共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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黑龙江沙棘干缩病病原菌的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2006-2007年分秋、春、夏3次采集大果沙棘干缩病感病植株感病部位组织,分离纯化、鉴定获得8个真菌菌株.根据Koch's证病法则,选择分离自具有明显干缩病症状植株感病部位的分离物的孢子作为致病性测定用接种体,分别采用菌剂灌根、干部刮伤涂抹菌剂的方法对沙棘幼苗和12年生沙棘进行接种后,引起与自然发病相一致的症状,对接种发病的植株再分离获得3个菌株.对上述菌株进行形态学及分子生物学测定,将其鉴定为拟枝孢镰孢菌.该病原菌可生长在沙棘的叶部、枝干部及根部,生长在不同部位的菌株存在致病力上的差异.该病原菌在大果沙棘上的危害在黑龙江省尚属首次报道. 相似文献
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欧美杨溃疡病的病原鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从河南濮阳、山东菏泽等地的欧美杨溃疡病发病林地采集病样96份,经分离、纯化、归类出10种分离物,其中镰孢属(Fusarium)真菌占优势.以离体苗干水培接种和盆栽苗接种,经致病性测定,明确分离物Mz01为致病菌株.经形态学鉴定,Mz01为茄镰孢菌(Fusarium solani).采用真菌通用引物对分离物Mz01进行PCR扩增,对其核糖体DNA(rDNA)内转录间隔区测序,并将测序结果在GenBank中进行同源性比对分析,分子鉴定与形态学鉴定一致.茄镰孢菌作为我国欧美杨溃疡病的病原菌系首次报道. 相似文献
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采用灌根接种法研究了从黄栌枯萎病病根中分离到的几种根栖真菌的致病性,结果表明,单独接种 Fusarium spp.和 Cylindrosporium spp.的不同菌株均未发病,3个 Verticillium dahliae菌株的发病率分别达到 60%,70%,90%;而 V.dahliae和 Fusarium spp.混合接种的发病率达到100%;分离自陕西棉花上的V.dahliae菌株也可以引起轻微的枯萎症状,但症状不同于分离自黄栌的菌株.V.dahliae 菌株占黄栌根、茎、叶等不同部位的分离真菌菌株总数的61.7%,占叶部真菌菌株的96.97%. 相似文献
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应用从不同林型下分离获得的外生菌根真菌纯培养菌株中的优良菌种,对油松人工林进行菌剂混合接种试验。结果表明:采用外生菌根真菌对油松林接菌,能使土壤微生物种群数量发生变化;接菌后的土壤中的细菌、真菌、放线菌总数比对照有明显的增加,其中真菌增加558.7%。接菌后的油松菌根侵染率为75%,对照为20%;采用外生菌根真菌对油松林接菌,能够提高其抗病力,增强抗旱性,促进林木的生长。对连续2年接种菌剂的油松幼林调查表明,施用菌剂的油松与对照相比,其地径、树高均有显著增加,树高增长46.1%,地径增长41.3%。所以说外生菌根真菌作为一项生物接种技术,对提高油松林的抗病力,增强抗旱性,促进林木的生长具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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经过对本溪关门山区域的森林真菌病害进行的抽样调查,结果表明,关门山地区共发现50种真菌病害,33种树种发病,其中叶部病害发生较多,共有40种,占总数的80%。在叶部病害中,叶枯病和叶斑病又发生严重,占叶部病害的37.5%和17.5%,其余为锈病、白粉病、落针病、穿孔病和煤污病;枯枝病害发现5种,占总数的10%;干部病害发现5种,占总数的10%。在实验室内对这50种病害病原类别进行鉴定分析,结果显示,细菌类病害有3种,其余为真菌类病害达47种。在真菌病害中,半知菌占62%,子囊菌占21%,担子菌占17%。 相似文献
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于2017年10月—2018年11月间,对银杏叶枯病的发生以及银杏叶枯病发病原因进行了调查,结果表明:银杏叶枯病在南京地区发生较为普遍。从5月开始发生(平均病情指数为7.28),7,8月病害达高发期(平均病情指数分别为24.15,41.57),10月病害发生较为严重,此时大量病树叶片枯黄脱落,平均病情指数达到62.35;对采集的银杏叶枯病病叶进行标本镜检,并参考相关的资料,认为叶枯病病原或致病因素包括真菌性病原、细菌性病原和环境因素,而真菌性病原包括链格孢菌、镰刀菌、盘多毛孢菌、盘圆孢和叶点霉菌;另有部分患病植株叶片,未发现和分离出相关病原。推测可能是由环境因素或营养条件所造成的非侵染性病害,具体原因尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
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作者在黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区4个地区采集松栎柱锈菌Cronartium quercuum侵染蒙古栎Quercus mongolica的越冬和当年病叶,分离、培养和鉴定其上的真菌种群。结果表明:从4个地区共分离到18个属(种)真菌,不同地区的病叶上,真菌种群分布均有所不同,优势属也不同。大兴安岭地区越冬病叶上链格孢Alternaria为优势属,当年病叶上粉红单端孢Trichothecium roseum和毛霉属Mucor为优势属(种);兴凯湖地区越冬病叶上优势属也是链格孢,当年病叶上青霉菌Penicillium为优势属;内蒙古地区当年病叶上枝孢属Cladosporium为优势属;五大连池当年病叶上粉红单端孢为优势种。所有真菌在PDA培养基上均比在玉米粉培养基上生长良好,不同培养基上分离得到的真菌种群也存在差异。4个地区均分离到具有生防作用的粉红单端孢。 相似文献
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安吉白茶(Camelliasinensis(Linn.)cv.anjibaicha)是我国目前发现的珍稀茶种之一,茶叶中氨基酸含量高达6.29%,几乎是普通绿茶的2～3倍[1],并具有特殊浓郁的香味,因此具有极高的开发利用价值。它原产于浙江省安吉县天荒坪镇海拔800m左右的湿润山区,仅保存有一株母树,经本所与浙江省安吉县林科所等单位合作,通过全光照嫩枝扦插和组织培养,解决了造林材料问题,又在浙西北低山平地试种获得了成功,开始有规模地扩大种植。在安吉白茶种植中遇到的最大的困难是早春易受冻害,春末夏初的白叶期易受日灼伤害,这与安吉白茶引种地和原产地的生境存在较… 相似文献
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通气和添加防腐增氧物质（硼酸、高锰酸钾和硫代硫酸铵）对桂花枝段和叶片插穗水培扦插生根有很大影响。随着通气水平的降低,插穗剪口感染率升高,生根率降低,生根插穗的不定根生长减慢,在不通气的情况下,大多数插穗会发生剪口感染,生根率为零。但通气水平从连续通气降低到通气５分钟、间歇５分钟,不利影响虽有但不明显;而低于通气５分钟、间歇５分钟则不利影响表现得很明显。添加低于２０ｍｇ／Ｌ浓度的硼酸对防止剪口感染效果不明显,但可提高生根率,尤以５ｍｇ／Ｌ～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ效果更好。添加高锰酸钾对防止剪口感染效果很明显,对不定根的发生有一定的不利影响,以添加２ｍｇ／Ｌ～４ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜。硫代硫酸铵的效应介于硼酸和高锰酸钾之间,以添加５ｍｇ／Ｌ～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ为宜。用这些适宜浓度配合成含两种防腐增氧物质的混合添加剂加入培养液中,都有明显的控制剪口感染的作用,尤以其中含有高锰酸钾的组合为佳,但在不定根的形成和生长上表现出明显的差异,含有高锰酸钾的组合都明显抑制不定根的形成和生长,而不含高锰酸钾的组合则无明显的副作用 相似文献
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Endophytic fungi in leaves and twigs of healthy and diseased beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized leaves and twigs of healthy and diseased trees. Three fungal species could be isolated frequently: Apiognomonia errabunda, Diaporthe eres and Bisporella sp. D. eres occurred in leaves of healthy trees more frequently, than in those of diseased trees. It has been hypothesized, that less capacity of water and nutrient uptake of diseased trees is responsible for this effect. A mutualistic symbiosis of A. errabunda and D. eres with beech trees is supposed and discussed. 相似文献
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以泡桐丛枝病类菌原体的敏感指示植物长春花苗为材料,用叶柄注射法注入感病泡桐叶汁液进行接种试验,结果表明,有1/4供试植株感病,其症状与泡桐丛枝病相一致,将感病植株叶脉切片镜检,发现有类菌原体,其形态、大小及结构,均与泡桐丛枝病类菌原体相同。为该病病原的传播及回接提供了一条简便的途径。 相似文献
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角斑病是日本甜柿的重要病害，严重影响树势，造成早期落叶落果。在浦江，该病原以菌丝体在病叶，病果柿蒂上越科；翌年４月开始侵染，借雨水传播从气孔侵入。采用及时清理病叶，病柿蒂，搞好林内卫生，适时化防等措施，病情可以得到有效控制。 相似文献
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The leaves of Cinnamomum burmannii in Guangdong Province were severely affected by two distinctly different types of spots. The dark spot was round, surrounded by a thin yellow zone at the interface between healthy and affected regions, and had a distinct dark ring. The yellow spot had an irregular shape and a broad yellow halo. The pathogens from the different diseased leaves were isolated and were shown to be of two different strains, both of which caused leaf spot disease in pathogenicity tests. Based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequence, the strain causing the dark leaf spot was identified as Phyllosticta cirsii, and that causing the yellow leaf spot as Phomopsis cinnamomicola Z.D. Jiang et al. This paper is the first to report two pathogens causing leaf spots on Cinnamomum burmannii. 相似文献
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竹叶枯型丛枝病的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
竹叶枯型丛枝病为害新梢嫩叶,造成叶枯、梢枯,连年发病引发小枝丛生,该病发展快,发病时间短,季节性强。老病枝连年发病,使新梢发病率常达90％以上。病叶上普遍产生黑褐色点状的子囊菌子实体。用子囊孢子对健壮株枝梢作人工接种,第2年新梢嫩叶发病,具典型症状。经鉴定该病病原菌为竹暗球腔菌(Phaeosphaeria bambusae Miyake et Hara)。刚竹属中的淡竹(Phyllostachys glauca)、桂竹(Ph. bambusoide)和融安刚竹(Ph. sp.)发病最重。3月间竹腔注射20％粉锈宁乳油剂(1∶200)1次,即可明显减轻该病的发生。 相似文献
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Yusuke Hagiwara Takashi Osono Seiichi Ohta Agus Wicaksono Arisman Hardjono 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(1):51-57
Colonization of leaf litter by ligninolytic fungi and relationships between mass loss and chemical qualities of surface leaf
litter were examined in Acacia mangium plantations and adjacent secondary forests in southern Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Leaves were collected from eight A. mangium plantations of different ages and three secondary forests. Partly decomposed leaves beneath the surface leaf litter were
used to measure the bleached area which indicated colonization by ligninolytic fungi. Surface leaf litter was used to measure
initial chemical content and subjected to the pure culture decomposition test. The bleached area was greater in secondary
forests than in A. mangium plantations. Nitrogen content was higher in all the A. mangium plantations than in the secondary forests, and acid unhydrolyzable residue (AUR) content was generally higher in the A. mangium plantations than in the secondary forests. The bleached area of leaf litter was negatively correlated with nitrogen content
of surface leaf litter at all sites, indicating an inhibition of the colonization by ligninolytic fungi of leaves with higher
nitrogen content. In a pure culture decomposition test inoculating a ligninolytic fungus to surface leaf litter, mass loss
of leaves was negatively correlated with AUR content of surface leaf litter. Mass loss of leaves and AUR was not significantly
related to nitrogen content. These results suggested that higher nitrogen content in A. mangium leaf litter had a negative effect by colonization of ligninolytic fungi, but the effect of high N in A. mangium leaf litter on the decomposition of leaf litter and AUR remained unsolved. 相似文献
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Endophytic fungi have been isolated from buds and twigs of beech trees collected at four different sites in Switzerland. Discula umbrinella. was recovered at high frequencies from the bud scales and the twig pieces contiguous to the buds, but was virtually absent from the rolled up leaves enclosed by the scales. In addition to infection by air-borne inoculum, thalli of D. umbrinella may grow from the twigs into the leaf tissues. 相似文献