总数(P<0.05),但对其物种数和Shannon-Wiener指数影响不显著(P>0.05);随着土壤深度的增加,灌丛内土壤线虫总数和Shannon-Wiener指数逐渐减少。2)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著增加了表层土食细菌和食真菌线虫总数;土壤深度显著影响食细菌、植物寄生和杂食捕食线虫总数(P<0.05),且无论是灌丛内还是灌丛外,均表现为表层土或次表层土最多。3)中间锦鸡儿灌丛显著影响自由生活线虫成熟度指数/植物寄生线虫成熟度指数(maturity index/plant parasitic index,PPI/MI)比值(P<0.05),表现为灌丛外大于灌丛内;土壤深度对其影响不显著(P>0.05)。4)随着土壤深度的增加,中间锦鸡儿灌丛内土壤线虫向居住者类型(persister,cp3–cp5)转变;而灌丛外向殖民者类型(colonizer,cp1或cp2)转变。冗余分析(RDA)结果表明,速效磷(P)和速效钾(K)是影响土壤线虫群落的主要环境因子,且不同属和不同营养类群的土壤线虫对环境的响应不同。 相似文献
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奇妙单顶孢菌对绵羊捻转血矛线虫三期幼虫的体内外杀虫试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国兽医学报》2020,(8)
在体外试验中评估7株当地分离的食线虫真菌奇妙单顶孢菌(Monacrosporium thaumasium)对捻转血矛线虫感染性幼虫(L3)的捕食能力。取2 mL试验菌株的菌悬液加入含有10 g捻转血矛线虫虫卵的粪便中作为试验组,对照组中不加真菌,然后进行粪便培养、L3分离和计数,计算L3的平均数和百分减少率。选择NBS063分离株灌服感染有捻转血矛线虫的绵羊,收集灌服后0 h(对照组)、12～96 h不同时间点的粪便(试验组),经粪便培养后,计算L3百分减少率。结果显示,7株当地分离株在与绵羊粪便中发育的幼虫相互作用后,与对照组相比,试验组粪便培养后所分离的L3显著减少(P0.05),它们对粪便中L3的减少率为89.21%～99.86%。NBS063灌服绵羊后,分别在灌服真菌后12,24,36,48,72,96 h对L3的减少率是85.18%,95.26%,94.82%,53.60%,29.49%和15.06%。7株奇妙单顶孢菌当地分离株具有将来应用于动物寄生线虫病生物防治中的潜力。 相似文献
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1998年笔者对福建沙县洋坊的溪口和上岸两地来园中生长衰弱的果树进行取样,在室内分离鉴定线虫种类。结果,共分离鉴定出10个属的线虫,分别为根结线虫属、螺旋线虫属、纽带线虫属、矮化线虫属、中环线虫属、根腐线虫属、毛刺线虫属、到线虫属、滑刃线虫属、真得刃线虫届。棕树根部的植物线虫群体结构比较简单,构成线虫群体的线虫属仅有1－4属。剑线虫和螺旋线虫是条根部的优势线虫,这两类线虫的分布频率分别达到69．2％和53．8％,特别是剑线虫在根际土壤中有较高的群体水平,在50ml根际土壤中线虫量可达30-40条。另外,应注意刻线虫不… 相似文献
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The effects of management practices on the spread and impact of parasites and infectious diseases in wildlife and domestic animals are of increasing concern worldwide, particularly in cases where management of wild species can influence disease spill-over into domestic animals. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA, winter supplemental feeding of Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) may enhance parasite and disease transmission by aggregating elk on feedgrounds. In this study, we tested the effect of supplemental feeding on gastrointestinal parasite infection in elk by comparing fecal egg/oocyst counts of fed and unfed elk. We collected fecal samples from fed and unfed elk at feedground and control sites from January to April 2006, and screened all samples for parasites. Six different parasite types were identified, and 48.7% of samples were infected with at least one parasite. Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes (Nematoda: Strongylida), Trichuris spp., and coccidia were the most common parasites observed. For all three of these parasites, fecal egg/oocyst counts increased from January to April. Supplementally fed elk had significantly higher GI nematode egg counts than unfed elk in January and February, but significantly lower counts in April. These patterns suggest that supplemental feeding may both increase exposure and decrease susceptibility of elk to GI nematodes, resulting in differences in temporal patterns of egg shedding between fed and unfed elk. 相似文献
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甘肃省昆虫病原线虫区系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为查明甘肃省昆虫病原线虫的种类及区系分布,通过大蜡螟诱捕法对甘肃省昆虫病原线虫资源进行了调查,分离得到昆虫病原线虫种群51个,分属于8个种：斯氏线虫属（Steinernema）5种,异小杆线虫属（Heterorhabditis）3种。其中斯氏属3个种A,B,C和异小杆1个种D属于国内新记录种。调查表明：甘肃省昆虫病原线虫的优势种为Steinernema feltiae,昆虫病原线虫的分布与土壤类型及植被类型关系密切,沙壤土和壤土中线虫检出率分别为12.2%和8.8%,较粘土5.3%的检出率高,且在果园、菜地和大田中的线虫检出率分别为10.4%,9.2%和5.2%,较未耕地3.3%的检出率高,说明沙壤土和壤土适于昆虫病原线虫的种群建立,且在有农事活动的地块中昆虫病原线虫分布较多。 相似文献
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A 14-year-old horse (imported to Switzerland from Ireland 8 years earlier) showed signs of chewing muscle atrophy. A severe chronic myositis, caused by numerous immature and mature female nematodes, was diagnosed in muscle samples obtained by biopsy and subsequently at necropsy. Most of the nematodes had invaded muscle fibres of the masseter, root of the tongue and anterior breast, only a few were found in the intermuscular interstitium. Isolated nematodes and parasite sections were clearly different from muscle larvae of Trichinella spp. but showed morphological similarities to Haycocknema perplexum, a nematode species (order Enoplida, family Robertdollfusidae) recently found in the musculature of a human patient in Australia. However, our material did not allow the precise identification of the nematode genus nor the unequivocal differentiation from Halicephalobus gingivalis. This species infects horses and humans and can cause severe granuloma formation in muscles and many other organ systems, but has never been observed to invade individual muscle fibres. Our findings show that nematodes of another genus than Trichinella may invade muscle fibres of the horse and cause myositis. These nematodes are provisionally regarded as Haycocknema-like. 相似文献
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Guinea fowl from different regions of Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (BASSR) were examined for helminths. Of the 547 fowl examined, 451 (82.4%) harboured at least one species of helminth. A total of 56,772 helminths were collected and classified. Of this number seven were found to be trematodes, 25 cestodes and 56,740 nematodes. Five species of helminths were identified. Amongst infected birds, trematodes were present in three (0.7%), cestodes in eight (1.8%) and nematodes in 451 (100%). Of all recorded helminths, the incidence of Heterakis gallinarum (Gmelin, 1790) was highest. Pre-patent periods for seven species of trematodes were observed in guinea fowl for the first time. 相似文献
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矿区排土场是草原被开垦利用的产物,植被恢复对已破坏草原生态系统具有重要意义。线虫是草原地下生态系统的主要组成部分,对土壤环境反应敏感,可作为一种良好的指示性生物。通过对人工植被恢复8年、人工植被恢复4年、无植被恢复4年的矿区排土场和自然状态下的天然草地中0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层中线虫的数量、种类和群落结构多样性开展研究,旨在揭示草原植被恢复对矿区排土场土壤线虫的影响。结果表明：试验区共分离出土壤线虫51个属,不同草原植被恢复方式影响土壤线虫种类及优势度,不同恢复方式下土壤线虫的优势属有一定差异;草原植被恢复方式影响土壤线虫数量及营养类群,不同草原植被恢复方式下土壤线虫数量及属数从大到小依次为：人工恢复8年>人工恢复4年>天然草地>无恢复4年;人工恢复4年区及8年区捕食/杂食类线虫数量高于无恢复区,整个地下土壤线虫多样性增大;无恢复4年区的H′多样性指数显著（P<0.05）低于其他3种处理,反映出草原植被恢复对土壤线虫群落成熟稳定的作用,揭示了土壤恢复状况。研究结果为矿区排土场生态恢复措施的选择和实施提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Parasitic nematode infection indices were recorded in different fish species collected at Cartagena Bay, North of Colombia. Among 19 studied species, the Mugil genus presented the highest prevalence (83.9-100%), although Sciades herzbergii, Caranx hippos and Centropomus undecimalis were also found infected with nematodes. Parasites were found in the liver, intestinal mesenteries and encysted near the intervertebral joints, with an average parasite abundance of 4.0 ± 0.3 nematodes per fish. Morphological analysis allowed the identification of these nematodes as Contracaecum sp. A small, but positive correlation was found between parasite abundance and length (R=0.294, P<0.001) and weight (R=0.244, P<0.001). In contrast, the correlation between parasite abundance and condition factor was negative (R=-0.191, P<0.001). These results are the first describing the presence of nematodes in several fish species of this ecosystem, and it highlights the need for monitoring parasitism in Mugil species in order to avoid parasite ingestion during fish consumption. 相似文献
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非植物寄生线虫是土壤中的有益线虫。在2018年对锡盟露天煤矿不同植被恢复方式下排土场非线虫种类及数量进行了研究,结果表明:排土场的植被恢复区非植物寄生线虫种类、数量高于无恢复区;在0~10cm土层处,恢复4年、恢复8年及天然草地有3个优势属,而无恢复区有2个属;10~20cm土层中恢复8年区优势属为3个,而恢复4年区优势属为2个,天然草地及无恢复区优势属均为1个;矿区排土场种植被恢复区出现土壤cp值为4的线虫类型,而无恢复区没有此类线虫。由此可见,植被恢复使土壤非植物寄生线虫种类及数量发生了改变,有利于排土场土壤的改善。 相似文献
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Kenneth Dale Jones 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2013,22(4):375-382
Internal parasitic infections are common in the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). More than 50 different species of nematodes have been identified from the genus Didelphis. Of them, 3 can cause significant illness to native opossums in Southern California, 2 gastrointestinal nematodes and 1 pulmonary nematode. This article provides an overview of the life cycles, methods for identification, pathologic findings, diagnostic tests, clinical signs, and options for treating these common nematode species. 相似文献
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基于核糖体DNA第一与第二转录间隔序列以及5.8S序列,以分离自广州动物园大熊猫体内的蛔虫为研究对象,用保守引物NC_5和NC_2对核糖体DNA（rDNA）的内转录间隔区ITS-1,ITS-2及5.8S序列进行PCR扩增,扩增后的片段纯化后克隆至pGEM-Teasy载体,重组质粒通过菌液PCR鉴定后,对阳性菌落进行序列测定及分析,鉴定大熊猫蛔虫的种类。结果显示,目的片段总长为910 bp,2个不同样品之间的ITS及5.8S序列没有差异,与GenBank~（TM）中的拜林蛔线虫（Baylisascaris transfuga）、猪蛔虫（Ascaris suum）和人蛔虫（Ascaris lumbricoides）的ITS序列相似性分别为96.6%、82.9%和82.7%。结果表明,此次分离的大熊猫蛔线虫可能为拜林蛔线虫。 相似文献