共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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通过对长武王东沟村农户土地利用结构及经济收入的详细调查,揭示了2007年王东沟小流域不同收入类型农户的土地利用结构现状、1998-2007年的土地利用结构变化情况、产业结构和投入产出情况及其经济效益等.结果表明当前农户最主要的土地利用方式是果园和耕地.收入的主要来源是工副业和果业,各类型间农户收入及其构成差异显著.不同收入水平农户的效益差异与有自然条件、管理水平及劳动力水平等因素有关.提出王东沟小流域应结合目前政策形势调整农户种植结构,合理配置土地资源,发展第三产业以提高经济收入等建议. 相似文献
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长武试验示范区建于黄土高原沟壑区王东沟小流域。通过路、水、田、果、林五项工程统一规划和实施，使王东沟小流域发生了巨大变化。 相似文献
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依据黄土高原沟壑区王东沟流域1986-2007年生态经济系统演变过程调查、监测资料和研究成果,建立了黄土高原沟壑区王东沟流域土地利用效益评价指标体系.运用层次分析法确定指标权重,对黄土高原沟壑区王东沟流域1986-2007年的土地利用效益进行了定量评价和动态分析.结果表明:区域土地利用效益在这20余年中呈增长态势,分别于1991年、1998年、2003年达到峰值点.影响区域土地利用效益值的主要因素为区域的果业和第三产业. 相似文献
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黄土高原沟壑区典型小流域土地利用变化对产水量的影响——以陕西省长武王东沟流域为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对黄土高原沟壑区长武王东沟流域土地利用变化对产水量的研究结果表明，王东沟流域土地利用变化主要特点是农田、草地面积所占比重减少，而林果面积迅速增加。同样降雨类型1996年和2010年流域下垫面的产水量分别比1986年少产水5747m^3及5914m^3。产水量的减少使该流域汇入河流的水量减少，土壤蓄水量增加，有利于流域生态环境的持续发展。 相似文献
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１０年科技攻关，王东沟小流域产业结构发生了显变化，由历史以种植业为主的一元结构，发展到“七五”时以种植业，副业为主的二元结构，现已发展到种植业、果业、工副业三元结构。农业产业三元结构增加了农业生态系统的稳定性、抗逆性。在连续干旱的气候条件下，粮食生产持续发展，农民收入成倍增加，生态环境得到明显改善，经济效益，社会效益，生态效益得以同步实现。 相似文献
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王东沟试验区将水土保持工作与沟坡经济开发利用 机地结合在一起，以市场经济机制调动群众对整个沟坡资源的进一步开发，在保护和改善资源环境的同时，使群众走向富裕的道路，已成为周围地区的先进典型。 相似文献
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Krishna Prasad Woli Toshiyuki Nagumo Ryusuke Hatano 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):883-887
Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of nitrogen (N) pollution in stream water associated with intensive livestock farming practices. An extensive water sampling was carried out from stream tributaries, open channels, drainages, and seepages during the snow-melting season in 2001. Total nitrogen (TN) concentration was determined and water flow was measured. The lowest concentration of TN in the headwater of tributary ‘A’ was as low as 0.39 mg N L?1 (0.03 g s?1 of N load), and the concentration reached a value of 5 mg N L?1 in the outlet of the stream, which resulted in a N load of 1.37 g s?1. The increase in the N load (1.34 g s?1) was mainly due to drainage from a constructed wetland for livestock wastes, other drainages, and seepages from around the livestock sheds. The maximum concentration of TN in the drainage and seepage water from the constructed wetland was very high, 63 mg N L?1, which resulted in a N load of 0.53 g s?1 into the open channel that reached tributary ‘A.’ About 40% of the increased N load in the main tributary in the intensive livestock farming area was occupied by a single constructed wetland confirming that the drainage from this facility acted as the point source of pollution in the area. 相似文献
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高原湿地纳帕海土壤持水力对不同放牧的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选择滇西北高原纳帕海湿地作为研究对象,对生物践踏型(牛、羊践踏)与生物扰动型(藏香猪翻拱)放牧作用下的湿地土壤持水力特征进行对比研究。结果表明:(1)不同放牧方式显著影响湿地土壤理化性质以及土壤持水力。牛羊践踏型放牧下的土壤有机质、总孔隙度、自然含水量以及最大持水量、有机质均显著(P0.05)高于扰动型放牧,而践踏型放牧下的土壤容重显著(P0.05)低于扰动型放牧;(2)不同研究区域,土壤持水力对放牧的响应不同。布伦放牧区土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异不显著(P0.05),而哈木古和伊拉放牧区的土壤最大持水力在2种放牧方式下均有显著差异(P0.05);(3)不同季节,土壤持水力指标对放牧的响应程度亦不相同。在旱季,土壤持水力在2种放牧方式下的差异性较雨季更为显著(P0.01)。研究表明,湿地土壤水源涵养功能与放牧方式、放牧季节和放牧区域有关。基于湿地水源涵养功能的保护,应取缔土壤扰动型放牧,有效调控践踏型放牧的强度并减少旱季放牧。 相似文献
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Replacing inorganic fertilizer with anaerobic digestate may maintain agricultural productivity at less environmental cost 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John J. Walsh Davey L. Jones Gareth Edwards‐Jones A. Prysor Williams 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2012,175(6):840-845
We applied digestate generated from the anaerobic digestion of slurry, undigested slurry, or inorganic N (ammonium nitrate) or NPK compound fertilizer to pots of grass and a grass–clover mix grown in two soils. Crop yields were equal or enhanced with digestate, and analysis of soil water showed that there was less potential for loss of nutrients via leaching. Replacing inorganic fertilizer with digestate may therefore maintain grassland productivity but with less impact on the environment. 相似文献
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Abstract. Soils in areas with high livestock density contribute to the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems through loss of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P). In order to identify the potential for P loss from such soils we determined phosphorus extracted by water (H2 O-P), by double lactate (DL-P), and P sorption capacity (PSC) and degree of P saturation (DPS) in soil samples from two counties, one with low (Harle-catchment) and the other with very high livestock density (Vechta). Both catchments are hydrologically connected with the tidal areas of the North Sea.
The mean concentrations of H2 O-P (0.4mmol/kg) and DL-P (3.9 mmol/kg) were lower in the Harle-catchment than in the Vechta area (1.2 mmol/kg, 6.8mmol/kg). Although oxalate-extractable Al (Alox ) and Fe (Feox ) and the derived PSCs varied according to soil type and to land use, the livestock density and the resulting high concentrations of oxalate-extractable P (Pox ) were shown to be the main reason for the very high DPS of up to 179% in the county of Vechta. These values exceeded DPS reported from other intensive pig feeding areas in western Europe and indicate the potential for significant P loss. Less than 40% of the variation in Pox could be explained by the routinely determined H2 O-Por DL-P. Geostatistical analyses indicated that the spatial variability of Pox depended on manurial history of fields and Alox , showed still smaller-scale variability. These were the major constraints for regional assessments of P losses and eutrophication risk from agricultural soils using available soil P-test values, digital maps and geostatistical methods. 相似文献
The mean concentrations of H
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随着人工智能技术的兴起,深度学习技术发展迅猛,在图像及音频识别、自然语言处理、机器人技术、生物信息学、化学和金融等领域中应用广泛,也是目前发展精细畜牧业重要工具。养猪业是中国的重要农业产业,生猪的体况、行为及健康状况直接影响猪场的收入水平,通过深度学习技术可以快速、准确地了解猪只的相关信息并进行精确管理,提高猪只饲养效率及动物福利水平。该研究阐述了深度学习在目标猪只检测、猪只图像分割、猪只体况及异常监测、猪只行为识别上的应用现状,提出了深度学习技术在猪只饲养过程中的改进策略,以方便研究人员快速了解其研究进展。同时总结和分析了深度学习技术在猪只饲养过程中关于数据来源及数据集、应用范围、模型优化的不足与展望,提出应建立适用于猪只领域的公共数据集和统一的数据集标准,扩大深度学习的应用范围,优化DL模型以满足实际任务需求,将深度学习应用于猪场生产实践中。该研究旨为提高猪只福利化养殖和猪场经济效益提供依据,以推动深度学习在猪只饲养过程中应用的进一步发展。 相似文献
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畜禽行为及生理信息的无损监测技术研究进展 总被引：17，自引：11，他引：6
畜禽信息主要包括动物健康信息、行为信息、情绪信息。禽畜养殖中,准确高效监测畜禽信息有助于分析动物的生理、健康和福利状况,及时发现生病或异常个体,以减少经济损失和保障动物福利。目前畜禽养殖中主要依靠人工观察方式获取畜禽信息,主观性强且精度低;或者在饲养过程中采用一些将装置植入动物体内或对动物进行手术的监测手段,造成动物应激反应,有损动物福利。无损监测技术可以有效减少人力,降低观察者对动物的影响,减少监测过程中对动物造成的损伤与应激反应,提高动物福利。随着信息技术的进步,畜禽信息无损监测技术也在不断发展。该文阐述了畜禽养殖中传感器监测、图像监测及声音监测3种无损监测技术在获取畜禽信息方面的研究与应用现状,并分析3种无损监测技术的优劣。传感器监测技术发展较其他2种技术相对更加成熟,应用也更加广泛,可用来监测动物饮食、行为姿态等,但适合动物穿戴、可长期高效工作的传感器节点技术有待突破;图像监测技术利用前景提取、模式识别等方法对动物图像进行分析,可进行动物行为识别、质量估计等,对动物影响最小。但目前算法还不成熟,装置受环境干扰较大,因此应用有限;声音监测技术起步较晚,受限于环境噪声的影响,识别正确率较低,但在动物行为监测、疾病预警、情绪识别、饮食监测等方面均有较好的应用前景。该文还展望了畜禽信息无损监测技术未来精准、高效、智能、经济的发展趋势。 相似文献
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降低畜禽养殖污水处理成本是促进养殖业健康发展的重要因素,介质过滤能截留污水中的悬浮性固体,是养殖污水预处理的有效途径之一。其中,以作物秸秆为滤料的自然过滤装置结构简单、能耗低,能有效去除养殖污水中的固体污染物,但仍存在易堵塞、过滤速度慢、秸秆利用率低等问题。对此,该研究提出负压抽滤方案并进行了相关试验:首先通过单因素试验确定了各试验参数的边界条件,再利用二次回归组合试验,优化了负压抽滤的运行参数,试验结果表明当滤层厚度、压实密度、过滤压差分别为10 cm、130 kg/m3、30 kPa时综合过滤效果最佳,此时总固体(total solid,TS)、挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)、化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率分别为40.47%、45.07%、13.56%、11.75%;自然过滤和负压抽滤的对比试验表明,相同滤层条件负压抽滤的污水处理量是自然过滤的4倍,而用时仅占自然过滤的1/5,负压抽滤能有效提高过滤速率和秸秆利用率。最后利用厌氧发酵试... 相似文献
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Javier lvarez‐Martínez Amelia Gmez‐Villar Teodoro Lasanta 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2016,27(1):3-13
Spanish mountains have been affected by the expansion of shrubs and forests since the mid‐20th century. This secondary succession in vegetation has some positive effects, but also drawbacks, such as an increase in fire risk, loss of diversity in land use, a reduction in landscape and cultural value, less water available in river channels and reservoirs, constraints on livestock farming, a reduced number of local species and loss of biodiversity. This paper analyses the potential for grazing domestic goats to help control the spread of several species of shrubs such as the common broom (Cytisus scoparius), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and roses (Rosa sp.) that are commonly found in degraded pastures in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. Using experimental plots, the effects of two levels of stocking density (4·5 and 9 goats ha−1 y−1) are compared with other land management systems used in the region: burning, mechanical clearing and trimming. The combined use of goats with support from burning, clearing and trimming controls the spread of shrubs. The most efficient treatment was found with nine goats ha−1 y−1. Goat grazing also changes the distribution of shrubs, transforming a dense and continuous coverage into separate clumps and thereby enabling livestock to graze more easily. Maintaining a mixed structure of shrubs and pastures is the best treatment due to the low population density of the Cantabrian Mountains, as this enhances the biodiversity, controls fire risk and enriches the landscape; it also allows extensive livestock grazing as a main economic resource. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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该文总结了20余年关于养殖场粪水厌氧处理技术的研究开发工作和30余个工程的实践经验，介绍了中国畜禽粪水厌氧处理的现状，详细分析了各类处理技术的技术要点、适用范围、研究和应用现状，并就实际工程的建设和运行提出了具体的措施和意见。 相似文献