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1.
小麦秸秆还田和施钾对棉花产量与养分吸收的效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在长江流域麦棉两熟制条件下,以Bt转基因抗虫棉为材料,设置不同秸秆还田量(4500 kg hm–2和9000 kg hm–2,即半量还田和全量还田)与施钾量(K2O,150 kg hm-2和300 kg hm-2)田间定位试验,研究小麦秸秆还田对棉花产量和主要养分吸收累积的影响及其与化肥钾的差异。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥的基础上,与对照相比,秸秆全量还田处理显著提高了铃数、铃重和皮棉产量,还田第2年和第3年产量增长率分别达143.5%和93.7%;显著提高了各生育时期尤其是吐絮期生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量,延缓了棉花衰老。秸秆还田对钾吸收的促进效应大于氮磷,还田第3年棉株钾累积总量较对照增加335.1%,每生产100 kg皮棉钾吸收比例增大112.1%。秸秆全量还田处理(K2O,约折合150 kg hm–2)促进养分吸收、防止早衰及增产效应均显著大于秸秆半量还田处理,但显著低于施钾量300 kg K2O hm–2处理,与施钾量150 kg K2O hm–2处理的增产效果相当,但养分吸收量较150 kg K2O hm–2处理下降。 相似文献
2.
Q. M. Ketterings G. Godwin J. H. Cherney T. F. Kilcer 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2005,191(1):41-46
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in brown midrib (BMR) sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS) as a replacement for silage corn (Zea mays L.) in the north‐eastern USA. Recent studies suggest it is suitable for both rotational grazing and as a hay crop and could compete with corn harvested for silage in years when wet spring conditions prevent the timely planting of corn. However, little is known about its suitability as forage for non‐lactating cows that require low potassium (K) forages to prevent health problems. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of K fertilizer management (0, 112 or 224 kg K2O ha?1 cut?1) under optimum N management (112–168 kg N ha?1 cut?1) on yield, quality and K concentrations of BMR SxS over a 2‐year period. Field trials were established on a fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Fragiaquepts with medium K‐supplying capacity and characteristic of a large region in New York. Potassium application did not affect dry matter yields in either of the 2 years. Averaged over 2 years, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) significantly increased with K addition with similar but non‐significant trends observed in each of the years individually. The digestibility of NDF was unaffected by K application. Crude protein (CP) concentrations showed a significant decrease with K application in 2002 and similar trends were observed in 2003, although differences were not significant at P ≤ 0.05. The changes in NDF and CP did not significantly impact forage quality expressed as milk production per megagram of silage. Potassium application increased forage K concentration up to 13 mg K kg?1 dry matter (in the first cut in 2003). Forage Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with K addition except for the first cut in 2002 where differences between 112 and 224 kg K2O ha?1 treatments were not significant. Without K addition in the 2‐year period, K concentrations in the forage decreased from 23 g kg?1 for the first cutting in 2002 to 15 g kg?1 for the second cut in 2003. Low K forage was obtained for all second‐cut forage unless 224 kg K2O ha?1 cut?1 had been added. First‐cut forage was suitable only when no additional K had been applied. These results suggest low K BMR SxS forage can be harvested from initially high K soils without loss in dry matter yield as long as no additional K is added. 相似文献
3.
北疆灌耕灰漠土施钾对棉花钾素营养生理和产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择新疆北疆棉区具有代表性的灌耕灰漠土,采用透射电镜显微技术和常规分析方法,对棉花的钾素营养和钾肥肥效进行了研究。结果表明,施钾可提高棉花冠层功能叶的气孔导度,改善棉花生长中后期功能叶的叶绿体超微结构,使基粒片层数量多且排列整齐致密,而不施钾会导致棉花功能叶片叶绿体过早解体。施钾显著提高了棉花的含钾量,叶和铃壳中钾含量比对照分别增加了13.3%和6.3%。施钾可使果枝数增加11.8%,显著提高皮棉产量,但对纤维品质无明显作用。 相似文献
4.
氮肥用量及钾肥施用对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为探明优化施氮量与高施氮量下不同钾肥施用处理对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响。本试验于2010年5月–2011年7月在江苏省如皋市农业科学研究所试验基地的田间稻麦轮作条件下,对常规粳稻品种镇稻11和春性中筋品种扬麦16设置了两个氮肥用量下不同钾肥用量及施用方法处理,测定稻麦周年的产量和组成因子,成熟期不同器官的氮、钾浓度和累积量,氮、钾利用效率及经济效益。试验结果表明,钾肥的施用显著提高了周年稻麦的产量,同时提高了稻麦的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率,钾肥的利用效率和经济效益。稻麦周年钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力(PFP)、农学效率(AE)、回收利用率(RE)和经济效益均以周年钾肥(K2O)土壤施用150 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施16.2 kg hm-2 (KS150 + KF16.2)处理最高。氮肥用量的结果表明,相对于优化施氮量,高施氮量有利于提高水稻的氮素营养而增产,但对稻麦周年产量的影响不显著,且优化施氮量的氮肥利用效率及经济效益均高于高施氮量。因此,综合考虑土壤环境因素、经济效益和肥料资源管理,本地区最佳氮肥(N)用量为水稻200 kg hm-2,小麦180 kg hm-2;最佳钾肥(K2O)用量及方法为水稻土壤施用90 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施9.7 kg hm-2 (KS90 + KF9.7),小麦土壤施用60 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施6.5 kg hm-2 (KS60 + KF6.5)。 相似文献
5.
Eleven cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars were evaluated for their growth and yield performance in Shihezi, Xinjiang, China, an area in Central Asia with short growing period in 1999 and 2000. In each cultivar the number of bolls per plant was low and the number of bolls per unit area was high. Each cultivar showed rather high seed and lint yields. The highest lint yield was Xinluzao 10 in both years with 1761 and 1809 kg ha?1. High yield ability of the cultivars in this study was attributed to large number of bolls per unit area with high lint percentage. Seed and lint yields had significant positive correlations with mean net assimilation rate, ratio of reproductive to vegetative organs and mean boll weight at earlier stages of boll growth, suggesting that early boll formation and successive partitioning of dry matter into bolls were important factors for boll growth in this study area. 相似文献
6.
Field experiments were conducted at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003, to study the effect of inorganic, organic and Azotobacter combined sources of N on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and their residual effect on succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop. The results indicated considerable increase in yield attributes and mean seed cotton yield (2.33 Mg ha?1) with the combined application of 30 kg N and farmyard manure (FYM) at 12 Mg ha?1 along with Azotobacter (M4). The treatment in cotton that included FYM, especially when fertilizer N was also applied could either improve or maintain the soil fertility status in terms of available N, P and K. Distinct increase in yield attributes and grain yield of wheat was observed with the residual effect of integrated application of 30 kg N ha?1 + FYM at 12 Mg ha?1 + Azotobacter. Direct application of 120 kg N ha?1 resulted 67.4 and 17.7 % increase in mean grain yield of wheat over no N and 60 kg N ha?1, respectively. Integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizer is therefore, recommended for higher productivity and sustainability of the cotton–wheat system. 相似文献
7.
不同钾肥用量对长绒棉养分吸收、分配和利用的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
南疆长绒棉高产区,不同钾肥处理下长绒棉氮、磷、钾的吸收符合Logistic生长函数模型。各处理棉花钾素的吸收集中在出苗后的60~110 d内,在这50 d左右时间内吸收钾的量占生育期总吸收量的近60%。在一定范围内增加钾肥的用量可以促进棉株对氮、磷养分的吸收。棉株对氮、磷、钾的吸收速率均呈一单峰曲线,钾素吸收速率在出苗后80～85 d达到速率最大值;氮素的吸收速率明显高于钾和磷素吸收速率;与氮、钾不同的是,磷吸收峰相对平缓,施用钾肥对磷素吸收速率没有明显影响。吐絮期棉铃中的钾、氮、磷素随施钾量的增加在一定范围内均有所增加,施钾对棉铃的生长发育有一定的影响。氮素分配总体规律和钾素分配一致,施用钾肥对长绒棉磷素各器官的分配影响不大。合理施用钾肥,可以显著提高长绒棉的皮棉产量,明显促进棉株对氮、磷养分的吸收,过量施用钾肥会降低钾肥的利用效率。 相似文献
8.
M. A. Cheema M. A. Malik A. Hussain S. H. Shah & S. M. A. Basra 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,186(2):103-110
A field study was conducted to investigate the influence of variable rates of application of N and P fertilizers in splits at various times on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola (Brassica napus L.) during 1995–97. Rates of fertilizer application were 0 and 0 (F0), 60 and 0 (F1), 0 and 30 (F2), 60 and 30 (F3), 90 and 60 (F4) and 120 and 90 (F5) kg N ha?1 and kg P2O5 ha?1. All the P was applied at sowing while N was applied in splits, i.e. all at sowing, half at sowing and half with first irrigation, or half at sowing and half at flowering. The responses of growth, seed yield and components of yield were consistent in both years. Increasing the rate of fertilizer application from F4 (90/60 kg N/P2O5 ha?1) to F5 (120/90 kg N/P2O5 ha?1) increased the leaf area index (LAI) relative to the control and to lower rates of fertilizer application. For both crops, application of 90/60 kg N/P2O5 ha?1 significantly enhanced total dry matter (TDM) and seed yield. Seed yield increased mainly due to a greater number of pods per plant and seeds per seed‐pod. The time of fertilizer application did not significantly affect seed yield or components of yield in either season. Oil yield generally followed seed yield, increasing with increasing rate of fertilizer application up to 90/60 kg N/P2O5 ha?1. The maximum oil contents were obtained from the control. The results show that seed and oil yields of canola were maximized at the F4 (90/60 kg N/P2O5 ha?1) rate of application under the agro‐ecological conditions of Faisalabad, Pakistan. 相似文献
9.
Little is known about the effect of combined phosphorus and nitrogen (P‐N) fertilization on the N requirement of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of varying levels of P and N, as well as the interaction P × N, on the N uptake, yield and N apparent utilization efficiency under field conditions. Split‐plot design experiments were conducted in the mid‐western Pampas in Argentina. Four levels of N (0, 46, 92 and 138 kg N ha?1) and three levels of P (0, 12 and 40 kg P ha?1) were applied to two Typic Hapludolls over two growing seasons (1997–98 and 1998–99). N uptake and soil N‐NO3 contents were determined at the V7, R5 and R9 growth stages. The sunflower yield ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 Mg ha?1. The total N requirement was around 45 kg N Mg?1 grain, and this result suggests that it is not necessary to use different N requirements (parameter b) for fertilized crops when a yield response is expected. To achieve a 100 % yield maximum a N supply (soil plus fertilizer) of 181 kg N ha?1 at P40 was needed. However, at P0, the highest yield was about 80 % of the maximum yield with a N supply (soil plus fertilizer) of 164 kg N ha?1. P application increased the apparent use efficiency of the supplied N. 相似文献
10.
Nutrient Management Effects on Light Interception, Photosynthesis, Growth, Dry-matter Production and Yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A field experiment was conducted on sandy loam acidic soil to study the effect of nutrient managements on light interception, photosynthesis, growth, biomass production and yield of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.]. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of siliqua per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, 1000‐seed weight, seed and oil yield of Indian mustard improved at 100 % recommended rates of NPK (N‐P‐K at 80‐17.2‐33.2 kg ha?1) + 10 t ha?1 farmyard manure (FYM) (T3) compared with 100 % NPK rate (T2). It was also at par with 100 % NPK + 10 kg ha?1 borax + 20 kg ha?1 ZnSO4 (T6) and 50 % NPK + 10 t ha?1 FYM +10 kg ha?1 borax + 20 kg ha?1 ZnSO4 (T10). The rate of photosynthesis increased due to appropriate nutrient management treatments (T3, T6 or T10) with concomitant increase in photosynthetically active radiation, internal CO2 concentration and rate of transpiration and decrease in stomatal resistance. Consequent upon the higher rate of photosynthesis, dry‐matter accumulation increased. The crop receiving nutrient treatment T3 or T6 maintained higher light interception ratio (LIR), leaf area index (LAI), biomass production, crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) that resulted in greater rate of photosynthesis, harvest index and seed yield. Similarly, T10 was equally efficient in registering greater LIR, LAI, CGR, NAR and seed yield of mustard. The average seed yields were 1692, 1683 and 1668 kg ha?1 in T3, T6 and T10, respectively, and these three treatments were significantly superior to T2 (1332 kg ha?1), control (723 kg ha?1) and other treatments. Significantly greater seed oil contents of 41.30, 40.60 and 41.07 % were recorded in T3, T6 and T10, respectively. Thus, significant improvement due to appropriate combination of NPK, FYM, borax and ZnSO4 was observed for uptake of nutrients. 相似文献
11.
E. A. Mikhailova J. H. Cherney D. J. R. Cherney 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2003,189(6):367-375
Increased recovery and recycling of manure phosphorus (P) by crops on dairy farms is needed to minimize environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to compare P utilization by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae Schreb.) from dairy manure or inorganic fertilizer. The study was conducted from 1994 to 2000 at the Cornell University Baker Farm, Willsboro, NY, on a somewhat poorly drained Kingsbury clay (very–fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs). The design was a split‐plot in a randomized complete block with two manure rates (16 800 and 33 600 kg ha?1) and one nitrogen (N) fertilizer rate (84 kg N ha?1 at spring greenup and 56 kg N ha?1 prior to each regrowth harvest) as the main plots and grass species as subplots replicated six times. Fertilizer P [Ca(H2PO4)2] was applied to the fertilizer treatment in 1995 and 1996 at 11 kg P ha?1 year?1. Orchardgrass P removal averaged 21 % higher than tall fescue P removal for the spring harvest, but orchardgrass averaged 24 % lower P removal than tall fescue removal for all regrowth harvests from 1995–99. Phosphorus herbage concentration in the fertilizer treatment was in the range of 1.9–2.7 g P kg?1 compared with 2.2–5.3 g P kg?1 in the manure treatments. Seasonal P removal ranged from as low as 9.2 kg P ha?1 to as high as 48.5 kg P ha?1. Morgan extractable soil P in the top 0–0.20 m remained high through 1999, with 29.1 kg P ha?1 at the highest manure rate in tall fescue compared with 8.4 kg P ha?1 measured in 1993 prior to the experiment. In 2000, soil P at the highest manure rate in tall fescue dropped to 10.1 kg P ha?1, following cessation of manure application in 1998. Intensively managed harvested orchardgrass and tall fescue have the potential to remove large quantities of manure P. 相似文献
12.
灌溉方式和施氮量对棉花生长及氮素利用效率的影响 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
设置2年田间小区试验,探讨了不同灌溉方式及施氮量对棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、皮棉产量及氮素效率的影响。结果表明,与漫灌相比滴灌显著增加了棉花生物量、氮素吸收量、皮棉产量以及氮肥利用率;滴灌棉花地上部各器官干物质积累量和氮素吸收量显著大于漫灌,而地下部干物质积累量和氮素吸收量显著低于漫灌,滴灌条件下较好的水分条件抑制了棉花根系生长而促进地上部生长。施用氮肥显著提高了棉花生物量、氮素吸收量。皮棉产量在施氮量为360 kg·hm-2时最大,过高氮肥投入无助于棉花产量提高。随着施氮量的增加,氮肥利用率、农学利用率、偏生产力均显著降低。灌溉方式与施氮量互作效应对棉花单株铃数及皮棉产量产生显著影响。 相似文献
13.
花铃期棉田速效养分时空变异特征及对棉花产量品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
试验于2004年在河南安阳(黄河流域黄淮棉区)和江苏南京(长江流域下游棉区)大田进行。氮素设0、120、240、360和480 kg hm-2(分别用N0、N1、N2、N3、N4表示) 5个水平, 磷、钾施用量分别为185 kg hm-2和118 kg hm-2, 研究花铃期棉田土壤速效养分时间、空间变异特征及对棉花产量品质的影响。结果表明, 随着生育进程, 两试点N0处理0~60 cm土壤各层碱解氮呈先降低后升高的趋势, 其他4个处理先呈现下降趋势, 棉田追肥后, 含量明显增加, 之后明显降低, 吐絮后又开始回升; 两试点速效磷、速效钾含量均表现为先降低后升高的趋势。0~60 cm土壤各层速效养分含量随深度的增加呈下降的趋势。相同土层碱解氮、速效磷含量随距棉株水平距离的增加, 南京N1、N2、N3、N4处理呈下降趋势, N0处理水平变异特征不明显; 南京碱解氮含量时空变异较安阳显著, 安阳速效磷含量时空变异较南京显著。南京0~60 cm、安阳20~60 cm土层速效钾含量表现为随距棉株水平距离的增加均呈下降趋势, 而安阳0~20 cm呈现相反趋势。安阳、南京分别以360 kg hm-2和240 kg hm-2施氮水平棉花产量构成相对合理、皮棉产量最高、纤维长度和比强度较优。因此, 不同生态区应根据花铃期棉田速效养分时空变异特征, 确定适宜施肥量, 提高棉花产量品质。 相似文献
14.
氮、磷、钾肥用量对油菜角果抗裂性相关性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用角果抗裂性存在显著差异的2个油菜品种,于2012—2014年进行氮肥(0、90、180、270和360 kg N hm–2)、磷肥(0、60、120、180和270 kg P2O5 hm–2)、钾肥(0、75、150、225和300 kg K2O hm–2)用量对油菜角果抗裂性相关性状影响的单因素试验。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥用量对油菜抗裂角指数的影响均呈波峰曲线变化,华双5号和华航901达最大抗裂角指数的纯氮用量分别为160 kg hm–2和140 kg hm–2、P2O5为120 kg hm–2和160 kg hm–2、K2O均为180 kg hm–2;油菜抗裂角指数的变化大小因肥料种类而异,氮、磷、钾3种肥料中,钾肥对抗裂角指数的影响最大;不同氮、磷、钾肥用量处理条件下,角果果壳重和植株株高的变化是影响油菜角果抗裂角性的重要因素,可作为初步、快速筛选油菜抗裂角种质资源的重要指标。 相似文献
15.
棉花苗期耐低钾能力筛选指标研究及其与产量、品质的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以长江流域下游棉区的12个棉花主栽品种为研究材料,在人工气候室水培和田间种植条件下进行棉花苗期耐低钾能力筛选指标研究。结果表明,低钾会放大棉花苗期关于钾素吸收利用和光合碳同化等生理特性上的品种间差异幅度。土壤严重缺钾时会显著降低棉花铃数、铃重及衣分,其中铃数响应土壤缺钾最为敏感,而在铃重组成中纤维质量对土壤缺钾的响应幅度大于棉子质量。通过对比基于棉花苗期不同生理指标和最终产量与品质指标的筛选结果,发现综合考虑棉花苗期叶片SuSy活性、SPAD值和单株叶片生物量3项指标的低钾胁迫系数对棉花最终产量与品质的耐低钾能力具有较好的预测效果。通过试验筛选出低钾敏感型棉花品种泗杂3号和耐低钾型棉花品种泗棉3号,二者可作为进一步研究低钾环境下棉花产量、品质形成机理的理想试验材料。 相似文献
16.
基肥配比和拔节期追氮对糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以苏玉糯4号为材料,采用二因素裂区设计,研究了不同基肥配比(纯N 75 kg hm-2、纯N 75 kg hm-2+K2O 70 kg hm-2、纯N 75 kg hm-2+P2O5 65 kg hm-2和纯N 75 kg hm-2 +P2O5 65 kg hm-2+K2O 70 kg hm-2)和拔节期追氮(0、150和300 kg hm-2)对糯玉米淀粉胶凝和回生特性的影响。结果表明,淀粉和回生淀粉的起始温度、峰值温度和终值温度虽然受到施肥处理的影响,但总体上变异较小。热焓值受基肥配比影响较小,糊化范围和峰值指数受拔节期追氮量影响较小。在不同基肥配比处理下,糊化范围在基施氮钾时最低,氮磷钾合理配施处理下最高,峰值指数表现和糊化范围相反。在拔节期不同追氮量处理下,热焓值以追氮150 kg hm-2时最高,追氮300 kg hm-2或不追氮无显著差异。胶凝淀粉冷藏后发生回生,表现为转变温度、热焓值和峰值指数降低,糊化范围变宽。和仅基施氮相比,增施磷或(和)钾都可降低淀粉的回生值和回生淀粉的热焓值,拔节期追氮处理的这两项指标均劣于不追氮处理。回生值与回生淀粉的热焓值和峰值指数显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.90 (P < 0.01)和0.41 (P < 0.05); 原淀粉的热焓值与峰值指数极显著正相关, 相关系数为0.65 (P < 0.01),与回生淀粉热焓值显著正相关,相关系数0.44 (P < 0.05),与终值温度显著负相关,相关系数-0.41 (P < 0.05)。在本试验条件下,以氮磷钾均衡基施并拔节期追氮150 kg hm-2时,淀粉胶凝和回生特性较为理想,表现为热焓值较高,回生值较低。 相似文献
17.
基肥配比和拔节期追氮对鲜食糯玉米籽粒物性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以鲜食糯玉米品种苏玉糯5号和渝糯7号为材料研究表明,基肥配比和拔节期追氮对籽粒物性有显著影响,且基肥配比对物性参数(除脆度和黏聚性)影响大于拔节期追氮。物性参数中,黏着性、脆度和咀嚼度变异系数较高。基肥处理中,总体上以氮磷钾肥合理配比(N 75 kg hm-2 + P2O5 75 kg hm-2 + K2O 75 kg hm-2)时硬度、脆度、黏着性(绝对值)、弹性、黏聚性和咀嚼度较高,回复性适中。随着拔节期追氮量增加,硬度、脆度、黏聚性、咀嚼度和回复性均呈先升后降趋势,黏着性在不追氮和追氮150 kg hm-2处理下无显著差异,但显著高于追氮300 kg hm-2处理,弹性受拔节期追氮量影响较小。相关分析表明,硬度和脆度与弹性、黏聚性和咀嚼度显著正相关。黏着性与弹性、咀嚼度显著负相关,与回复性显著正相关。弹性、黏聚性和咀嚼度两两极显著正相关。综合考虑各参数的变化趋势,氮磷钾均衡基施并拔节期适量追氮时两品种籽粒具有较好的黏着性、咀嚼度和脆度,且苏玉糯5号籽粒硬度显著低于渝糯7号。 相似文献
18.
南疆棉区杂交棉高产栽培优化配方施肥技术研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用“3414”不完全设计方法,研究了南疆杂交棉高产栽培水平下氮磷钾肥料的优化配比效果。结果表明：氮磷钾肥料的主效应对杂交棉皮棉产量的影响顺序为钾肥＞磷肥＞氮肥;氮磷钾肥料两因素间的交互作用,对杂交棉皮棉产量影响的大小顺序是N×K＞P×K＞N×P;根据氮磷钾肥料组合寻优结果和杂交棉高产棉田的实践,在南疆种植杂交棉要获得2836～3050 kg·hm-2的皮棉产量,需施纯N 262.3～748.5 kg·hm-2,P2O5 14.1～277.0 kg·hm-2,K2O 43.6～199.8 kg·hm-2;最佳经济施肥量分别为：纯N 433.9 kg·hm-2,P2O5 116.5 kg·hm-2,K2O 103.0 kg·hm-2,N∶P2O5∶K2O=1∶0.27∶0.24。 相似文献
19.
20.
N2O Emissions from True Meadows Dependent on Location and N Fertilization Agricultural production is thought to be a main anthropogenic emitter of nitrous oxide (N2O), which contributes to global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer. There is still considerable uncertainty about the amount of N2O emission, and the site‐specific parameters that affect N2O emission. From October 1995 until March 1998 experiments were conducted at established field plots (true meadows) at three different sites, i.e. low mountain range (Eifel), lowland (Niederrhein), and moist meadows (Münsterland). Plots were fertilized with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at nitrogen equivalents ranging from 0 to 360 kg N ha–1. N2O fluxes were measured throughout the whole year using the closed‐chamber method. In addition, data on temperature, water‐filled pore space and precipitation were collected. N2O emission rates (mg N2O‐N ha–1 h–1) were highest either after fertilizer application or in winter during frost, depending on the experimental site and N dosage. The annual amount of N losses due to N2O emission was dependent on the experimental site and the type and dosage of fertilizer. Disregarding the 360 kg N ha–1 level of the CAN treatments, the N losses in this experiment were less than 1.5 kg N2O‐N ha–1 yr–1. At low fertilizer dosage there was no reliable correlation between the amount of N that was applied and the amount of N2O that was emitted. However, with high fertilizer levels the N2O emissions increased gradually. Finally, N2O emissions were more influenced by the amount of CAN than by the site. 相似文献