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20世纪80年代末到90年代初,肉羊产业快速兴起,而肥羔肉和优质小羊肉的生产成为肉羊业的发展趋势.肉羊的工厂化、集约化生产客观上要求母羊快速繁殖,通过品种引进、杂交改良、人工授精、同期发情、胚胎移植等繁殖新技术的应用大大提高了母羊的繁殖力,肉羊多胎率日益增加[1],这就要求羔羊必须实施早期断奶.采用营养全面、易于吸收的羔羊代乳粉既可以促进幼畜胃和肠道等消化器官的发育[2],同时对母羊的多胎多产和羔羊成活率的提高都具有重要的意义[1].本文综述了代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长发育的影响,从而为早期断奶羔羊的快速健康成长提供可靠的保障[3]. 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(1)
试验旨在研究补饲不同水平代乳粉对贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊生长性能、体尺指标、血清生化指标、腹泻率及死亡率的影响,探讨双羔羔羊最适代乳粉补饲水平。选用出生日期相同、体况健康相似的贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊12对共24只,按随机区组试验设计分成4组,每组6只。羔羊随母哺乳,对照组不补饲代乳料,试验组分别补饲羔羊体重的1.0%、1.5%和2.0%代乳粉,预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:2.0%代乳粉组贵州黑山羊双羔羔羊增重效果最好,全期日增重可达121.78 g/d,显著高于对照组和1.0%、1.5%代乳粉组(P<0.05);补饲2%水平代乳粉的羔羊各阶段体尺指标优于其他代乳料补饲水平试验组和对照组;2.0%代乳粉组血清总蛋白和葡萄糖含量显著高于1.0%代乳粉组和对照组(P<0.05)。综上,补饲2%代乳料有利于羔羊对营养物质的消化代谢,促进羔羊的生长发育。 相似文献
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加快我国肥羔羊产业化发展的技术措施 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从羔羊的遗传繁育、饲料、饲养等方面阐述了如何借鉴国外先进经验。结合我国实际情况加快我国肥羔羊产业的发展，使我国肥羔产业尽快走上产业化、集约化的道路。 相似文献
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羔羊生产分奶羔、肥羔和大羔育肥三个类型.奶羔指在4月龄以下屠宰的羔羊.奶羔育肥是通过对母羊怀孕后期强化饲养管理,促使母羊产后体壮奶足,羔羊出生重大、生长发育快,并通过一定的精饲料补喂来实现羔羊肉的增长.奶羔生产可促使母羊早发情,提高繁殖率,同时可提高每只母羊生产的胴体量. 相似文献
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肥羔生产饲养管理配套技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
当年出生的羊羔,经过短期快速育肥,并在六月龄内屠宰上市,胴体质量达20kg以上称为肥羔生产。肥羔羊肉之所以被广大消费者欢迎,是因为羔羊肉具有肉质好,无膻味,瘦肉率高,脂肪含量少,鲜嫩易消化和胆固醇含量低等优点。据有关方面报道,近年来肥羔生产在国内外呈发展趋势,肥羔羊肉产量占羊肉总产量比例逐年增加,在美国已占到90％,欧盟国家也在80％以上。肥羔生产同时为养羊场(户)所接受,是因为从事肥羔生产经济效益高,所以世界养羊业发达的国家都重视肥羔生产。我国已经加入世界贸易组织,中国养羊业必须面对国内外市 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the effects in vitro of bovine milk and milk products and soymilk on the motility of sheathed and exsheathed L3 Ostertagia circumcincta (also known as Teladorsagia circumcincta) as a measure of larval viability and infectivity. METHODS: L3 were exsheathed in 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, resuspended in Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) pH 7.4 and incubated with test solutions at 37 degrees C for up to 48 h. The motility of 50 larvae from each incubate was assessed at selected times using a McMaster slide. Larvae were considered immotile only if straight and not moving. Fresh bovine milk, homogenised milk (3.3% fat), low-fat milk (0.2% fat) and lamb milk replacer were diluted with HBSS pH 7.4 to concentrations from 1.6-100%, and incubated with exsheathed L3 for 1, 24 or 48 h. Bovine whey protein was tested in concentrations of 5-15% at pH 2.5-6.5, casein at 5 or 7.5%, and skim milk powder from 5-15% at pH 5.5 or 6.5, all for 2, 4 or 24 h. Soymilk was tested in concentrations of 1.6-100% for 1, 2, 24 or 48 h. HBSS was used as the control solution. Sheathed L3 were incubated in HBSS pH 7.4, 50% homogenised milk in HBSS, or 50% soymilk in HBSS. Each solution was incubated for 1,2, 24 or 48 h. RESULTS: The motility of exsheathed L3 was reduced by fresh bovine milk, homogenised milk, low-fat milk, lamb milk replacer, whey, casein and skim milk solutions, but not by soymilk. The mean percentage (and SE) immotile at 48 h were: fresh milk 38% (SE 20); homogenised milk 65% (SE 7); low-fat milk 57% (SE 5); lamb milk replacer 43% (SE 7); and soymilk 7% (SE 0.5). Larval immotility increased in whey protein solutions from 5-15%, from pH 2.5-6.5 and from 2 to 24 h (all p<0.001); in skim milk from 5-15% (p<0.001), and was greater at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5 (p<0.001); in casein from 5-7.5% (p<0.001), but was no different at pH 5.5 and 6.5. The motility of sheathed L3 was reduced at 24 h (p=0.009) and 48 h (p<0.001) by 50% homogenised milk, but not by 50% soymilk or HBSS. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine milk proteins, or components associated with the proteins, reduced the motility of both sheathed and exsheathed L3 O. circumcincta. Soymilk had no effect on nematode motility. Lower larval motility may reduce worm establishment and be a contributing factor to the smaller burdens of gastrointestinal nematodes in milk-fed animals compared with animals after weaning. 相似文献
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Quigley JD Carson AF Polo J 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2002,3(3):262-269
Newborn lambs (n = 45) at the Agricultural Research Institute of Northern Ireland were fed either 50 grams of commercial lamb milk replacer or 50 grams of commercial colostrum replacer (bovine origin) in 200 ml of water four times during the first 24 hours of life or were given ad libitum access to the ewe. Total plasma protein at 24 hours of age was highest in lambs allowed to suckle the ewe (76.9 g/L). However, by 14 days of age, there were no differences in plasma protein levels among the three treatments. Bovine IgG was measured in lambs fed colostrum replacer and ovine IgG was measured in other lambs. Mean plasma IgG concentrations at 24 hours of age were 0.7 (milk replacer), 18.0 (colostrum replacer), and 26.6 (dam's milk) g/L. Bovine IgG administered orally to newborn lambs was adequately absorbed, and circulating IgG concentrations were sufficiently maintained throughout this study. 相似文献
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AIM: To examine the effects in vitro of bovine milk and milk products and soymilk on the motility of sheathed and ex- sheathed L3 Ostertagia circumcincta (also known as Teladorsagia circumcincta) as a measure of larval viability and infectivity. METHODS: L3 were exsheathed in 0.2% sodium hypochlorite, resuspended in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) pH 7.4 and incubated with test solutions at 37°C for up to 48 h. The motility of 50 larvae from each incubate was assessed at selected times using a McMaster slide. Larvae were considered immotile only if straight and not moving. Fresh bovine milk, homogenised milk (3.3% fat), low-fat milk (0.2% fat) and lamb milk replacer were diluted with HBSS pH 7.4 to concentrations from 1.6–100%, and incubated with exsheathed L3 for 1, 24 or 48 h. Bovine whey protein was tested in concentrations of 5–15% at pH 2.5–6.5, casein at 5 or 7.5%, and skim milk powder from 5–15% at pH 5.5 or 6.5, all for 2, 4 or 24 h. Soymilk was tested in concentrations of 1.6–100% for 1, 2, 24 or 48 h. HBSS was used as the control solution. Sheathed L3 were incubated in HBSS pH 7.4, 50% homogenised milk in HBSS, or 50% soymilk in HBSS. Each solution was incubated for 1, 2, 24 or 48 h. RESULTS: The motility of exsheathed L3 was reduced by fresh bovine milk, homogenised milk, low-fat milk, lamb milk replacer, whey, casein and skim milk solutions, but not by soymilk. The mean percentage (and SE) immotile at 48 h were: fresh milk 38% (SE 20); homogenised milk 65% (SE 7); low-fat milk 57% (SE 5); lamb milk replacer 43% (SE 7); and soymilk 7% (SE 0.5). Larval immotility increased in whey protein solutions from 5–15%, from pH 2.5–6.5 and from 2 to 24 h (all p<0.001); in skim milk from 5–15% (p<0.001), and was greater at pH 6.5 than at pH 5.5 (p<0.001); in casein from 5–7.5% (p<0.001), but was no different at pH 5.5 and 6.5. The motility of sheathed L3 was reduced at 24 h (p=0.009) and 48 h (p<0.001) by 50% homogenised milk, but not by 50% soymilk or HBSS. CONCLUSIONS: Bovine milk proteins, or components associated with the proteins, reduced the motility of both sheathed and exsheathed L3 O. circumcincta. Soymilk had no effect on nematode motility. Lower larval motility may reduce worm establishment and be a contributing factor to the smaller burdens of gastrointestinal nematodes in milk-fed animals compared with animals after weaning. 相似文献
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选择体重和出生日期相近、健康状况良好的荷斯坦公犊牛30头,随机分为3组（试验I组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组）,每组10头,研究了饲喂不同脂肪和蛋白质水平代乳粉对犊牛生长性能的影响。不同处理代乳粉的营养水平分别为：试验I组,EE13％、CP22％;Ⅱ组,EE16％、CP24％;Ⅲ组,EE19％、CP26％。研究结果表明．犊牛的日增重随着代乳粉营养水平的升高逐渐提高,试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的日增重分别比试验I组提高了35．45％和37．63％（P〈（1．05）．试验Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组的平均日增重差异不显著;饲喂高营养水平代乳粉具有降低犊牛腹泻的趋势;不同试验处理对犊牛开食料采食量无显著差异。综合分析饲喂不同营养水平代乳粉对犊牛生长和经济效益的影响,代乳粉的适宜营养水平为EE16％、CP24％。 相似文献
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Bundza A Sugden EA Nielsen K Hartin KE 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1982,23(3):102-105
Thirty-four hysterectomy derived, crossbred lambs were fed a commercial, lamb milk replacer, containing added copper from birth. Twenty-five lambs died, four were killed and five survived. At necropsy, generalized icterus, enlarged kidneys and enlarged or small livers were found. 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）混播草地放牧利用的生产潜力和集成全草型集约化肉羊放牧育肥技术模式。2017-2018年，在位于河北省廊坊市的中国农业科学院国际农业高新技术产业园内开展了2年羔羊育肥的划区轮牧试验，研究了紫花苜蓿混播草地的地上生物量、育肥羊增重以及羊肉品质的变化规律。结果表明：混播草地地上生物量超过11.2 tDM·hm-2，5月份紫花苜蓿混播草地的粗蛋白为20.92%，每公顷紫花苜蓿混播草地可满足51只育肥羊、放牧育肥150天，每只增重30 kg所需的干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白三个方面的全部需求。与此同时，紫花苜蓿混播草地还可以显著增加羊肉中欧米伽3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，n-6/n-3比例为2.72，羊肉健康品质显著提高。以紫花苜蓿混播草地为基础的全草型肉羊放牧育肥技术具有广阔的应用前景，对我国苜蓿产业以及草地畜牧业发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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结合当前西部大开发和肉羊生产,简述了羔羊产业化生产的发展思路及实施羔羊产业化生产中的关键环节和技术措施。 相似文献
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This study examined the time course of rumen metabolic development in the absence of solid feed consumption and the effect of delayed solid feed consumption on sheep rumen development. Twenty-seven lambs consumed milk replacer until slaughter at nine ages from 1 to 84 d (milk group). Three additional lambs consumed milk replacer from 1 to 48 d. From 49 d until slaughter at 84 d, these lambs were weaned onto solid feed (fed group). At slaughter, rumen contents were removed for VFA analysis and rumen epithelium was preserved for morphological examination. Rumen epithelial cells were isolated and incubated in media containing 2.5 mM U-[14C]-glucose or 10 mM 1-[14C]-butyrate. Rumen VFA concentrations did not change with age in lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, intraruminal VFA concentrations were elevated in lambs consuming solid feed compared to 84-d-old lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). The number of ruminal papillae per square centimeter decreased (P < .05) while papillae length and width did not change significantly with age in rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer. At 84 d of age, rumen epithelium from lambs in the fed group had fewer and larger papillae/per square centimeter than rumen epithelium from lambs given milk replacer (P < .05). Rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation and acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells isolated from lambs given milk replacer did not change with age. Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) production was undetectable before 42 d of age in lambs given milk replacer and increased to levels found in conventionally raised adults by 84 d. At 84 d there were no differences in rates of glucose and butyrate oxidation or acetoacetate and lactate production by rumen cells between the two treatment groups. Thus, the change in substrate oxidation from glucose to butyrate, indicative of rumen metabolic maturation, does not occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. However, the development of rumen ketogenesis, as evidenced by increased BHBA production, does occur in the absence of solid feed consumption. Delaying the initiation of solid feed consumption results in rumen morphological development but does not stimulate rumen metabolic development. Increased intraruminal VFA concentrations, earlier exposure to VFA, or a longer period of exposure to VFA may be required to induce the genes responsible for rumen metabolic development. 相似文献
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Effects of a high milk intake during the pre‐weaning period on nutrient metabolism and growth rate in Japanese Black cattle 
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下载免费PDF全文 Atsuko Matsubara Hideyuki Takahashi Akira Saito Aoi Nomura Khounsaknalath Sithyphone Christopher D. Mcmahon Ryoichi Fujino Yuji Shiotsuka Tetsuji Etoh Mitsuhiro Furuse Takafumi Gotoh 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(9):1130-1136
This study aimed to determine the effects of feeding an increased volume of high‐fat milk during the early post‐natal life on metabolite concentrations in the blood, the expression of key genes regulating intermediary metabolism in the skeletal muscles, and the rate of growth of Japanese Black cattle. All calves were fed a high‐fat milk replacer (crude protein, 26%; crude fat, 25.5%; total dissolved nitrogen, 116%). Control calves (n = 4) were nursed with 500 g milk replacer until 3 months of age, whereas calves in the experimental group (n = 4) were nursed with 1800 g milk replacer until 3 months, and then the volume was gradually reduced until 5 months. Body weight was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 7 months. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower in the experimental group. Expression of glucose‐transporter‐4 messenger RNA (mRNA) was lower, whereas that of glucose transporter 1, cluster of differentiation 36, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1b mRNA was significantly higher in the Longissimus thoracis of the experimental group. Nutritional status during early post‐natal life appears to strongly influence the growth rate and glucose and lipid metabolism in Japanese Black cattle. 相似文献