共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
在改造“奥帕克—2”玉米胚乳性状的育种工作中,需要对杂交后代进行单粒分析,以便挑选出那些既是硬胚乳又是赖氨酸含量高的籽粒。普通玉米的醇溶蛋白含量比高赖氨酸玉米高1倍左右。用灵敏度高的 Folin 酚比色法可以精确地反映出各籽粒间醇溶蛋白含量的差异,从而达到鉴别高赖氨酸玉米籽粒的目的。 相似文献
2.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
3.
Classical “high-lysine” sorghum lines are characterized by smaller seeds than average, due to a decrease in prolamin synthesis and a subsequent decrease in yield. To exploit the natural variation in lysine content and to identify ecotypes with a seed lysine content higher than average, characterized by plump seeds, a method was developed based on root-growth inhibition of seeds growing on a medium containing aminoethylcysteine (AEC), a lysine analogue. By using a collection of sorghum mutants and ecotypes a correlation coefficient of 0.926 between root length and lysine content was established. This method, which uses the root length of plants growing on aec to indicate which lines have a potential elevated lysine content, can be applied for the screening of sorghum germplasm. Since this is a non-destructive method it can also be used at the individual seed level, for example for screening progenies of regenerated plants from in vitro culture to exploit the somaclonal variation. 相似文献
4.
若干玉米胚乳突变体基因效应的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对５个玉米单隐性胚乳突变体、３个双隐性胚乳突变体的可溶性糖（还原糖、蔗糖）、水溶性多糖、淀粉、粗蛋白、赖氨酸含量测定，并对突变体种子结构扫描电镜观察。分析了玉米胚乳突主体的基因效应及其互作效应。 相似文献
5.
Pengfei Leng Milena Ouzunova Matthias Landbeck Gerhard Wenzel Thomas Lübberstedt Birte Darnhofer Joachim Eder 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(5):524-533
Improving maize starch content is of great importance for both forage and grain yield. In this study, 13 starch degradability traits were analysed including percentage of the seedling area, floury endosperm, hard endosperm of total grain area, percentage of the floury endosperm surface and vitreousness ratio surface hard: floury endosperm surface, etc. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a biparental population of 309 doubled haploid lines based on field phenotyping at two locations. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 168 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, which covered 1508 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 9.0 cM. Close phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits, and were all statistically significant (p = 0.01) at two locations. Major QTL for more than two traits were detected, especially in two regions in bins 4.05–4.06 and 7.04–7.05, associated with 13 and 9 traits, respectively. This study contributes to marker‐assisted breeding and also to fine mapping candidate genes associated with maize starch degradability. 相似文献
6.
Molecular characterization of endosperm and amino acids modifications among quality protein maize inbreds 
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下载免费PDF全文 Neha Pandey Firoz Hossain Krishan Kumar Ashish K. Vishwakarma Vignesh Muthusamy Supradip Saha Pawan K. Agrawal Satish K. Guleria Sallaram S. Reddy Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu Hari S. Gupta 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(1):47-54
Modifier loci in QPM play a vital role in achieving acceptable degree of kernel hardness and accumulation of lysine and tryptophan. This study was undertaken to characterize a set of diverse QPM inbreds using SSRs linked to endosperm and amino acids modifier loci for their effective utilization in the breeding programme. Significant variation was observed for endosperm modification (25–100% opaqueness), tryptophan (0.056–0.111%) and lysine (0.223–0.444%). Generally, inbreds with soft endosperm possessed more tryptophan and lysine than inbreds with higher vitreousness. SSRs generated 341 alleles with two to seven alleles per locus. The frequency of unique and rare alleles was more for amino acid modifications, compared to endosperm modifications. Phylogenetic analyses grouped the inbreds into three major clusters, and the study identified suitable crosses for accumulation of endosperm and amino acids modifiers. QPM inbreds with desirable modifications identified here would serve as suitable donor for both opaque2 and modifier loci in the marker‐assisted backcross breeding. Further, contrasting inbreds can be used for generating mapping populations to identify new modifier loci underlying both endosperm and amino acids modifications. 相似文献
7.
Minoru Nishimura Asako Kobayashi Ryohei Morita Yuya Idesawa Yusuke Sakuma Ibuki Otosaka Katsura Tomita 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):390
Dietary fiber has high functional value in relation to gut flora. We searched for a high-lysine mutant of the most popular rice cultivar in Japan, ‘Koshihikari’, as a route to a higher dietary fiber content like a success case in new barley cultivar, ‘Beau-fiber’. We found several promising high-lysine mutants with high dietary fiber content. One of these, ‘WFE5’, has three times the dietary fiber content in white rice. Two rounds of backcrossing to Koshihikari produced a near-isogenic line with a high fiber content. The line’s agronomic traits were close to those of Koshihikari except for yield and eating quality. As these two traits are critical, we discuss how to improve them. 相似文献
8.
玉米o16基因回交渗入o2系的分子标记辅助选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高赖氨酸玉米育种中,主要是以玉米opaque-2(o2)突变体作供体回交转育培育亲本材料,再行培育高赖氨酸杂交种。但是,迄今培育的o2玉米系及其杂交种的籽粒赖氨酸含量约为0.4%,不能满足食用和饲用的需求。为了提高o2玉米的赖氨酸含量,本研究利用一个新的高赖氨酸突变基因opaque-16(o16)的载体QCL3021作供体,o2玉米系太系19为受体,将o16基因回交渗入o2玉米系。在回交的每一世代及随后的自交世代,用o2基因内的SSR标记umc1066和o16基因的连锁SSR标记umc1141进行前景选择,再对中选单株进行全基因组SSR标记的背景选择,最后用染料结合赖氨酸法测定籽粒赖氨酸含量,以便保证筛选出遗传背景恢复率和赖氨酸含量均高的目标单株。在BC2F4代,获得携带o2和o16基因的家系17个,其遗传背景与o2玉米系相当(恢复率为92%~95%),赖氨酸含量为0.469%~0.599%。其赖氨酸含量比普通玉米平均提高约122.63%;比高值亲本太系19(o2o2)平均提高约22.33%,增幅为6.11%~35.52%;比低值亲本QCL3021(o16o16)平均提高约65.86%,增幅为43.87%~83.74%。表明采用标记辅助选择技术将o16基因回交导入o2玉米,能有效提高玉米籽粒的赖氨酸含量,对高赖氨酸玉米的遗传改良和育种具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
opaque-2玉米近等基因系的构建与赖氨酸含量快速检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国高赖氨酸玉米种质资源狭窄,opaque-2(o2)突变基因能大幅提高玉米赖氨酸含量,通过分子标记辅助选择构建o2玉米近等基因系并检测其赖氨酸含量具有重要意义。其中,要解决的两个关键问题是如何准确地将不同供体的o2突变基因导入受体系和如何快速地检测导入系的赖氨酸含量。本研究利用O2基因内紧密连锁的SSR共显性标记引物phi057检测玉米供体和受体自交系的多态性,利用其特异性和共显性构建o2近等基因系;参考已有研究,改进染料结合(DBL)法,测定18组构建成功的o2近等基因系的赖氨酸含量。结果表明,不仅在不同供体(CA339和山东2548)之间存在多态性,而且在不同受体系间也存在多态性,利用phi057能够成功地将不同供体的o2突变基因导入受体系,构建o2近等基因系;改进的DBL法分析表明,不同受体系赖氨酸含量变化较大,不同背景的受体系导入o2突变基因后赖氨酸含量增加的幅度差异也较大;普通玉米自交系间赖氨酸含量为0.223%~0.368%,构建成功的不同o2近等基因系间,赖氨酸含量为0.373%~0.527%,与受体亲本相比,赖氨酸增加幅度最低为13%,最高为74%。分析表明,phi057能准确筛选导入o2突变基因的受体系,结合改进的DBL法能快速地选择赖氨酸含量高的玉米。 相似文献
10.
Summary Little work has been reported on genetic transformation with maize inbred lines, especially elite inbred lines used in breeding. In this work, 7 self-pollinated inbred lines and 4 hybrid lines have been screened. The results revealed that calli derived from immature embryos from two inbred lines X333 and X301 were compact, hyperhydric and unsuitable for transformation, but the calli induced from other inbred lines and all the hybrid lines were friable and yellow and could be used for genetic transformation. The sb401 gene isolated from potato (Solanum berthaultii) encodes a protein with a high lysine content. Maize calli from 5 self-pollinated inbred lines and 4 hybrid lines were transformed using particle-bombardment with different plasmids to simultaneously introduce the sb401 lysine rich gene and the selectable gene hpt respectively. Two hundred and sixty-eight regenerated plants were obtained from these genotypes. Co-insertion was confirmed in 29 regenerated plants by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Transgene segregation of the R1 plants was observed and one marker-free transgenic maize line was recovered. Analysis of the crude protein content in mature seeds of R1 transgenic plants also showed an increase from 36.8% to 48.2%. This study thus provides a workable system for generating transgenic maize free from selectable marker genes and generates valuable resources for obtaining marker free transgenic maize with a high-lysine protein content. 相似文献
11.
Analysis of embryo, endosperm, cytoplasmic and maternal effects for heterosis of protein and lysine content in indica hybrid rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The heterosis controlled by genetic main effects and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects for protein content and lysine content traits of indica hybrid rice, Oryza sativa L., was studied by using a genetic model for quantitative traits of triploid endosperm. The experiment was conducted over 2 years in a factorial design that included nine cytoplasmic male-sterile lines as females and five restorer lines as males. It was revealed that heterosis of protein content and lysine content were simultaneously controlled by genetic main effects and GE interaction effects. Maternal general heterosis and maternal interaction heterosis were observed. Embryo heterosis or cytoplasm heterosis for lysine content and endosperm heterosis for protein content were more important in general heterosis. Embryo interaction heterosis and cytoplasm interaction heterosis were more important for protein content, but endosperm heterosis was only important for lysine content in GE interaction heterosis. It was shown that some indica hybrid crosses had significant positive heterosis for protein content. Negative heterosis for lysine content was observed in most hybrid crosses. 相似文献
12.
高赖氨酸玉米籽粒形成过程的生物化学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对不同遗传背景的高赖氨酸玉米杂交种 o_2C103×o_2330、o_2二南_(24)×o_2金02及普通玉米京杂6号在授粉后不同时期籽粒的干物质积累、籽粒容重、出粉率、玉米粉细度、蛋白质、赖氨酸及亮氨酸等形成的动态进行初步研究,并测定了花粉、胚及胚乳中的氨基酸含量。三年结果表明:不同遗传背景的高赖氨酸玉米在授粉后不同时期籽粒的 相似文献
13.
研究了5种玉米胚乳突变基因(o_2,su_1,sh_2,bt_2,wx)及其互作对籽粒百粒重、蛋白质含量及蛋白质组分(清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白)的影响,并观察了蛋白质组分在突变体籽粒发育过程中的变化。结果表明,与正常型相比,o_2,su_1,sh_2,bt_2单突变体和各种双突变体均不同程度降低百粒重和增加蛋白质含量;蛋白质组分中,醇溶蛋白含量严重降低,其它组分含量相应增加。籽粒发育过程中突变体蛋白质组分的变化是:盐溶蛋白(清蛋白和球蛋白)早期含量较高,后期持续下降;醇溶蛋白早期含量较低,后期上升缓慢;谷蛋白后期增加量较多。研究分析了各成份之间的相互关系。 相似文献
14.
几个籼稻良种胚乳蛋白高营养组分的生化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用ＩＥＦ－ＰＡＧＥ与ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析和制备分离、层析自动扫描、微量蛋白分离纯化、氨基酸自动分析、ＦＡＯ／ＷＨＯ评判蛋白营养价值标准统计学方法,研究来源、类型不同的８个籼稻良种（着重其中４个）的胚乳蛋白不同等电点（ＰＩ）范围组分营养水平。结果表明：参试品种胚乳蛋白的等电点范围是ＰＩ８．６－４．０,含有１５－１７种等电聚焦组分;以弱酸性ＰＩ范围尤以ＰＩ６．０－５．２组分的必需氨基酸配比最佳－营养水 相似文献
15.
Heterosis in crop mutant crosses and production of high yielding lines using doubled haploid systems
Heterosis appearing in crosses between mutants derived from the same parent variety and crosses of mutants with parent varieties
has been observed by many authors for many plant species including such important crops as barley, faba bean, maize, pea,
pearl millet, rice, sunflower, sesame, sweet clover, triticale and wheat. Mutant heterosis was reported for crosses of spontaneous
mutants, mutants obtained after treatment with various mutagens and recently also for somaclonal variants. The heterotic effects
are usually related to an increase in some yield components. There is a lack of correlation between mutation of a particular
plant character and appearance of heterotic effect. The yielding performance of a mutant was not correlated with its potential
to give yield heterosis in crosses with another mutant, often also a very poor one, or with the parent variety. Poor yielding
barley mutants from the collection of semi-dwarf forms of the Department of Genetics, Silesian University gave heterosis in
crosses with other mutants or parent varieties for such characters as tillering, grain number and weight per plant. In addition
to mutants with deleterious mutations of such characters as chlorophyll synthesis or fasciated stem there were also lines
mutated for earliness, semi-dwarfness, low glucoside or high protein and lysine content which gave significant heterosis in
crosses. One possible explanation of the phenomenon of mutant heterosis is related to the frequency of mutations induced by
chemical and physical mutagens. The appearance and the level of heterotic effect of mutated genes will depend on their interaction
with other mutated genes or with genes from the parental genotype. High specific combining ability of mutants giving heterotic
effect makes hybrid seed production, based on crosses with defined sources of cytoplasmic or genetic male sterility, unfeasible
or even impossible. Doubled haploids provide a unique system to attempt the ‘fixing’ of hybrid performance in homozygous lines
and to avoid the step of hybrid seed production. The assumption on the ‘fixability’ of hybrid yield in homozygous lines based
on reports that large additive genetic variance is responsible for yield heterosis in wheat or barley was proven also for
mutant crosses.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
A new sunflower mutant, CAS-12, was obtained, which has both high palmitic (≈30%) and high oleic acid contents, and also a
substantial amount of palmitoleic acid (≈7%). The mutant was selected after X-ray irradiation of dry seeds of the inbred line
BSD-2-423, which had normal palmitic (≈3%) and high oleic (≈88%) acid levels. The increase of palmitic and palmitoleic acids
occurred at the expense of the oleic acid content, which decreased to around 55% in respect to the original line. Linoleic
acid content is always under 5%. Palmitic and palmitoleic acid levels were similar to those of the high palmitic mutant CAS-5
obtained in a previous programme from a low oleic line isogenic to BSD-2-423 using a similar mutagenic treatment. In that
previous programme we also selected three high stearic acid mutants using chemical mutagenic treatment on the same sunflower
line (RDF-1-532). We attempted to obtain mutants in other lines but were unsuccessful. The isolation of similar mutants in
isogenic parental lines illustrates the importance of the genetic background in the development of specific mutants with an
altered seed oil fatty acid composition. The oil of this mutant will increase the range of potential uses of sunflower oil.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Bing‐nan Lin Yu‐chia Hsu Su‐chen Kuo Yann‐rong Lin Yong‐pei Wu Chie‐wei Kuo 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(2):206-213
From mutant pools of two Taiwanese elite japonica cultivars, Tainung 67 and Taikeng 8, we identified 13 mutant lines possessing opaque endosperm with relatively low amylose contents (AC) ranging from 1.5% to 7.1%. Because of different AC, paste viscosities of these 13 mutant lines differed, as revealed by palatability and physicochemical properties. The mutated gene conferring opaque endosperm was isolated from the F2 population of one mutant line, WY1× indica cv. ‘Taichung Sen 17’, by positional cloning, revealing a G3018→A3018 substitution at exon 9 of Waxy leading to a non‐synonymous mutation from alanine to valine. Two additional alleles were identified from the other 12 mutant lines, for which single‐nucleotide substitutions G2708 → A2708 and G3029 → A3029 occurred in exons 8 and 9, leading to non‐synonymous mutations from arginine to histidine and glutamic acid to lysine, respectively. The three novel wx alleles had different effects on grain quality, specifically on eating and cooking quality, and could be applied in rice breeding programmes to develop new low AC varieties by marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
18.
I. Potrykus P. K. Burkhardt S. K. Datta J. Fütterer G. C. Ghosh-Biswas A. Klöti G. Spangenberg J. Wünn 《Euphytica》1955,85(1-3):441-449
Summary Indica-type rice provides the staple food for two billion people in Third World countries. Several problems involved in the stable and sustained production of high quality food cannot be solved by traditional breeding. Methods have been established for gene transfer to Indica rice breeding lines to study possible contributions from genetic engineering. Experiments are in progress on the development of transgenic resistance towards Yellow Stem Borer, resistance towards Rice Tungro Virus, accumulation of provitamin A in the endosperm, increase of essential amino acids in the endosperm such as lysine, cysteine and methionine and resistance towards fungal pests such as Rice Blast and Sheath Blight. Transgenic clones from Indica rice breeding lines have been recovered from several of the approaches mentioned, some of which have been regenerated to plants. 相似文献
19.
为研究玉米高赖氨酸奥帕克-2(opaque-2,o2),奥帕克-16(opaque-16,o16)和糯性(waxy1,wx1)突变基因聚合提高营养品质的分子机理,以玉米o2,o16和wx三隐性基因聚合系QCL 8002-11(o2o2o16o16wxwx)为供体亲本,以普通玉米自交系CML 539为受体亲本,构建玉米o2、o16和wx基因不同聚合类型的近等基因系,经过多代回交和自交,利用分子标记辅助选择技术,选育出一批含有o2o16wx三隐性基因,o2o16、o2wx和o16wx双隐性基因,o2、o16和wx单隐性基因的近等基因系材料,为玉米品质的快速改良和阐明优异基因聚合提高玉米营养品质的机理提供材料基础。 相似文献
20.
Mutator转座子介导的玉米甜质突变体侧翼序列克隆 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨Mu转座子使玉米发生甜质突变的分子机理,利用Mu-AFLP方法分离Mutator转座子插入位点的侧翼序列,并根据侧翼序列的延伸设计一对特异性引物P1、P2,验证转座子插入的真实性,同时对插入位点所在的基因进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:侧翼序列长299 bp,插入位点位于第3染色体,该转座子的插入属于真实插入;突变基因全长5 746 bp,共编码592个氨基酸;所编码蛋白的理论分子量为67.5 k Da,疏水性氨基酸含量为42.06%,具有10个跨膜结构域,属于亲水性内膜蛋白。该结果为更好地利用Mutator转座子创制甜玉米新种质奠定了基础,也对揭示玉米胚乳发育与淀粉合成机制具有重要意义。 相似文献