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1.
Secondary vegetation, associated with changes in land use, presents a conservation issue in the preservation of biological diversity in agricultural landscapes. We examine the interactive effect of eucalypt regrowth and rock habitat on reptile species richness and assemblage structure in fragmented agricultural landscapes in south-eastern Australia. Zoogeographic and geomorphic factors influenced species richness and community composition. Saxicolous and arboreal species were less abundant in grassy woodland regrowth, whereas Bassian and fossorial species responded positively to forest regrowth (and tree plantings). Regrowth with rock habitat had higher reptile richness, and more old growth-associated taxa, than regrowth without rock habitat. Thus, the presence of saxicolous habitat can reduce the time required for regrowth to attain a climax community structure and elements of old growth fauna. However, in the absence of vegetation management, secondary vegetation can reduce habitat suitability for a broad range of reptiles. In agricultural landscapes historically supporting savannah-like vegetation, habitat manipulation may be necessary to maintain reptile diversity. Furthermore, tree plantings in temperate agricultural landscapes should aim to restore historical vegetation composition and structure, thereby reflecting the habitat requirements of extant species and facilitating evolutionary processes. In grassy woodland ecosystems, this may involve heterogeneous plantings which emulate natural levels of canopy cover and solar penetration. Maintaining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes will therefore involve managing trade-offs to preserve areas of dense regeneration for regrowth-dependant fauna, while at the same time, creating open-canopy environments to enhance habitat for ectothermic organisms. 相似文献
2.
非耕作生境是农业景观中的重要组成部分,为生物提供食物和栖息地,对生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本文以辽宁省昌图县为例,选取了20个非耕作生境比例为0~50%的网格(1 km?1 km)为样区,采用典型样地法对调查区域内农业景观中的林地、田间路、草地、沟渠、果园5类主要非耕作生境中的植物群落进行调查,探讨不同非耕作生境类型和比例中植物多样性及其与景观异质性之间的关系。研究结果表明,随着非耕作生境比例增加,植物物种多样性和均匀度先增加后减小,在20%~30%时达到峰值;非耕作生境比例在0~40%范围内时,植物物种丰富度同样呈现先增加后减小,且在20%~30%时达到峰值;非耕作生境比例高于40%时,植物物种丰富度再次出现峰值且高于20%~30%。随着非耕作生境比例的增加,农业景观香浓多样性、香浓均匀度指数和景观斑块形状复杂程度逐渐增加,蔓延度恰好相反。不同生境中重要值最高的均为禾本科植物,但植物种不同;优势种优势度为果园沟渠草地田间路林地。果园、草地和沟渠的物种多样性和均匀度指数显著高于林地和田间路,丰富度指数为草地林地沟渠果园田间路,且草地、果园和田间路的不同调查区域间植物群落指数存在较大的变异性。草地、果园、沟渠、田间路和林地中景观异质性与物种多样性相关性顺次降低。研究结论表明,东北平原典型玉米种植区农业景观中,最适宜非耕作生境比例为20%~30%;非耕作生境中林地、沟渠对物种多样性维持、湿生植物多样性保护具有积极作用;不同生境干扰类型和方式不同,景观异质性与植物物种多样性相关性程度也不同。在今后农业景观生物多样性保护中应综合考虑非耕作生境的类型和比例,干扰的类型和方式等多种因素对生物多样性、生态服务及农业产量的影响。 相似文献
3.
以往的研究表明有机管理有利于生物多样性保护,但在不同农业生境类型中是否都存在这个结论呢?基于此问题,本研究在一个多生境的有机管理农场与一个相邻的多生境常规集约化管理农区,采用陷阱法进行蜘蛛取样,对比有机和常规管理措施下大棚菜地、果园、稻田田埂、露天田块及农田边界等5种生境类型的农田蜘蛛多样性的差异,并分析土壤因子对蜘蛛多样性的影响。研究发现:1)有机管理与常规管理的蜘蛛物种数没有显著差异,但有机管理的果园中蜘蛛个体数比常规管理的果园中多139%,且差异显著。同一管理措施下,仅常规管理农田区的农田边界蜘蛛个体数和物种数分别显著高于其他生境均值104%和59%。2)有机管理农场比常规管理农田的蜘蛛物种组成差异略大,且在有机管理下不同生境间的蜘蛛群落组成差异更明显。3)土壤因子中有机质、全氮、全磷含量等对蜘蛛群落结构有显著影响,但对蜘蛛个体数和物种数没有显著影响,仅土壤Cu含量和蜘蛛个体数呈显著负相关。在本研究中虽然有机管理和土壤因子对蜘蛛多样性有一定影响,但不同生境间管理强度、植被结构等差异对蜘蛛多样性的影响更大。因此,发展多种农业生境类型的有机农业可提升物种β多样性。同时,在常规集约化管理农区,保留农田边界等半自然生境、适当减少化肥和农药等投入、降低农田内部的管理强度、防止土壤重金属污染等措施均有助于保护蜘蛛多样性。 相似文献
4.
5.
A critical handicap to tropical biodiversity conservation efforts in agroecosystems is the unknowns regarding the influence of landscape-scale factors on the persistence of species. To address these uncertainties, we explored two essential landscape-scale questions, within India’s biologically-rich Western Ghats, examining two nearby human-dominated landscapes that dramatically differed in their pattern of land cover. First, how does the proximity of intact forest patches affect bird community composition within agricultural landscapes? Second, can simple remote sensing-derived measures (brightness, wetness, and NDVI) be used to estimate native bird species composition within those landscapes? In both landscapes, as distance to intact forest decreased, the similarity in bird community composition between agricultural areas and intact forest increased. This suggests that the retention of tropical forest bird communities within human-dominated landscapes critically depends on the maintenance of nearby intact forest. In an answer to the second question, the remote sensing measures correlated with forest-affiliated avian species richness in only one of the two landscapes, reflecting an ecological difference between the two in the response of forest bird species to local agricultural conditions. In the landscape where a correlation was found, there was high variation in vegetative structure, which strongly impacted both the remote sensing measures and forest bird species richness. In the other landscape, forest species richness strongly correlated with changes in tree species composition in the agriculture, a factor that could not be detected by the remote sensing metrics. In order to successfully conserve biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes, our findings show that it is essential to conserve intact forest within those landscapes and to understand the effect of local agricultural practices on species. 相似文献
6.
Native amphibian populations are shrinking worldwide, and both parasitic infections and environmental stress from agriculture have been implicated. We investigated the principal hypothesis that environmental by-products of agricultural activity mediate parasitism in native frogs. Bullfrogs were collected from wetlands with variable landscape disturbance and water quality and examined for helminth parasites. We predicted that pesticide pollution and landscape development would be significant factors shaping the parasite communities and populations. Parasite diversity and species richness were lower in wetlands impacted by both pesticides and land use. Two parasite groups, direct life-cycle nematodes and echinostomes, were common in polluted habitats, potentially increasing frog pathology and mortality risk. In areas with agricultural landscape and reduced forest cover, parasite diversity and species richness were low, perhaps because of less parasite transmission from birds and mammals. This result suggests that land development limits terrestrial vertebrate access to wetlands. Our results indicate that parasite abundance and community structure in wetlands are influenced by factors operating locally within the wetland and more broadly in the surrounding landscape. We suggest that parasite communities in amphibians are effective indicators of ecosystem health and animal biodiversity, and thus useful tools for conservation biology. 相似文献
7.
Tropical savannas are an important reservoir of global biodiversity. Australia’s extensive savannas, although still largely intact, are experiencing substantial declines in terrestrial biodiversity due to a variety of interrelated effects of altered fire regimes, grazing and increases in invasive species. These disturbance processes are spatially variable, combine to increase landscape to local-scale landscape heterogeneity, but rarely result in well-defined patch boundaries. We quantified the importance of this heterogeneity for native reptile and small mammal species in a tropical savanna landscape of Queensland, Australia. We used high resolution remote sensing imagery (IKONOS) to map habitat pattern at a 4 m spatial resolution and at variable extents. We found that landscapes dominated by grass or bare ground had low reptile and small mammal diversity, while landscapes with a heterogeneous mix of grass, bare ground and trees had high species diversity and relative abundance of most species. Landscape heterogeneity may increase reptile and small mammal species richness by: (i) increasing the variety and abundance of foraging resources such as seeds and invertebrates; (ii) providing cover from predators and high summer temperatures; and (iii) increasing functional connectivity and dispersal success. The importance of these resources and processes varies among individual species and at different spatial scales, reiterating the need to consider habitat requirements of multiple species in landscape management and conservation planning. 相似文献
8.
Landscape patterns influencing bird assemblages in a fragmented neotropical cloud forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《Biological conservation》2005,121(1):117-126
The cloud forest is one of the rarest and most threatened ecosystems in Mexico, although it contributes highly to the country's biological diversity and provides important ecological services. It is a naturally fragmented ecosystem, but anthropogenic deforestation and fragmentation has been severe. Consequently, it is essential to identify landscape patterns critical for the conservation of cloud forest. In order to understand how landscape patterns affect diversity in this ecosystem, this study explores the consequences of cloud forest fragmentation on bird diversity in eastern Mexico. I analysed the response of bird species richness and abundance as a function of forest fragment size, shape, topographical complexity, altitudinal range, connectivity, and proportion of landscape forested area in a system of 13 cloud forest fragments. Fragment shape was the main characteristic positively related to species richness in the bird community, but a differential response to landscape patterns was also detected. Fragment size was the main characteristic influencing the segment of the bird community depending mostly on forest, that is to say, forest interior and generalist species. In contrast, the extent of forest edge, expressed as fragment shape, produced a positive response of forest border species. Both, forest dependent and border dependent species positively responded to the extent of their suitable habitat. The immediate and most effective ecologically oriented conservation strategy for the region is the conservation of the largest cloud forest fragments. 相似文献
9.
Birds play vital roles as seed dispersers helping to maintain and restore plant communities. With restoration increasingly key to global conservation, it is important to understand the landscape attributes and bird community characteristics that most influence avian seed dispersal in human-altered landscapes. We examined bird community structure and seed-dispersal patterns in agricultural countryside in Costa Rica that is typical of much of the Neotropics. Contrary to expectations, bird abundance, not richness, best predicted the richness of bird-dispersed seeds. Neither forest patch size or proximity, nor total tree cover, influenced seed dispersal. The richness and abundance of dispersed seeds, however, was strongly correlated with “wetness,” a remotely-sensed metric of vegetation, at several scales. These results suggest that in this human-dominated tropical region: (1) bird abundance, not species richness or size, may drive seed dispersal, and (2) remote-sensing combined with field verification can detect landscape elements that are helpful for maintaining the option of bird-mediated reforestation. 相似文献
10.
Changes in Collembola richness and diversity along a gradient of land-use intensity: A pan European study 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jos Paulo Sousa Thomas Bolger Maria Manuela da Gama Tuomas Lukkari Jean-Franois Ponge Carlos Simn Georgy Traser Adam J. Vanbergen Aoife Brennan Florence Dubs Eva Ivitis Antnio Keating Silvia Stofer Allan D. Watt 《Pedobiologia》2006,50(2):147-156
Changes in Collembola richness and diversity along a land-use intensity gradient were studied in eight European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Hungary, UK, Ireland and Finland). In each country a set of six 1 km2 land-use units (LUUs) were selected forming a gradient ranging from natural forest to agricultural dominated landscapes, passing through mixed-use ones. In addition to data on Collembola, detailed information regarding landscape diversity and structure was collected for each LUU. A total of 47,774 individuals were identified from 281 species. Collembola reacted not only to changes in the diversity of the landscape, but also to the composition of that diversity and the area occupied by each land-use type at each LUU. Although species richness patterns were not concordant among the different countries, the total number of species per LUU (landscape richness) was generally higher in natural forests and mixed-used landscapes, and lower in agricultural dominated landscapes. Moreover, high richness and diversity of Collembola at each LUU were associated with a diverse landscape structure, both in terms of number of patches and patch richness. Despite this comparable species richness between mixed-use landscapes and those dominated by natural forests, average species richness on forested areas (local richness) decreased along the gradient, showing that forest patches on mixed-use landscapes support a lower richness than in landscapes dominated by forest. This aspect is important when addressing the role of native forests in structuring biodiversity in disturbed and fragmented landscapes. Although a diverse landscape can support a high biodiversity, the results suggest that intensive fragmentation should be avoided with the risk of collapsing local species richness with the consequent result for regional biodiversity. 相似文献
11.
提升农田生物多样性是当前生态农业研究的热点问题。为探讨农田防护林的生物多样性保护功能,本研究在辽宁省昌图县金家镇选取8个农田-防护林单元（每个单元即为1个田块）,使用陷阱法调查了不同类型林带（完整型、残缺型、消亡型）相邻的农田中,距林带不同距离处（0 m、50 m、100 m、150 m、200 m）地表节肢动物的分布情况,同时记录林带内的植被群落特征。采用方差分析以及群落排序的方法,分析了林带类型、距离梯度以及林带植被结构对农田地表节肢动物分布的影响。研究结果表明：1）与消亡型相比,完整型和残缺型林带相邻的农田物种多度显著较高,物种多样性在各类型林带农田间无显著差异,与完整型及残缺型林带相邻的农田维持着区别于消亡型林带的地表节肢动物群落结构。2）完整型和残缺型林带相邻的农田物种多度梯度变化显著,随距林带距离的增加均呈由低到高的变化趋势;不同类型林带农田中,物种多样性随距林带距离的增加逐渐递减,边缘效应显著。3）林带中草本层物种多度和乔木层盖度是影响农田地表节肢动物群落分布的主要因子,共解释了35.4%的节肢动物数量变异;不同节肢动物物种对林带植被结构的响应存在差异,步甲和蜘蛛作为当地农业景观中主要的天敌类群,与上述林带植被结构因子关系密切：林带内较高的草本层物种多度有利于增加农田中某些步甲常见种的多样性,而较高的乔木层盖度有利于增加蜘蛛目常见科的多样性。研究结果表明,农田防护林作为研究区主要的非耕作生境类型,能够显著提升相邻农田中地表节肢动物的多度,对于物种多样性的提升作用则不明显;林带内草本层物种多度以及乔木层盖度对蜘蛛、步甲等多类天敌多样性保护具有积极作用。因此,加强农业景观中现有林地的改造和提升,如营造适宜盖度的上层林木以及丰富的林下植被,能够提升现有林地的生境质量,进一步发挥其对农田生物多样性的保育功能。 相似文献
12.
Sabine Oertli Dominik Steiner Alexandra Breitenstein Silvia Dorn 《Biological conservation》2005,126(2):195-205
Surrogate taxa as indicators for biodiversity are widely used in conservation biology and ecology. However, available studies on the congruence of species diversity patterns in different taxa yielded inconsistent results, and correlations between taxa were few. To conserve or restore biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, knowledge on the response of different taxa to management regimes is crucial. In the present study we evaluated the congruence of diversity and similarity patterns among three insect taxa, i.e., bees, grasshoppers, and aculeate wasps, in a mosaic landscape in the Swiss Alps comprising extensively used grassland under different management regimes. In addition, we studied the influence of land use on the diversity and species composition of the three taxa. While species numbers were not significantly correlated between any pair of taxa, community similarities were positively correlated between bees and grasshoppers. The number of red-listed species was not correlated with the total number of species in bees and in grasshoppers. None of the investigated taxa reflected the species numbers or community similarities of the other taxa well enough to qualify as a general indicator for biodiversity. Remarkably, land use clearly influenced species composition, while its effect on species numbers was not significant. All management regimes of the grassland in the study area contribute substantially to the overall diversity of the three insect taxa. Conserving the variety of agricultural land uses will be the most promising step towards the conservation of biodiversity in the study area. 相似文献
13.
Wetland creation aiming at a simultaneous increase in nutrient retention and species diversity in agricultural landscapes has recently become applied as a catchment-scale compensation measure for past wetland losses. Here, we evaluate if, and to what extend, dual-purpose wetlands benefit local and regional diversity of agricultural landscapes. We analysed composition and α, β, and γ diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages among dual-purpose wetlands in an agricultural region in southwest Sweden in relation to local (water quality, wetland morphology, succession stage, proximity to other aquatic habitats) and landscape parameters (regional connectivity, wetland density). Diversity of mature agricultural ponds was used as a standard to evaluate the value of dual-purpose wetlands. Dual-purpose wetlands sustained α, β, and γ diversity similar to that of natural lentic water bodies in agricultural landscapes in the region and elsewhere. Over 80% of the overall species richness was attributed to β diversity, and each created wetland contributed to overall species accumulation. Ecosystem parameters explained 19% of the compositional variation among assemblages, but were only marginally related to diversity. Wetland density promoted α and γ diversity, while spatial heterogeneity (β) remained equally high, independent of wetland density. Our results indicate that catchment-scale wetland creation for simultaneous retention and diversity purposes benefits the biodiversity of agricultural landscapes, particularly if the density of aquatic habitats is increased by at least 30%. 相似文献
14.
城市五种景观植物土壤微生物多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
绿地为城市提供广泛的生态服务,绿地土壤微生物群落是其中的关键组成部分。为探究城市绿地土壤微生物多样性及其影响因素,通过16S rRNA基因的高通量测序对城市绿地5种常见景观植物土壤微生物进行分析,发现不同景观植物土壤微生物优势物种具有较高的一致性,以变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、粘球菌门为优势门。但其α多样性和β多样性根据景观植物不同表现出明显相异性。另外,各土壤中古菌趋同性极高,几乎都属于氨氧化古菌。微生物相互作用关系主要受土壤含水量、盐离子浓度和pH等因子的影响。 相似文献
15.
农业过度集约化带来的农业景观均质化已成为农田生物多样性降低的主要原因之一。为研究农业景观格局对害虫-捕食性天敌定性食物网结构的影响,本文选择辽宁省昌图县为研究区,选取8个典型田块为样区,在分析定性食物网结构的基础上,采用回归分析和最优模型确定食物网参数与景观指数之间的关系。结果表明:1)互作丰度(IR)与各景观指数无显著相关性。2)连接密度(LD)与蔓延度指数(CONTAG, x1)、聚集度指数(AI, x2)呈显著正相关(P0.05),最优模型为:LD=-64.621+0.780x1+0.739x2。农业景观中非耕作斑块越聚集,玉米害虫-捕食性天敌定性食物网结构越复杂。3)连接性(C)与CONTAG(x1)、香农多样性指数(SHDI, x3)呈显著正相关(P0.05),而与香农均匀度指数(SHEI,x4)呈显著负相关(P0.05),最优模型为:C=-178.500+1.831x1-106.808x4。景观类型越多样,且同类斑块连接度越好,害虫与捕食性天敌的相互作用越频繁,也越有利于复杂食物网结构的维持。4)普遍性(G)与景观形状指数(LSI, x5)、斑块结合指数(COHESION, X7)、AI(x2)呈显著正相关(P0.05),而与斑块密度(PD,x6)呈显著负相关(P0.05),最优模型为:G=-2 994.798+26.891x2+27.090x5-0.491x6+2.851x7。非耕作斑块破碎化程度越低,天敌的搜寻行为和聚集行为越强,越有利于食物网结构的稳定。5)易损性(V)与SHEI(x4)呈显著正相关,而与CONTAG(x1)呈显著负相关(P0.05),最优模型为:V=8.411+5.351x4。斑块类型在景观中分布越均匀,害虫多样性越高,群落结构也越复杂。总体而言,农业景观异质性越强越有利于玉米害虫-捕食性天敌定性食物网的构建和抗干扰性的增强。而利用田间数据构建食物网矩阵的方法可以成为研究如何增强农业景观异质性的有力工具。 相似文献
16.
Intensive cropping, especially of rice, is considered to contribute to negative effects not only on soil chemical and biological
properties but also on long-term grain yield. Appropriate crop rotation is often practiced as an alternative strategy to overcome
the negative side effects of intensive cropping. Although soil microbial diversity and community structure have been shown
to respond differently to altered agricultural management practices, little is known about possible links between crop rotation
and grain yield on bacterial communities in rice paddy soil. In this study, we investigated the impact of specific rotational
crops and compared it with intensive rice cultivation. The main crop rice (Oryza sativa) was rotated with maize (Zea mays) and mungbean (Phaseolus aureus) in different combinations in a system cultivating three crops per year. Soil bacterial communities were studied in two different
cropping periods using pyrosequencing of the variable V4 region of the 16S rRNA. Our results showed that rotation with alternative
crops increased rice yield by 24–46% depending on rotation structure and that bacterial community structure was altered in
the presence of mungbean and/or maize compared to that in rice monoculture. In the crop rotation systems, composition, abundance,
and diversity of soil bacterial communities were significantly different and higher than those in rice monoculture. Our results
show that effects of crop rotation relate to changes in soil bacterial community structure suggesting that appropriate crop
rotations provide a feasible practice to maintain the equilibrium in soil microbial environment for sustainable rice cultivation. 相似文献
17.
I. Thormann P. Reeves S. Thumm A. Reilley J. M. M. Engels C. M. Biradar U. Lohwasser A. Börner K. Pillen C. M. Richards 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2017,64(6):1295-1312
Climate change and other anthropogenic disturbances can lead to the loss of genetic variation and thereby affect evolutionary potential and survival of plant populations in the wild. We examined these predictions in the primary wild relative of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell., within its center of diversity, in Jordan. Changes in genotypic and phenotypic diversity were assessed using seed samples collected in 1981 and 2012 from the same 18 sites across Jordan. The overall population structure was conserved, but we observed an increase of within population genetic diversity and a reduction in population differentiation. Phenotypic variation differed among years and sites but the magnitude and direction of change variated among sites. While the sampled region became significantly hotter and drier during this period, simple correlation models did not support association between measures of climate change and the observed genetic and phenotypic changes. Agricultural activities that promote disturbance and demographic fluctuations may affect crop wild relatives that grow in agricultural landscapes, in unexpected ways. The observed increase in genetic diversity within populations might be explained by increased migration or by an advantage of increased genetic variation in the face of variable environmental conditions. This study provides a new perspective on the range of possible responses of crop wild relatives to environmental pressures. 相似文献
18.
Zornoza R Guerrero C Mataix-Solera J Scow KM Arcenegui V Mataix-Beneyto J 《Applied soil ecology》2009,42(3):315-323
In Eastern Spain, almond trees have been cultivated in terraced orchards for centuries, forming an integral part of the Mediterranean forest scene. In the last decades, orchards have been abandoned due to changes in society. This study investigates effects of changes in land use from forest to agricultural land and the posterior land abandonment on soil microbial community, and the influence of soil physico-chemical properties on the microbial community composition (assessed as abundances of phospholipids fatty acids, PLFA). For this purpose, three land uses (forest, agricultural and abandoned agricultural) at four locations in SE Spain were selected. Multivariate analysis showed a substantial level of differentiation in microbial community structure according to land use. The microbial communities of forest soils were highly associated with soil organic matter content. However, we have not found any physical or chemical soil property capable of explaining the differences between agricultural and abandoned agricultural soils. Thus, it was suggested that the cessation of the perturbation caused by agriculture and shifts in vegetation may have led to changes in the microbial community structure. PLFAs indicative of fungi and ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs were higher in abandoned agricultural soils, whereas the relative abundance of bacteria was higher in agricultural soils. Actinomycetes were generally lower in abandoned agricultural soils, while the proportions of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhyzal fungi were, as a general trend, higher in agricultural and abandoned agricultural soils than in forests. Total microbial biomass and richness increased as agricultural < abandoned agricultural < forest soils. 相似文献
19.
Functional aspects of soil animal diversity in agricultural grasslands 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
There has been recent interest in the characterization of soil biodiversity and its function in agricultural grasslands. Much of the interest has come from the need to develop grassland management strategies directed at manipulating the soil biota to encourage a greater reliance on ecosystem self-regulation. This review summarises information on selected groups of soil animals in grasslands, the factors influencing their abundance, diversity and community structure and their relationships to the functioning and stability of grassland ecosystems. Observations on the impacts of agricultural managements on populations and communities of soil fauna and their interactions confirm that high input, intensively managed systems tend to promote low diversity while lower input systems conserve diversity. It is also evident that high input systems favour bacterial-pathways of decomposition, dominated by labile substrates and opportunistic, bacterial-feeding fauna. In contrast, low-input systems favour fungal-pathways with a more heterogeneous habitat and resource leading to domination by more persistent fungal-feeding fauna. In view of this, we suggest that low input grassland farming systems are optimal for increasing soil biotic diversity and hence self-regulation of ecosystem function. Research is needed to test the hypothesis that soil biodiversity is positively associated with stability, and to elucidate relationships between productivity, community integrity and functioning of soil biotic communities. 相似文献
20.
E. Enríquez P. Landaverde-González R. Lima-Cordón E. Solórzano-Ortíz R. Tapia-López J. Nuñez-Farfán 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2018,65(3):979-991
Little is known regarding the effect of fragmentation and human agricultural management on the genetic variation and gene flow of Cucurbita pepo L., 1753 in moderate fragmented areas in central Guatemala. We hypothesize that the genetic variation of C. pepo is affected by forest fragmentation and by traditional agricultural management. Therefore, we aim to determine: (1) the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C. pepo in the Cloud Forest Corridor (CFC) (2) the extent of genetic admixture between commercial variety (CV) and traditional landraces (TL) of C. pepo, (3) the effect of habitat fragmentation in the population genetics of C. pepo with a landscape approach, and (4) the potential relationship between traditional management practices and genetic diversity of C. pepo in the CFC. We detected the existence of high level of genetic diversity (AR = 3.43; He = 0.50), inbreeding (Fis = 0.25) and moderate population structure of C. pepo in the CFC (Fst = 0.16). No correlation between landscape and genetics was found. Also, we found high genetic admixture between CV and TL. It seems that human practices, mainly related with seed exchange patterns, could affect genetic diversity of C. pepo in the CFC. C. pepo populations in the CFC are structured, with inbreeding, and show admixture with the CV, an aspect that could affect its genetic diversity. The agricultural management influenced the population genetics of C. pepo in the CFC, but the landscape did not. We suggest that special efforts should be made to preserve the diversity of this important indigenous food source for Guatemalan people as well as their management practices. 相似文献